Nevin Manimala

J Nurs Manag. 2021 Feb 27. doi: 10.1111/jonm.13295. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

AIM: To measure nurses’ turnover intention and identify associated factors in general hospitals in China.

BACKGROUND: Understanding nurses’ turnover intention is important to retain nurses, but factors associated with turnover intention require elucidation.

METHOD: A cross-sectional survey was conducted across 23 hospitals in China to investigate nurses’ (N=12,291) turnover intention and its associated factors. Associated factors were explored by univariate and multilevel multiple logistic regression analysis.

RESULTS: The mean total score for nurses’ turnover intention was 13.97±3.63. High proactive personality score, a seriously ill family member, experience of negative workplace events, high work pressure, and high work-family conflict increased the risk for turnover intention. A low turnover intention was associated with being a non-local resident nurse, position title, high salary level, good person-organization fit and person-group fit, and high family-work facilitation.

CONCLUSION: Nurses with a proactive personality, heavy family care burden, experience of negative workplace events, no position title, and a low salary may merit special consideration.

IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT: Nurses’ personality traits should be further focused on, and it is important to build a nurse-oriented organization atmosphere, including protecting nurses from workplace violence, establishing friendly relationships with their families, expanding career paths.

PMID:33639014 | DOI:10.1111/jonm.13295

J Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs. 2021 Feb 27. doi: 10.1111/jpm.12747. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Quantitative studies exploring trauma-informed care (TIC) attitudes have not used samples made up exclusively of mental health nurses (MHNs). Qualitative methods were sparingly used.

AIM: To examine nurses’ TIC attitudes at a psychiatric hospital.

METHOD: A mixed-method design was used. 136 MHNs completed the Attitudes Related to Trauma-Informed Care scale. Data were analysed using inferential statistics. A focus group interview among ten MHNs ensued. Thematic analysis was used.

RESULTS: MHNs demonstrated favourable TIC attitudes. Ambivalent attitudes for the subscale ‘Causes’ were identified. MHNs employed for less than 5 years at the hospital and those in acute settings displayed more favourable attitudes on some subscales. Three themes ‘Awareness’, ‘Unhealthy boundaries’ and ‘Inhibition’ emerged from qualitative analysis.

DISCUSSION: Challenges uncovered in the provision of TIC include the unacknowledged impact of trauma on challenging behaviour among MHNS, the influence of blurred professional boundaries with long-term clients on the cycle of perpetuated trauma identified by previous research and MHNs work-related traumas.

IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: Identified challenges to TIC integration among MHNs can facilitate implementation of TIC in hospitals. TIC educational packages for MHNs should acknowledge traumatic histories in the aetiology of challenging behaviour and stress the importance of maintaining professional boundaries with clients.

PMID:33639009 | DOI:10.1111/jpm.12747

G3 (Bethesda). 2021 Feb 26:jkab056. doi: 10.1093/g3journal/jkab056. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Quantitative trait loci (QTL) hotspots (genomic locations enriched in QTL) are a common and notable feature when collecting many QTL for various traits in many areas of biological studies. The QTL hotspots are important and attractive since they are highly informative and may harbor genes for the quantitative traits. So far, the current statistical methods for QTL hotspot detection use either the individual-level data from the genetical genomics experiments or the summarized data from public QTL databases to proceed with the detection analysis. These methods may suffer from the problems of ignoring the correlation structure among traits, neglecting the magnitude of LOD scores for the QTL, or paying a very high computational cost, which often lead to detection of excessive spurious hotspots, failure to discover biologically interesting hotspots composed of a small to moderate number of QTL with strong LOD scores, and computational intractability, respectively, during the detection process. In this article, we describe a statistical framework that can handle both types of data as well as address all the problems at a time for QTL hotspot detection. Our statistical framework directly operates on the QTL matrix and hence has a very cheap computational cost, and is deployed to take advantage of the QTL mapping results for assisting the detection analysis. Two special devices, trait grouping and top γn,α profile, are introduced into the framework. The trait grouping attempts to group the traits controlled by closely linked or pleiotropic QTL together into the same trait groups, and randomly allocate these QTL together across the genomic positions separately by trait group to account for the correlation structure among traits, so as to have the ability to obtain much stricter thresholds and dismiss spurious hotspots. The top γn,α profile is designed to outline the LOD-score pattern of QTL in a hotspot across the different hotspot architectures, so that it can serve to identify and characterize the types of QTL hotspots with varying sizes and LOD-score distributions. Real examples, numerical analysis and simulation study are performed to validate our statistical framework, investigate the detection properties, and also compare with the current methods in QTL hotspot detection. The results demonstrate that the proposed statistical framework can effectively accommodate the correlation structure among traits, identify the types of hotspots and still keep the notable features of easy implementation and fast computation for practical QTL hotspot detection.

