Nevin Manimala

Cancer Med. 2025 Mar;14(5):e70722. doi: 10.1002/cam4.70722.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND/PURPOSE OF THE STUDY: The treatment landscape for very early to intermediate stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is rapidly evolving, with new data and treatments emerging in recent years. There is a lack of data on current patterns of management for very early to intermediate stage HCC in Australian clinical practice and the role of newly emerging treatment options.

METHODS: Multidisciplinary specialists involved in HCC management (N = 86) participated in one of six state-based meetings across Australia. Specialists were surveyed on their preferred management approaches at key clinical decision points for four patient case studies ranging from very early to intermediate stage HCC.

RESULTS: Preferred management strategies for each of the patient case studies were largely consistent with current Australian HCC recommendations in relation to surveillance, diagnosis, and treatment of HCC although the preferred initial treatment selection varied considerably within and between hepatologists and other craft groups. There was, however, growing interest in emerging treatments, including stereotactic ablative body radiotherapy (SABR) for early stage HCC and systemic treatments used as adjuvant therapy or in combination with locoregional therapy in early and intermediate-stage HCC. However, many participants required more data on these treatment modalities before incorporating them into routine clinical practice.

CONCLUSION: The heterogeneity of (very) early to intermediate-stage HCC patients and the increasing number of available treatment options means clinical decision-making, including treatment selection, is becoming more complex and diverse. More data are required to define the role of SABR and systemic therapies in very early to intermediate stage HCC before being adopted as standard of care in Australia.

PMID:40018806 | DOI:10.1002/cam4.70722

Cancer Med. 2025 Mar;14(5):e70660. doi: 10.1002/cam4.70660.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The cancer journey from diagnosis through survivorship is complex and involves care from many healthcare providers across a variety of settings. Navigating the transitions between care providers and settings can be improved through interventions. The objective of this study was to map and characterize evidence on interventions to improve transitions in care among patients with cancer.

METHOD: Six databases were searched to identify relevant studies that described or evaluated interventions to support transitions in care for patients with cancer. Data on the interventions, the type of transition in care, type of cancer, and outcomes (including measure of effectiveness) were abstracted. Data were synthesized and analyzed using descriptive statistics.

RESULT: Of the 38,876 data sources identified, 150 were included. Most included studies were from the United States and were observational studies exploring interventions to facilitate the transition from treatment to survivorship (followed by interventions for the transition from hospital to home) among patients with breast cancer (followed by gastrointestinal cancers, lung cancers, and hematologic cancers). Interventions that were found to be effective were most commonly those that facilitated the transition from diagnosis to treatment and for the transition from hospital to home.

CONCLUSION: This comprehensive synthesis is an important resource for those trying to improve transitions in care for patients living with and beyond cancer. Despite the large body of evidence identified, gaps remain; there is a paucity of studies exploring transitions in care during cancer treatment and among some cancers (e.g., brain tumors, head and neck, pancreatic).

PMID:40018786 | DOI:10.1002/cam4.70660

Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2025 Feb;43(2):290-299. doi: 10.55563/clinexprheumatol/kcdmct. Epub 2025 Feb 26.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate causes of death in the single-centre Polish cohort of patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM) and to identify risk factors associated with fatal outcomes.

METHODS: Electronic medical database was retrospectively analysed, data on the clinical symptoms, serological profiles, administered treatment and outcomes in IIM patients were collected. Two subgroups were distinguished – the deceased and the survived group. Statistical analysis was performed to identify differences between the subgroups and risk factors contributing to fatal outcomes.

RESULTS: 79 patients with IIM were identified, most frequently with antisynthetase syndrome, dermatomyositis and polymyositis. Among them 9 patients (11.39%) deceased. The mean age at the time of diagnosis was 57.10 ± 14,59years old. Median diagnostic delay reached 5 months. The majority of the deaths (77.78%) occurred within the first 18 months after IIM diagnosis. As compared to the survivors, patients with fatal outcomes were more frequently affected by cardiac involvement (p=0.026), suffered from concomitant autoimmune disorders (p=0.028) were treated with mycophenolate mofetil (p=0.005) and cyclophosphamide (p=0.006). 89.89% of all deaths in our cohort were caused by various infections, predominantly of the respiratory tract. Although 10.13% of the patients had a history of malignancy, none of the deaths was caused by malignancy.

CONCLUSIONS: Patients with IIM associated with cardiac involvement and concomitant autoimmune diseases may be at higher risk of fatal outcomes. Infections were the predominant cause of death in our cohort of patients. The majority of fatal outcomes occurred at the relatively early stage of the disease.

PMID:40018745 | DOI:10.55563/clinexprheumatol/kcdmct

J Indian Soc Periodontol. 2024 Jul-Aug;28(4):449-455. doi: 10.4103/jisp.jisp_275_23. Epub 2025 Jan 6.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Mandibular canal visibility (MCV) is important to determine the relative position of the mandibular canal (MC) before any invasive surgery. It depends on the cortication ratio (CR) of the canal’s superior border. This study aimed to evaluate the MCV and CR in patients with mandibular cortical index 1 (MCI1).

MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this retrospective study, 132 mandibular cone-beam computed tomography images of patients with MCI1 were evaluated. 6-point rating MCV score and CR were determined for cross-sections of the MC in the following areas: incisive canal (INC), mental foramen and canal (MF), first premolar to the third molar (1PM, 2PM, 1M, 2M, and 3M), and the corresponding edentulous areas (E1PM-E3M). 1PM was overlapped with MF in most cases. An MCV score1 (excellent visibility) and 2PM area were considered reference levels.

RESULTS: Sex and age did not significantly affect the MCV score or CR (P > 0.05). 98.6% of the INC and 92.31%-100% of the MC were visible. The mean ± SD of the CR in the INC and MC was 0.86 (0.23) and 0.77 (0.29), respectively. The estimated difference in the mean CR was statistically significant only between the INC area and dentulous areas (P < 0.001).

CONCLUSION: Despite the higher presence probability of score 2 in the 1M relative to 2PM, there was no significant decrease in the visible cases and CR of this area. Invisible cases were significantly lower in the INC, MF, and 3M areas.

PMID:40018724 | PMC:PMC11864344 | DOI:10.4103/jisp.jisp_275_23

J Indian Soc Periodontol. 2024 Jul-Aug;28(4):431-435. doi: 10.4103/jisp.jisp_6_24. Epub 2025 Jan 6.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Various guided tissue regenerative procedures have been used in treatment of furcation defects. A combination of various graft materials and barrier membranes have been used over a period of time. The present study was designed to test whether autologous platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) can be effectively used as a barrier membrane along with porous hydroxyapatite (HA) bone graft in the treatment of Grade II furcation defects.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: The present study was a split-mouth design, in which a total of thirty patients with bilateral grade II furcation defects in the mandibular molars were selected. On the control side, the furcation defect was treated using only HA bone graft and in the test side, the furcation defect was treated using a combination of HA bone graft and PRF as barrier membrane. The clinical and radiological parameters were recorded presurgically, postsurgical at 3 and 6 months, respectively, and the results were statistically analyzed and compared.

RESULTS: The furcation defects treated in the test side showed better healing and bone fill when compared to control side. The clinical parameters of the test and control sides when compared were found to be statistically significant.

CONCLUSION: PRF can be effectively used as barrier membrane along with a graft material thus enhancing the regenerative potential of the graft material while regenerating the lost periodontal tissue in Grade II furcation defects.

PMID:40018720 | PMC:PMC11864329 | DOI:10.4103/jisp.jisp_6_24

J Indian Soc Periodontol. 2024 Jul-Aug;28(4):461-467. doi: 10.4103/jisp.jisp_399_23. Epub 2025 Jan 6.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Good oral hygiene is a critical component of overall oral health. Various methods have developed over time to assess oral hygiene status. In 1960, Greene and Vermillion introduced the Oral Hygiene Index (OHI), which assessed debris and calculus on 12 tooth surfaces. In 1964, they proposed a Simplified Oral Hygiene Index (OHI-S), which evaluated only 6 surfaces of six index teeth. The authors recommended the OHI-S due to its faster clinical assessments but concluded that it was less sensitive than the OHI despite both indices being sufficiently sensitive. In 1987, Garg S introduced the Modified Oral Hygiene Index (OHI-M), which provides a more comprehensive evaluation by assessing debris and calculus on the facial (buccal/labial), oral (palatal/lingual), and specifically occlusal surfaces of each fully erupted permanent tooth. The OHI-M is a reliable and sensitive method for accurately evaluating oral hygiene status.

AIM: This study aims to comparatively evaluate oral hygiene status using OHI, OHI-S, and OHI-M and revalidate the OHI-M.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: 221 patients (119 males and 102 females) were randomly selected through simple random sampling. A single investigator performed the scoring. The sample size was determined based on a 95% confidence level. The collected data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics, and Pearson’s correlation test was employed to assess the correlations.

RESULTS: The mean and standard deviation of the OHI-M were found to be the lowest (2.55 ± 0.82) compared to the OHI (7.13 ± 1.79) and OHI-S (3.23 ± 0.99). It indicates that the variation in OHI-M values is smaller than that in OHI and OHI-S. Positive correlations were observed among the three indices, with a statistically significant result (P < 0.001).

CONCLUSION: The OHI-M is found to be the most sensitive scoring method for evaluating oral hygiene status compared to the OHI and OHI-S. These results further confirm the validity of OHI-M.

