Nevin Manimala

Ren Fail. 2025 Dec;47(1):2536194. doi: 10.1080/0886022X.2025.2536194. Epub 2025 Aug 4.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The appropriate concentration of dialysate calcium (DCa) for maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients remains a subject of ongoing debate. The relationship between DCa concentration and patient outcomes is not yet well established. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of DCa concentration on mortality and major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCEs) in Chinese patients undergoing MHD.

METHODS: A retrospective matched cohort study was conducted, analyzing data from hemodialysis (HD) patients at our center over the past five years. Each patient in the low DCa group was matched with a counterpart from the mid DCa group. Outcomes, including mortality, MACCE rates, fracture rates, and hospitalization rates, were compared between the two groups.

RESULTS: The study included 924 MHD patients, of whom 101 low DCa patients were matched with 101 mid DCa patients. In the matched-pair analysis, no significant difference was observed in all-cause mortality between the low DCa and mid DCa groups (3.5/100 vs. 4.7/100 patient-years). However, the low DCa group exhibited lower cumulative rates of MACCEs, hospitalization, and fracture incidence compared with the mid DCa group (7.3/100 vs. 20.7/100 patient-years, 21.5/100 vs. 34/100 patient-years, and 1.6/100 vs. 3.9/100 patient-years, respectively). In addition, the adjusted hazard ratio (HR) for the occurrence of first MACCE in the low DCa group compared with the mid DCa group was 0.47 (95% CI: 0.24-0.91).

CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that low DCa concentrations are associated with reduced rates of MACCEs, hospitalization, and cumulative fracture incidence in MHD patients relative to mid DCa concentrations.

PMID:40755245 | DOI:10.1080/0886022X.2025.2536194

Appl Neuropsychol Adult. 2025 Aug 4:1-7. doi: 10.1080/23279095.2025.2540586. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Gamma transcranial alternating current stimulation (Gamma-tACS) is used for treating Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The changes in the Gamma band power (GBP) of Electroencephalogram (EEG) manifested by AD can justify the reliability of enhancing the GBP via the Gamma-tACS. The EEG is the electric potential originating from the neural activity of the human brain. Our objective is to statistically investigate how far the AD patients differ from the healthy subjects in terms of GBP of resting-state EEG at the frontal electrodes. The dataset contains EEG recordings from 65 participants comprising 36 AD patients with an age of 66.39 ± 7.89 and 29 healthy subjects with an age of 67.90 ± 5.40. As a major finding, the Wilcoxon rank-sum test reveals that the difference in GBP of AD patients and healthy subjects is not significant at frontal polar 1 (FP1) (p = 0.81), FP2 (p = 0.48), frontal 3 (F3) (p = 0.77), F7 (p = 0.76), frontal zone (Fz) (p = 0.65), F4 (p = 0.91), and F8 (p = 0.42).

PMID:40755242 | DOI:10.1080/23279095.2025.2540586

Ann Med. 2025 Dec;57(1):2542439. doi: 10.1080/07853890.2025.2542439. Epub 2025 Aug 4.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To systematically evaluate the impact of antithrombin III (AT III) supplementation on the prognosis of patients undergoing extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO).

MATERIALS AND METHODS: A comprehensive literature search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and the Cochrane Library for studies assessing the effects of AT III supplementation on ECMO patient outcomes. The risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias and The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale.

RESULTS: A total of six studies involving 18,641 ECMO-treated patients were included. The meta-analysis showed that AT III supplementation did not reduce mortality in ECMO patients (RR = 1.17, 95% CI: 0.85-1.60, p = 0.34) and had no significant benefit in reducing bleeding events (RR = 1.04, 95% CI: 0.90-1.21, p = 0.56) or thrombosis (RR = 1.29, 95% CI: 0.81-2.05, p = 0.29). Subgroup analysis revealed that in cardiac ECMO patients, AT III supplementation was associated with an increased mortality but a reduced risk of thromboembolism. Conversely, in other ECMO support types, AT III supplementation was linked to a higher incidence of thromboembolism, with adult patients also showing an increased thromboembolism rate. No statistically significant differences were observed in other subgroup analyses.

CONCLUSION: Overall, AT III supplementation does not reduce in-hospital mortality, bleeding, or thrombotic complications in ECMO patients and may even pose risks in certain populations. Therefore, routine AT III supplementation in ECMO patients may be not currently recommended.

PMID:40755240 | DOI:10.1080/07853890.2025.2542439

J Food Sci. 2025 Aug;90(8):e70450. doi: 10.1111/1750-3841.70450.