PMID:33638985 | DOI:10.1093/g3journal/jkab056

Genome Biol Evol. 2021 Feb 26:evab039. doi: 10.1093/gbe/evab039. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Detecting natural selection signals in admixed populations can be problematic since the source of the signal typically dates back prior to the admixture event. On one hand, it is now possible to study various source populations before a particular admixture thanks to the developments in ancient DNA (aDNA) in the last decade. However, aDNA availability is limited to certain geographical regions and the sample sizes and quality of the data might not be sufficient for selection analysis in many cases. In this study, we explore possible ways to improve detection of pre-admixture signals in admixed populations using a local ancestry inference approach. We used masked haplotypes for population branch statistic (PBS) and full haplotypes constructed following our approach from Yelmen et al. 2019 for cross population extended haplotype homozygosity (XP-EHH), utilizing forward simulations to test the power of our analysis. The PBS results on simulated data showed that using masked haplotypes obtained from ancestry deconvolution instead of the admixed population might improve detection quality. On the other hand, XP-EHH results using the admixed population were better compared to the local ancestry method. We additionally report correlation for XP-EHH scores between source and admixed populations, suggesting that haplotype-based approaches must be used cautiously for recently admixed populations. Additionally, we performed PBS on real South Asian populations masked with local ancestry deconvolution and report here the first possible selection signals on the autochthonous South Asian component of contemporary South Asian populations.

PMID:33638983 | DOI:10.1093/gbe/evab039

Psychiatr Danub. 2021 Feb;33(Suppl 1):29-32.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Use of EMDR in work with addicts is described mainly through case studies, and Hase, Schallmayer and Sack (2008) examined experimentally effect of EMDR in the treatment of alcohol addicts and found a significant decrease of cravings for addicts who had , next to the standard treatment, also EMDR therapy, compared to a group that had only standard treatment. To examine efficiency of EMDR therapy in the treatment of opiates addicts.

SUBJECTS AND METHODS: In research is applied group experimental scheme with a control group and measurement before and after treatment and six months after treatment. The control group had standard treatment, and the experimental group had a standard treatment plus EMDR treatment, ie, four sessions of EMDR treatment. The session lasts 60 minutes. In the research following instruments were applied: Pompidou, DUDIT-E, LDQ, OCDS, DASS 21 Rosenberg’s Self-Esteem Scale. In the processing of preliminary results, descriptive statistics is used.

RESULTS: The research began on September 8, 2017. Until October 2018, 24 participants were included. Results of measurements for 20 participants were presented (10 from the control and 10 from the experimental group). In abstract is used CravEx Michal Hase protocol. The results indicate a higher number of visits to the therapeutic community in the experimental group, increase of self-esteem in both groups but a larger range in the experimental group, a higher self-evaluation of addiction in an experimental group, decrease in PAS attractiveness for both groups but slightly better results in the experimental group, especially in the self-assessment of the negative effects of PAS, as well as a larger increase in the motivational index of the experimental group at another measurement.

CONCLUSION: Preliminary results indicate the effects of EMDR use, but since measures of descriptive statistics were used and as a small sample, there should be caution with the results.

PMID:33638954

Endocr Connect. 2021 Feb 1:EC-21-0030.R1. doi: 10.1530/EC-21-0030. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: The usefulness of routine calcitonin measurement for early detection of medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) in patients with nodular thyroid disease (NTD) has been investigated in various studies. Recently, a Cochrane review has been published on this issue, but a meta-analysis is lacking yet. Therefore, we performed this meta-analysis.

METHODS: We performed an electronic search using PubMed/Medline, Embase and the Cochrane Library. Studies assessing the diagnostic accuracy of routine calcitonin measurement for detecting MTC in patients with NDT were selected. Statistics were performed by using Stata software, risk of bias was assessed using Review Manager version 5.3.