PMID:40018718 | PMC:PMC11864336 | DOI:10.4103/jisp.jisp_399_23

J Indian Soc Periodontol. 2024 Jul-Aug;28(4):436-442. doi: 10.4103/jisp.jisp_112_23. Epub 2025 Jan 6.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Partial extraction technique is a method of immediate implant placement, wherein the segment of root is retained in the socket to establish a continuous blood supply and prevent resorption of buccal bundle bone. This study was designed to compare and evaluate implant stability and esthetics by partial extraction therapy (PET) and immediate implant placement in the maxillary anterior region.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 10 sites were included in the study and divided into two groups; the test group (PET) and the control group (immediate implant). The primary parameters assessed were implant stability, evaluated immediately, 3^rd month and at 6^th month; pink esthetic (PE) score, evaluated immediately, 3^rd month and at 6^th month; and cone-beam computed tomography for evaluating ridge width postoperatively and at the end of 6 months. The secondary parameters such as the Visual Analog Scale were assessed at the end of 24 h of surgical procedure; the sulcular bleeding index was evaluated at the 3^rd month and 6^th month; peri-implant probing depth was evaluated at the end of the 3^rd month and 6^th month.

RESULTS: At the end of the 6^th month, the test group (PET) showed improvement in implant stability, PEs, and ridge width than the control group (immediate implant placement). However, the difference was not statistically significant.

CONCLUSION: Implant placement by PET, serves as a dependable technique for preserving and maintaining alveolar bone and PEs as the retained root fragment within the socket prevents buccal bundle bone from resorption.

PMID:40018712 | PMC:PMC11864327 | DOI:10.4103/jisp.jisp_112_23

J Indian Soc Periodontol. 2024 Jul-Aug;28(4):456-460. doi: 10.4103/jisp.jisp_365_23. Epub 2025 Jan 6.

ABSTRACT

AIM: The aim of this observational study was to assess the periodontal and salivary status of patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM).

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty patients were divided into a test group (DM1G – T1DM, n = 15) and a control group (CG – normoglycemic, n = 15). Periodontal clinical parameters were evaluated using probing depth (PD), bleeding on probing (BOP), clinical attachment level (CAL), and plaque index (PI). Salivary tests assessed pH, buffering capacity, salivary glucose, and peroxidase activity. Capillary blood glucose was recorded for all patients, and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) was measured only for patients with T1DM. Statistical analysis was performed using Student’s t-test and Pearson’s correlation coefficient (P < 0.05).

RESULTS: The results showed significantly higher PI and BOP values in DM1G (P < 0.01). Positive correlations were found between HbA1c, PI, and BOP (P < 0.01). Capillary blood glucose levels differed between groups (P < 0.01). Positive correlations between capillary blood glucose, PD, and CAL were found only in the CG (P < 0.01). No significant differences were observed between the groups for salivary parameters (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS: Patients with T1DM exhibit poorer periodontal conditions compared to normoglycemic individuals, although no significant differences were found in salivary parameters between the two groups.

PMID:40018711 | PMC:PMC11864328 | DOI:10.4103/jisp.jisp_365_23

J Oral Biol Craniofac Res. 2025 Mar-Apr;15(2):240-245. doi: 10.1016/j.jobcr.2025.01.014. Epub 2025 Feb 10.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: With rising life expectancy, partial edentulism has increased, particularly in developing nations where economic constraints, limited awareness, and inadequate dental care exacerbate the burden on aging populations. Patients with fewer than 20 teeth often experience a reduction in Oral Health-Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL), emphasizing the need for effective tooth replacement. Removable partial dentures (RPDs) are versatile, cost-effective solutions for partial tooth loss, including metal clasp-retained RPDs (MC-RPDs), thermoplastic resin RPDs (TR-RPDs), and cast partial dentures (CPDs).

METHODS: This study evaluates the oral health-related quality of life, patient satisfaction, and cost-effectiveness of these three RPD types. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 42 participants, divided into three groups: MC-RPD, TR-RPD, and CPD, each with 14 patients. The Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14) and Satisfaction Questionnaire (SAT) were administered at baseline and three months post-denture delivery. The study adhered to Consolidated Health Economic Evaluation Reporting Standards.

RESULTS: Results showed significant differences in OHIP scores between the groups, with CPD offering the highest quality of life, followed by TR-RPD, and MC-RPD. Post-treatment, the mean OHIP scores for MC-RPD, TR-RPD, and CPD were 30.57 ± 4.09, 20.71 ± 4.03, and 22.36 ± 2.92, respectively, with CPD showing the greatest improvement. Patient satisfaction was highest for CPD, followed by TR-RPD, and least for MC-RPD. However, satisfaction differences between the groups were not statistically significant after three months.

CONCLUSION: This study highlights the superior performance of CPDs in enhancing OHRQoL and patient satisfaction, though their higher cost may limit accessibility. These findings provide valuable insights for dental practitioners and patients in selecting the most suitable and cost-effective RPD treatment options.

PMID:40018667 | PMC:PMC11867513 | DOI:10.1016/j.jobcr.2025.01.014

Biol Psychiatry Glob Open Sci. 2025 Jan 15;5(1):100425. doi: 10.1016/j.bpsgos.2024.100425. eCollection 2025 Jan.

NO ABSTRACT

PMID:40018658 | PMC:PMC11867123 | DOI:10.1016/j.bpsgos.2024.100425