ABSTRACT

Long-term glucocorticoid therapy is known to induce osteoporosis by disrupting bone metabolism and altering gut microbiota. In this study, C57BL/6J mice were used to establish a glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GIOP) model by intramuscular injection of dexamethasone. The mice were then divided into control, GIOP, and experimental groups; the experimental group was orally administered selenium-enriched egg white protein (Se-EWP) in order to evaluate its bone-protective effects and potential mechanisms. The results showed that Se-EWP significantly improved bone strength, trabecular microstructure, and bone mineral density in GIOP mice; enhanced the expression of bone synthesis-related proteins, such as osterix and osteocalcin; and decreased the expression of bone catabolism-related proteins, such as tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase, receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand, and cathepsin K. In addition, Se-EWP was found to alleviate glucocorticoid-induced gut microflora dysbiosis by increasing beneficial bacteria and microbial diversity. Se-EWP significantly modulated the 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1B (Htr1b) pathway, which is crucial for bone homeostasis and gut-bone communication. The modulation of the Htr1b pathway suggests that Se-EWP may exert its anti-osteoporotic effects through this mechanism. These effects were statistically significant (p < 0.05). Correlation analysis revealed significant associations between changes in the intestinal microbiota and bone metabolism parameters, further supporting the hypothesis that Se-EWP exerts its effects through the gut-bone axis. This suggests a novel therapeutic mechanism of action for Se-EWP through the gut-bone axis. In conclusion, this study provides strong evidence supporting the application of Se-EWP in the prevention and treatment of GIOP.

PMID:40754656 | DOI:10.1111/1750-3841.70450

Phytother Res. 2025 Aug 3. doi: 10.1002/ptr.70058. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Flavonoids remain controversial regarding their role in cancer-related mortality and all-cause mortality in cancer patients. A comprehensive search was conducted on Web of Science, PubMed, and CINAHL up to February 2024. Using adjusted hazard ratios (HRs), we compared flavonoid intake in the highest with lowest categories. Random-effects models were employed when the I² statistic surpassed 50%, while fixed-effects models were utilized otherwise. Fifteen eligible articles, comprising 19 cohorts, met the inclusion criteria. A significant inverse association was observed between total flavonoid intake and all-cause mortality (HR: 0.95, 95% CI: 0.91-0.99). However, the study found no significant association between total flavonoid intake and reduced cancer-related mortality risk (HR: 0.93, 95% CI: 0.83-1.04). A meta-regression analysis showed that the hazard ratio significantly decreased with the duration of follow-up (p = 0.005). Among flavonoid subclasses, flavan-3-ols intake was linked to a reduced risk of cancer-related mortality (HR: 0.74, 95% CI: 0.59-0.94). The consumption of flavanones, flavones, and isoflavones was correlated with a reduced likelihood of mortality from any cause, with summary HRs of 0.97 (95% CI: 0.95-0.99), 0.95 (95% CI: 0.92-0.98), and 0.88 (95% CI: 0.80-0.97), respectively. This study indicated that dietary intake of total flavonoids, flavanones, flavones, and isoflavones is inversely correlated with the risk of all-cause mortality in cancer patients.

PMID:40754648 | DOI:10.1002/ptr.70058

Psychooncology. 2025 Aug;34(8):e70249. doi: 10.1002/pon.70249.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Body image disturbance and sexual dysfunction are two of the most common issues reported by patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). The objective of our systematic review and meta-analysis was to examine the effects of an ostomy on body image (BI) and sexual dysfunction (SX) in patients with CRC.

METHODS: In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched seven databases (MEDLINE, PsychINFO, EMBASE, The Cochrane Library, PubMed, CINAHL, WEB of SCIENCE) covering articles published in English between January 1st, 2000 and July 20, 2024. Statistical analysis was carried out using the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (CMA) version 4 software.

RESULTS: Of 6321 identified articles, 92 met the inclusion criteria, totalling 27,039 patients. Patients with an ostomy reported significantly more body image concerns (g = -0.467 (95% CI -0.546 to -0.388), p < 0.001; prediction interval (PI): -1.046 to 0.112) and sexual dysfunction (g = -0.331 (95% CI -0.406 to -0.256), p < 0.001; PI: -0.894 to 0.232). Meta-regression showed that for BI, publication date and the choice of questionnaire explained 30% of the variance in effect size (R²analog = 0.30, df = 3, p < 0.05). For SX, gender and publication date explained 31% of the variance in effect size (R²analog = 0.3, df = 2, p < 0.001).

CONCLUSION: The findings revealed that patients with an ostomy, compared to those without, experience significantly higher levels of BI concerns and SX, with moderate-to-large effect sizes observed. However, there was significant heterogeneity, indicated by the broad prediction interval across studies. Results from the meta-regression suggested that the measurement tools, gender and publication date contributed to the observed variability. Future research should explore additional factors that influence outcomes in body image and sexual health for individuals with lived experience of CRC.

PROSPERO REGISTRATION: No CRD42020167716.

PMID:40754638 | DOI:10.1002/pon.70249

Sci Rep. 2025 Aug 3;15(1):28312. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-09422-z.