RESULTS: 17 studies, involving 74,407 patients were included in the study. Meta-analysis, using the bivariate random effects model and the hierarchical summary receiver operating characteristic (HSROC) curve revealed the following pooled estimates: sensitivity 0.99 (95% CI, 0.81-1.00), specificity 0.99 (95% CI, 0.97-0.99), positive likelihood ratio (L+) 72.4 (95% CI, 32.3-162.1), and negative likelihood ratio (L-) 0.01 (95% CI, 0.00-0.23). Meta-regression analysis showed that the threshold of basal calcitonin is an independent factor, but in particular performing of stimulation test is not an independent factor.

CONCLUSIONS: We showed that routine basal serum calcitonin measurement in the management of patients with thyroid nodules is valuable for the detection of MTC. However, the published cut-off values should be considered and, if applicable, the patients monitored in a wait-and-see strategy by experienced physicians to avoid overtreatment.

PMID:33638941 | DOI:10.1530/EC-21-0030

Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2021 Feb 27. doi: 10.1111/sms.13945. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

This study aimed to establish the association and differences in a diversity of cognitive domains according to cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), muscular fitness (MF), and speed-agility fitness (S-AF) level in a large sample of Chilean schoolchildren. 1,171 Chilean schoolchildren aged 10-14 years participated. CRF, MF, and S-AF were assessed through the ALPHA-fitness test battery. Cognition was evaluated through the NeuroCognitive Performance Test, which involved eight tests related to four main domains: cognitive flexibility (CF), working memory (WM), inhibitory control (IC), and intelligence (IN). Both global (multivariate) and individual (univariate) analyses were performed to determine the differences in cognitive functioning according to low, middle, and high fitness level. The global analyses showed a significant main effect for CRF (F_{(16, 940)} =3.08, p≤0.001) and MF groups (F_{(16, 953)} =2.30, p=0.002), but not for S-AF (F_{(16, 948)} =1.37, p=0.105). CRF shows a significant main effect in seven of eight tests, involving CF, WM, IC, and IN domains; whereas MF shows a significant main effect in five of eight tests without association with IN. SA-F shows a significant main effect only with IC. Statistical differences were found between the low- and middle/high-fitness groups but not between the middle- and high-fitness groups. At a global level, both CRF and MF seems to be associated with a higher cognitive profile in scholars; however, at an individual level, all fitness components show a favourable relationship to some cognitive domine. Then, future cognitive developing strategies should consider all fitness components, prioritizing those low-fitness schoolchildren.

PMID:33638920 | DOI:10.1111/sms.13945

FASEB J. 2021 Mar;35(3):e21307. doi: 10.1096/fj.202002017R.

ABSTRACT

Airway exposure to eg particulate matter is associated with cardiovascular disease including atherosclerosis. Acute phase genes, especially Serum Amyloid A3 (Saa3), are highly expressed in the lung following pulmonary exposure to particles. We aimed to investigate whether the human acute phase protein SAA (a homolog to mouse SAA3) accelerated atherosclerotic plaque progression in Apolipoprotein E knockout (ApoE^-/- ) mice. Mice were intratracheally (i.t.) instilled with vehicle (phosphate buffered saline) or 2 µg human SAA once a week for 10 weeks. Plaque progression was assessed in the aorta using noninvasive ultrasound imaging of the aorta arch as well as by en face analysis. Additionally, lipid peroxidation, SAA3, and cholesterol were measured in plasma, inflammation was determined in lung, and mRNA levels of the acute phase genes Saa1 and Saa3 were measured in the liver and lung, respectively. Repeated i.t. instillation with SAA caused a significant progression in the atherosclerotic plaques in the aorta (1.5-fold). Concomitantly, SAA caused a statistically significant increase in neutrophils in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (625-fold), in pulmonary Saa3 (196-fold), in systemic SAA3 (1.8-fold) and malondialdehyde levels (1.14-fold), indicating acute phase response (APR), inflammation and oxidative stress. Finally, pulmonary exposure to SAA significantly decreased the plasma levels of very low-density lipoproteins – low-density lipoproteins and total cholesterol, possibly due to lipids being sequestered in macrophages or foam cells in the arterial wall. Combined these results indicate the importance of the pulmonary APR and SAA3 for plaque progression.

PMID:33638910 | DOI:10.1096/fj.202002017R

J Clin Pharm Ther. 2021 Feb 27. doi: 10.1111/jcpt.13392. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

WHAT IS KNOWN AND OBJECTIVE: Edaravone is a new antioxidant and hydroxyl radical scavenger. Although there is evidence that it improves clinical outcomes of patients with acute ischaemic stroke (AIS), it is not yet widely accepted for treatment of AIS in Western countries. We further investigated the efficacy and safety of edaravone through this meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs).

