Nevin Manimala

Dent J (Basel). 2022 Jul 5;10(7):126. doi: 10.3390/dj10070126.

ABSTRACT

AIM: The present paper aims to systematize data concerning the prevalence and risk of dental erosion (DE) in adult patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) compared to controls.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Core electronic databases, i.e., MEDLINE/PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane, Google Scholar, and the Russian Science Citation Index (RSCI), were searched for studies assessing the prevalence and risk of DE in adult GERD patients with publication dates ranging from 1 January 1985 to 20 January 2022. Publications with detailed descriptive statistics (the total sample size of patients with GERD, the total sample size of controls (if available), the number of patients with DE in the sample of GERD patients, the number of patients with DE in the controls (if available)) were selected for the final analysis.

RESULTS: The final analysis included 28 studies involving 4379 people (2309 GERD patients and 2070 control subjects). The pooled prevalence of DE was 51.524% (95 CI: 39.742-63.221) in GERD patients and 21.351% (95 CI: 9.234-36.807) in controls. An association was found between the presence of DE and GERD using the random-effects model (OR 5.000, 95% CI: 2.995-8.345; I² = 79.78%) compared with controls. When analyzing studies that only used validated instrumental methods for diagnosing GERD, alongside validated DE criteria (studies that did not specify the methodologies used were excluded), a significant association between the presence of DE and GERD was revealed (OR 5.586, 95% CI: 2.311-13.503; I² = 85.14%).

CONCLUSION: The meta-analysis demonstrated that DE is quite often associated with GERD and is observed in about half of patients with this extremely common disease of the upper gastrointestinal tract.

PMID:35877400 | DOI:10.3390/dj10070126

Dent J (Basel). 2022 Jul 4;10(7):123. doi: 10.3390/dj10070123.

ABSTRACT

The purpose of the present study was to examine the impact of scanning strategy on trueness and precision of the impression acquired from an intraoral scanner. Fifteen complete-arch, mandibular, post-orthodontic treatment casts were scanned with a laboratory scanner (Identica SE 3D, Medit) as the gold standard, and with an intraoral scanner (i500 Medit) following three different paths of the scanning head over the arch (scanning strategies A, B, and C). The hand scans were performed twice by one examiner and repeated by a second examiner, resulting in 180 triangular mesh surfaces (digital casts). The meshes were superimposed on the gold standards using the Viewbox 4 software. The closest distances between the meshes were computed and trueness and precision were evaluated using a General Linear Model. An interaction was found among the examiner and strategy. The accuracy of complete-arch impressions was affected by the scanning strategy; the manufacturer’s recommended strategy (A) was statistically significantly better (p < 0.05) than B and C, which were similar. An average accuracy below 50 μm, which is clinically acceptable in most orthodontic procedures, was achieved with all the examined scanning strategies.

PMID:35877397 | DOI:10.3390/dj10070123

Dent J (Basel). 2022 Jul 1;10(7):119. doi: 10.3390/dj10070119.

ABSTRACT

The aim of this cross-sectional study was to evaluate the status of laser use and training in the U.S. and Canadian graduate periodontology programs. A survey questionnaire was sent electronically to 55 periodontology program directors in North America. The questions focused on laser implementation, types of lasers used, for which procedures lasers were used, and level of education/clinical training provided to residents. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Fisher’s exact test. Twenty-two directors responded (40%). Most programs (86%) used lasers and 89% used a diode laser. Laser treatment was the most used for periimplantitis (84%). Fifteen programs (79%) provided didactic and clinical training, with 47% programs giving 4-12 h of didactic training. In 53% of programs, residents completed 4 to10 procedures. Only 29% of programs had residents who had received a certification in lasers, with most (80%) programs requiring between 1-9 cases for certification. Of the participants not providing laser training, the major barrier was indicated as being “expense”, with 68.7% reporting plans to implement laser education. Conclusions: Most graduate periodontics programs were providing laser training and treatment. There was great variability regarding the training methods, specifically in number of dedicated laser courses, time allocated for laser training, and prerequisites for laser certification.

PMID:35877393 | DOI:10.3390/dj10070119

Dent J (Basel). 2022 Jun 22;10(7):115. doi: 10.3390/dj10070115.