ABSTRACT

This study has investigated Coxiella burnetii and HIV infection among the persons experiencing homelessness of São Paulo city, Brazil, and assessed correspondent associated risk factors. A cross-sectional study was carried out with 203 individuals performing serological tests for anti-C. burnetii and anti-HIV antibodies. A prevalence of 14.8% (30/203) was found for anti-C. burnetii IgG antibodies, with titers ranging from 64 to 1024, while anti-HIV seroprevalence was 6.4% (13/203). No statistical association was found between C. burnetii and HIV seropositivity, or between seropositivity and assessed clinical and epidemiological variables. The findings herein highlight the high homelessness exposure to Q fever, possibly influenced by environmental factors such as dust aerosols, stray animal interactions and unsanitary living conditions. To the authors knowledge, this is the first serosurvey of C. burnetii in persons experiencing homelessness to date. The study herein has emphasized the importance of public health strategies targeting vulnerable populations, particularly in Brazilian major cities. Further C. burnetii surveys should be conducted to establish whether transmission may occur in other persons experiencing homelessness worldwide.

PMID:40754629 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-025-09422-z

Sci Rep. 2025 Aug 3;15(1):28324. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-10073-3.

ABSTRACT

The olm (Proteus anguinus), with a predicted maximum lifespan of more than 100 years, is the longest-lived amphibian, which in addition possesses a range of unique adaptations to its dark, subterranean cave habitat. To assess the underlying molecular signatures, we present the first comprehensive transcriptome of the olm. Our study provides gene expression data across six organs and comparative genomics analyses, accessible via an interactive web server: http://comp-pheno.de/olm . The data uncover significant organ-specific gene expression, with the brain showing the highest number of organ-specific expressed genes. Our findings reveal significantly more genes under strong negative selection than positive selection, particularly in brain-specific expressed genes. Processes under positive selection in the olm resemble those in other long-lived species.

PMID:40754627 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-025-10073-3

Sci Rep. 2025 Aug 3;15(1):28326. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-13733-6.

ABSTRACT

A growing body of literature supports the association between ambient particulate pollution and the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Both issues are particularly relevant in Italy. This study investigates the relationship between T2DM and exposure to PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ in Italian municipalities from 2013 to 2021. Data on T2DM were provided by the Italian Association of Diabetologists (AMD), representing the only national outpatient dataset not based on self-reported information. Air pollution data, sourced from the Italian Institute for Environmental Protection and Research, ISPRA, were summarized using the population-weighted exposure (PWE) indicator. Both datasets were made available through a dedicated research agreement. Random effects models and non-parametric methods were applied to assess the association between air pollution and T2DM. Results indicate a statistically significant relationship, particularly between T2DM and PM2.5. T2DM incidence rates were significantly negatively associated with time (coefficient = – 0.07961, p < 0.01), indicating a decreasing trend over time. After adjusting for other covariates, PM₁₀ population-weighted exposure was not significantly associated with incidence rates (coefficient = – 0.00057, p = 0.58). On the other hand, increases in the ratio of PM_2.5 to PM₁₀ (pwratio) were significantly positively associated with increases in T2DM incidence rates (coefficient = 0.52304, p < 0.01) at the municipal level. T2DM prevalence proportions were significantly positively associated with time (coefficient = 0.01749, p < 0.01), suggesting an increasing trend over time. PM₁₀ was significantly negatively associated with prevalence proportions (coefficient = – 0.00298, p = 0.03), while increases in pwratio were significantly positively associated with increases in prevalence proportions (coefficient = 0.18724, p < 0.01). Thus, municipalities with a higher share of PM_2.5 within the same level of PM₁₀, tended to show higher T2DM prevalence proportions and incidence rates, consistent with the spatial distribution of air pollution and disease burden observed across Italy.

PMID:40754624 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-025-13733-6

Sci Rep. 2025 Aug 3;15(1):28304. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-13087-z.

ABSTRACT

The efficient formulation of drilling fluids is critical for maintaining stability and performance in demanding wellbore environments. In this study, a novel nanocomposite material (TiO₂/Saponin/Zr) was synthesized and introduced into drilling fluid formulations to enhance rheological behavior, filtration control, and thermal stability. The synthesis involved sol-gel methods, FTIR, TGA, and SEM analyses, confirming the material’s successful functionalization and nanoscale structure. Rheological measurements demonstrated significant improvements in viscosity and shear stress with nanoparticle concentrations up to 500 ppm, where the optimal performance was achieved. Filtration tests revealed reductions in fluid loss by up to 50%, ensuring better wellbore stability. Statistical modeling with the Bingham Plastic and Herschel-Bulkley approaches revealed superior predictability for these nanocomposite-enhanced fluids. Overall, this innovative nanocomposite provides a promising avenue for addressing challenges in modern drilling operations, offering technical and operational benefits.

PMID:40754607 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-025-13087-z