METHOD: Pubmed, Embase, Web of Science and Cochrane Library were screened up to December 2020 for original articles from SCI journals that published in English. RCTs that compared edaravone versus placebo or no intervention in adult patients and reported the efficacy or safety of edaravone were regarded as eligible. Mortality was regarded as the primary outcome and the improvement of neurological impairment was regarded as the secondary outcome. Safety evaluation was conducted according to the incidence of adverse events. Review Manager 5.3 was employed to perform the assessment of the risk of bias and data synthesis. The Cochrane risk of bias tool for randomized controlled trials was employed to assess the risk of bias.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Seven randomized controlled trials with 2069 patients were included. For the incidence of mortality, the pooled RR for studies that evaluated edaravone after three-month follow-up was 0.55 (95% Cl, 0.43-0.7, I² = 0, P < 0.01). The pooled RR for improvement of neurological impairment at the three months follow-up was 1.54 (95% CI, 1.27-1.87, I² = 0, P < 0.01) in four RCTs. On subgroup analysis of studies that were conducted in Asia, the RR was 1.56 (95% CI, 1.27-1.90, I² = 0%; P < 0.01); the pooled RR for studies that conducted in Europe was 1.32 (95% CI, 0.64-2.72; P = 0.45); the pooled RR for studies that used edaravone for two weeks was 1.42 (95% CI, 1.10 to 1.83, I² = 0%; P < 0.01); the pooled RR for studies that used edaravone for one week was 1.64 (95% CI, 1.24-2.16, I² = 0%; P < 0.01); the pooled RR for studies that conducted in patients with mean age equal to or over 60 years was 1.52 (95% CI, 1.24-1.87, I² = 0%; P < 0.01); and the pooled RR for studies that conducted in patients with mean age less than 60 was 1.80 (95% CI, 1.05-3.08, I² = 0%; P = 0.03). For the incidence of any treatment-related adverse events, the pooled RR for studies that evaluated edaravone during treatment was 0.83 (95% CI, 0.51-1.34, I² = 0, P = 0.43). The difference of the incidence of any treatment-related adverse events between two groups was not statistically significant.

WHAT IS NEW AND CONCLUSION: The limited studies indicate that edaravone can improve neurological impairment with a survival benefit at three-month follow-up, regardless of the mean age and course of treatment. It is worthy of promotion in the clinical treatment of AIS in Asian countries. More well-designed RCTs with larger sample sizes are needed to determine the benefits of edaravone in patients from Western countries.

PMID:33638896 | DOI:10.1111/jcpt.13392

BJOG. 2021 Feb 27. doi: 10.1111/1471-0528.16683. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Preeclampsia (PE) is a pregnancy-associated condition with complex disease mechanisms and a risk factor for various long-term health outcomes for the mother and infant.

OBJECTIVE: To summarize evidence on the association of PE with long-term health outcomes arising in women and/or infants.

SEARCH STRATEGY: PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus and ISI Web of Science were searched from inception to July 2020.

SELECTION CRITERIA: Systematic reviews and meta-analyses examining associations between PE and long-term health outcomes in women and their infants.

DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Data were extracted by two independent reviewers. We re-estimated the summary effect size by random-effects and fixed-effects models, the 95% confidence interval, the 95% prediction interval, the between-study heterogeneity, any evidence of small-study effects and excess significance bias.

RESULTS: Twenty-one articles included (90 associations). Seventy-nine associations had nominally statistically significant findings (P<0.05). Sixty-five associations had large or very large heterogeneity. Evidence for small-study effects and excess-significance bias was found in 7 and 2 associations, respectively. Nine associations: Cerebrovascular disease (cohort studies), Cerebrovascular disease (overall), Cardiac disease (cohort studies), dyslipidaemia (all studies), Risk of death (late-onset PE), Fatal and non-fatal ischaemic heart disease, Cardiovascular mortality (cohort studies), Any diabetes or use of diabetic medication (unadjusted), Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) (adjusted) were supported with robust evidence.

CONCLUSION: Many of meta-analyses in this research field have caveats casting doubts on their validity. Current evidence suggests an increased risk for women to develop cardiovascular-related diseases, diabetes, and dyslipidaemia after PE, while offspring exposed to PE are at higher risk for ADHD.

PMID:33638891 | DOI:10.1111/1471-0528.16683