Nevin Manimala

Turk Patoloji Derg. 2021 Sep 24. doi: 10.5146/tjpath.2021.01555. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Diffuse gliomas, the most common primary malignant brain tumors, have been classified by the World Health Organization as class II-IV gliomas. After 2016, two mutations in the promoter region of the telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) gene were identified in addition to the IDH, 1p / 19q, and ATRX status.

MATERIAL AND METHOD: We identified 84 patients with grade II-IV glioma with IDH, ATRX, 1p / 19q and TERT status. All tumor samples were subjected to molecular genetic screening (Sanger sequencing for IDH and TERT mutations, fluorescence in situ hybridization for 1p/19q status) after histological diagnosis (immunohistochemistry for IDH1 R132H, ATRX, and p53) for a more precise molecular diagnosis. The confidence intervals were calculated at the 95% confidence level, and differences at p < 0.05 were considered statistically significant.

RESULTS: Primary glioblastomas had the highest frequency of TERT promoter mutations (25 of 28, 89.2%, p=0.006) followed by oligodendrogliomas (29 of 35, 82.8%, p < 0.001) while astrocytomas showed the lowest frequency (3 of 15, 20%, p=0.107), and the positivity significantly differed among these three groups (p < 0.001). TERT promoter mutations were more frequent in patients older than 55 years of age at diagnosis (p=0.023). The group with TERT promoter mutations, and without IDH mutations showed the worst overall survival. However, the presence of both TERT promoter and IDH mutations, which resembled oligodendroglial progression, showed best overall survival (p=0.042).

CONCLUSION: The discovery of TERT promoter mutations in numerous gliomas has opened the door for a better molecular classification of gliomas, and TERT status is associated with survival. Further studies will help in elucidating the value of TERT promoter mutations as biomarkers in clinical practice, and eventual therapeutic targets.

PMID:34558656 | DOI:10.5146/tjpath.2021.01555

Nicotine Tob Res. 2021 Sep 24:ntab194. doi: 10.1093/ntr/ntab194. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Standardised packaging on tobacco products was required in Norway July 1, 2018. We report pre-registered analyses of the potential impact on daily smoking and on daily snus use among women and men.

METHODS: Interrupted time series (segmented regression) on repeated cross-sectional surveys (2012 to 2019) from two sources: probability samples (Registry Sample, N=46,957) and market research samples (Market Research Sample, N=64,465) of Norwegian adults aged 16 to 79. Self-reported daily smoking and snus use were regressed on a step change impact variable, controlled for trend and demographics (sex, age, region, and education based on national registers in the Registry Sample, and self-reported in the Market Research Sample).

RESULTS: There were tendencies of a decline in smoking (Odds Ratio [OR]=0.94; 95% confidence interval [CI]=0.87, 1.02; lower-tail p-value [Plower]=0.07), and women’s snus use (OR= 0.89; CI=0.77, 1.03; Plower=0.06), but not men’s snus use (OR=1.01; CI=0.92, 1.11; Plower=0.59). Analyses using only the Registry Sample did not detect declines in smoking (OR=0.99; CI=0.88, 1.11; Plower=0.43) or women’s snus use (OR=0.99; CI=0.80, 1.24]; Plower=0.48), and indicated no decline in men’s snus use (OR=1.18; CI=1.03, 1.35; Plower=0.99). Exploratory analyses suggested potential acceleration of the declining trend in smoking (change in trends, OR=0.97) and of the increasing trend in men’s snus use (OR=1.03).

CONCLUSIONS: The analyses indicate that standardised packaging in Norway did not produce a decline in men’s snus use. Results are inconclusive regarding smoking and women’s snus use. Exploratory analyses indicated a decrease in smoking and an increase in men’s snus use.

IMPLICATIONS: -We could not confirm or disconfirm whether standardised packaging is an effective tobacco control measure in a Norwegian context.-According to our analyses, standardized packaging may have effects on smoking prevalence and women’s snus use, but is unlikely to reduce men’s snus use.-The present results may reflect higher effectiveness of standardised packaging for products with stronger health warnings.-As the results varied according to samples and outcomes, the study underlines the importance of pre-registering future analyses on this topic.-Future confirmatory research should test models of gradual impact of standardised packaging.

PMID:34558626 | DOI:10.1093/ntr/ntab194

Eur Heart J Qual Care Clin Outcomes. 2021 Sep 24:qcab068. doi: 10.1093/ehjqcco/qcab068. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

AIMS: The PRECISE-DAPT score is recommended by guidelines for predicting out-of-hospital bleeding in patients after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). However, the long-term prognostic value of the PRECISE-DAPT score in patients after PCI remains unclear.

METHODS AND RESULTS: We performed a prospective study of 10,724 patients who underwent PCI throughout 2013 in Fuwai hospital. The bleeding endpoint was Bleeding Academic Research Consortium 2, 3, or 5 bleeding. The ischaemic endpoints were all-cause death and major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCE). After a 5-year follow-up, 10,109 patients were finally analysed. A total of 415 (4.11%) patients experienced bleeding, 364 (3.60%) experienced all-cause death, and 2049 (20.27%) had MACCE. Using Cox regression, the risk of bleeding (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.721, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.180-2.511, P = 0.005), MACCE (HR: 1.607, 95% CI: 1.347-1.917, P < 0.001), and all-cause-death (HR: 3.902, 95% CI: 2.916-5.221, P < 0.001) in patients with a high score were significantly higher than those in patients with a low score. The PRECISE-DAPT score showed prognostic value for 5-year events of bleeding (C statistic: 0.566, 95% CI: 0.537-0.594), MACCE (C statistic: 0.540, 95% CI: 0.527-0.553), and all-cause-death (C statistic: 0.673, 95% CI: 0.644-0.702).

CONCLUSION: After 5 years of follow-up, the PRECISE-DAPT score has a statistically significant predictive value for long-term bleeding events in Chinese PCI population, and also had some prognostic value for death and MACCE.

PMID:34558620 | DOI:10.1093/ehjqcco/qcab068

Food Funct. 2021 Sep 24. doi: 10.1039/d1fo02033a. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Despite the high human interindividual variability in response to (poly)phenol consumption, the cause-and-effect relationship between some dietary (poly)phenols (flavanols and olive oil phenolics) and health effects (endothelial function and prevention of LDL oxidation, respectively) has been well established. Most of the variables affecting this interindividual variability have been identified (food matrix, gut microbiota, single-nucleotide-polymorphisms, etc.). However, the final drivers for the health effects of (poly)phenol consumption have not been fully identified. At least partially, these drivers could be (i) the (poly)phenols ingested that exert their effect in the gastrointestinal tract, (ii) the bioavailable metabolites that exert their effects systemically and/or (iii) the gut microbial ecology associated with (poly)phenol metabolism (i.e., gut microbiota-associated metabotypes). However, statistical associations between health effects and the occurrence of circulating and/or excreted metabolites, as well as cross-sectional studies that correlate gut microbial ecologies and health, do not prove a causal role unequivocally. We provide a critical overview and perspective on the possible main drivers of the effects of (poly)phenols on human health and suggest possible actions to identify the putative actors responsible for the effects.

PMID:34558584 | DOI:10.1039/d1fo02033a

Analyst. 2021 Sep 24. doi: 10.1039/d1an90083h. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Correction for ‘Spatiotemporal distribution and speciation of silver nanoparticles in the healing wound’ by Marco Roman et al., Analyst, 2020, 145, 6456-6469, DOI: 10.1039/D0AN00607F.

PMID:34558571 | DOI:10.1039/d1an90083h

NPJ Breast Cancer. 2021 Sep 23;7(1):128. doi: 10.1038/s41523-021-00332-7.

ABSTRACT

The vast majority of studies investigating immune checkpoint inhibition (ICI) in patients with breast cancer have focused on triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). In this study, we compared the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) between TNBC and hormone receptor-negative HER2-positive breast cancer based on a selection of immune markers at the protein level in an institutional retrospective series. Additionally, we performed a similar comparison using publicly available transcriptomics data. Altogether, the results show a comparable TIME in both groups, with possible implications for the use of ICI in patients with hormone receptor-negative HER2-positive breast tumors.

PMID:34556657 | DOI:10.1038/s41523-021-00332-7

Med Sci Monit. 2021 Sep 24;27:e932724. doi: 10.12659/MSM.932724.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND This retrospective study from a single center aimed to compare patient outcomes following TiRobot-assisted sacroiliac screw fixation and bone grafting with traditional screw fixation without bone grafting in 33 patients with unstable osteoporotic sacral fracture (UOSF). MATERIAL AND METHODS Patients with UOSF were included and divided into 2 groups: a TiRobot-assisted surgical group with 18 patients (robot-aided sacroiliac screw fixation and bone grafting) and a standard surgical group with 15 patients (free-hand screw fixation without bone grafting). T values of bone mineral density (BMD) £-2.5 standard deviation (SD) were diagnosed as osteoporosis. Screw positioning and fracture healing time were evaluated. Functional outcomes were investigated at the final follow-up. RESULTS There were no statistically significant differences in screw positioning; however, there were satisfactory positioning rates in 94.4% (17/18) of patients in the TiRobot-assisted surgical group and 73.3% (11/15) in the standard surgical group. The advantages with TiRobot on surgical time of screw placement, fluoroscopy frequency, and total drilling times were noted (P=0.000). The nonunion rates were 5.6% (1/18) in the TiRobot-assisted surgical group and 33.3% (5/15) in the standard group (P=0.039). Healing time in the union cases had a significant difference (P=0.031). Functional outcome scores in the TiRobot-assisted surgical group were superior to that in the standard group (P=0.014). CONCLUSIONS The findings showed that TiRobot-assisted sacroiliac screw fixation and bone grafting was a safe and effective surgical treatment option that had a reduced radiation dose and improved fracture healing, when compared with standard screw fixation without bone grafting.

PMID:34556623 | DOI:10.12659/MSM.932724

Korean J Orthod. 2021 Sep 25;51(5):355-362. doi: 10.4041/kjod.2021.51.5.355.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to establish the prevalence and patterns of nonsyndromic tooth agenesis in patients referred to a tertiary health care facility.

METHODS: The intraoral records and panoramic radiographs of 9,874 patients aged 12-22 years were evaluated. The study group included 716 patients (371 male, 345 female) with non-syndromic agenesis of at least one tooth (except the third molars). The study data were assessed using descriptive statistics, chisquare test, and Mann-Whitney U test, while patterns were evaluated using a tooth agenesis code (TAC) tool.

RESULTS: A total of 1,627 congenitally missing teeth, were found in patients with non-syndromic tooth agenesis, with an average of 2.27 missing teeth per patient. The prevalence of tooth agenesis was 7.25%, and the most commonly missing teeth were the left mandibular second premolars (10.17%). The age group comparison revealed no significant difference in the median number of missing teeth per patient according to the cutoff values for ages between 12 and 22 years. When the missing teeth were examined separately according to quadrants, 114 different tooth agenesis patterns (upper right quadrant = 28, upper left quadrant = 27, lower left quadrant = 31, and lower right quadrant = 28) were identified, and 81 of these patterns appeared only once.

CONCLUSIONS: This study highlights the benefits of applying the TAC tool in a large sample population. The application of the TAC tool in such studies will enable the development of template treatment plans by determining homogenous patterns of tooth agenesis in certain populations.

PMID:34556590 | DOI:10.4041/kjod.2021.51.5.355

Korean J Orthod. 2021 Sep 25;51(5):346-354. doi: 10.4041/kjod.2021.51.5.346.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To compare the effectiveness of ibuprofen, acetaminophen, and chewing gum for orthodontic pain relief and to assess if chewing gum can be a non-pharmacological alternative for orthodontic pain relief.

METHODS: The study enrolled 106 patients of both sexes, aged ≥ 12 years, with body weight > 50 kg, and mild-to-moderate dental crowding in the upper arch. After randomization and allocation concealment, the intervention groups were either administered with ibuprofen (400 mg) or acetaminophen (500 mg) or chewed sugar-free chewing gum immediately after initial archwire placement and every 6 hours for 1 week if the pain persisted. The control group did not receive any pain relief. The pain was assessed on a 100-mm visual analog scale at rest and while biting down at T1 (2 hours), T2 (24 hours), T3 (2 days), T4 (3 days), T5 (7 days), and T6 (21 days). Statistical analyses were performed using the Kruskal-Wallis and post-hoc Mann-Whitney U tests (α = 0.05).

RESULTS: The chewing gum group experienced more pain relief than the ibuprofen group at while biting down at T3 (p = 0.04) and at rest at T4 (p < 0.001). The chewing gum group reported more pain relief than the acetaminophen and control groups while biting down at T3 (p = 0.03 and p = 0.0006, respectively) and T4 (both p < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS: Chewing gum can be a non-pharmacological alternative for orthodontic pain relief at 2 and 3 days after initial archwire placement.

PMID:34556589 | DOI:10.4041/kjod.2021.51.5.346

Korean J Orthod. 2021 Sep 25;51(5):337-345. doi: 10.4041/kjod.2021.51.5.337.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the phenotypes and predominant skeletodental pattern in pre-adolescent patients with Pierre-Robin sequence (PRS).

METHODS: The samples consisted of 26 Korean pre-adolescent PRS patients (11 boys and 15 girls; mean age at the investigation, 9.20 years) treated at the Department of Orthodontics, Seoul National University Dental Hospital between 1998 and 2019. Dental phenotypes, oral manifestation, cephalometric variables, and associated anomalies were investigated and statistically analyzed.

RESULTS: Congenitally missing teeth (CMT) were found in 34.6% of the patients (n = 9/26, 20 teeth, 2.22 teeth per patient) with 55.5% (n = 5/9) exhibiting bilaterally symmetric missing pattern. The mandibular incisors were the most common CMT (n = 11/20). Predominant skeletodental patterns included Class II relationship (57.7%), posteriorly positioned maxilla (76.9%) and mandible (92.3%), hyper-divergent pattern (92.3%), high gonial angle (65.4%), small mandibular body length to anterior cranial base ratio (65.4%), linguoversion of the maxillary incisors (76.9%), and linguoversion of the mandibular incisors (80.8%). Incomplete cleft palate (CP) of hard palate with complete CP of soft palate (61.5%) was the most frequently observed, followed by complete CP of hard and soft palate (19.2%) and CP of soft palate (19.2%) (p < 0.05). However, CP severity did not show a significant correlation with any cephalometric variables except incisor mandibular plane angle (p < 0.05). Five craniofacial and 15 extra-craniofacial anomalies were observed (53.8% patients); this implicated the need of routine screening.

CONCLUSIONS: The results might provide primary data for individualized diagnosis and treatment planning for pre-adolescent PRS patients despite a single institution-based data.

PMID:34556588 | DOI:10.4041/kjod.2021.51.5.337