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study was to evaluate the color stability of esthetic ceramic brackets and adhesive samples after immersion in most commonly consumed beverages. A hundred ceramic brackets from five different manufacturers (Forestadent^®, G&H^®, GC, DynaFlex^®, and American Orthodontics) and 120 samples of adhesives (3M™Transbond™ XT and American Orthodontics BracePaste^® color change adhesive and BracePaste^® adhesive) were immersed into four different solutions: coffee, Coca-Cola^®, the vitamin drink Cedevita^®, and artificial saliva (control group). The samples were kept in an incubator at 37 °C. Color readings were evaluated before (T0), at 24 h (T1), 72 h (T3), 7 days (T4), and 14 days (T5) after initial immersion using a spectrophotometer according to the L*a*b* color scale. All the examined brackets showed a statistically significant difference in discoloration (p = 0.001). 20/40™ Brackets (American Orthodontics) showed the best color stability, while the greatest color modification was recognized in QuicKlear^® III (Forestadent^®) brackets. Regarding adhesives, the greatest staining was observed in the BracePaste^® color change adhesive and the least in the Transbond™ XT samples. In conclusion, color change occurs in all solutions, including control groups, and coffee has the greatest impact on color stability.

PMID:35877389 | DOI:10.3390/dj10070115

Bioengineering (Basel). 2022 Jul 12;9(7):308. doi: 10.3390/bioengineering9070308.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been introduced as a potential option for peri-implantitis treatment. The aim of this study is to evaluate the antimicrobial effect of a novel technique involving a combination of 445 nm diode laser light with 0.1% riboflavin solution (used as a photosensitizing dye) as applied on a bacterial-fungal biofilm formed on implants and to compare the performance of this technique with that of the commonly used combination of 660 nm diode laser with 0.1% methylene blue dye.

METHODS: An in vitro study was conducted on 80 titanium dental implants contaminated with Staphylococcus aureus (SA) and Candida albicans (CA) species. The implants were randomly divided into four groups: negative control (NC), without surface treatment; positive control (PC), treated with a 0.2% chlorhexidine (CHX)-based solution; PDT1, 660 nm (EasyTip 320 µm, 200 mW, Q power = 100 mW, 124.34 W/cm², 1240 J/cm²) with a 0.1% methylene blue dye; and PDT2, 445 nm (EasyTip 320 µm, 200 mW, Q power = 100 mW, 100 Hz, 124.34 W/cm², 1.24 J/cm²) with a 0.1% riboflavin dye.

RESULTS: The PDT1 and PDT2 groups showed greater reduction of SA and CA in comparison to the NC group and no significant differences in comparison to the PC group. No statistically significant differences between the PDT1 and PDT2 groups were observed.

CONCLUSIONS: A novel antimicrobial treatment involving a combination of 445 nm diode laser light with riboflavin solution showed efficiency in reducing SA and CA biofilm formation on dental implant surfaces comparable to those of the more commonly used PDT treatment consisting of 660 nm diode laser light with methylene blue dye or 0.2% CHX treatment.

PMID:35877359 | DOI:10.3390/bioengineering9070308

Bioengineering (Basel). 2022 Jul 8;9(7):301. doi: 10.3390/bioengineering9070301.

ABSTRACT

The effect of heel elevation on the barbell squat remains controversial, and further exploration of muscle activity might help find additional evidence. Therefore, 20 healthy adult participants (10 males and 10 females) were recruited for this study to analyze the effects of heel height on lower extremity kinematics, kinetics, and muscle activity using the OpenSim individualized musculoskeletal model. One-way repeated measures ANOVA was used for statistical analysis. The results showed that when the heel was raised, the participant’s ankle dorsiflexion angle significantly decreased, and the percentage of ankle work was increased (p < 0.05). In addition, there was a significant increase in activation of the vastus lateralis, biceps femoris, and gastrocnemius muscles and a decrease in muscle activation of the anterior tibialis muscle (p < 0.05). An increase in knee moments and work done and a reduction in hip work were observed in male subjects (p < 0.05). In conclusion, heel raises affect lower extremity kinematics and kinetics during the barbell squat and alter the distribution of muscle activation and biomechanical loading of the joints in the lower extremity of participants to some extent, and there were gender differences in the results.

PMID:35877352 | DOI:10.3390/bioengineering9070301

Bioengineering (Basel). 2022 Jun 30;9(7):293. doi: 10.3390/bioengineering9070293.

ABSTRACT

SPM is a statistical method of analysis of time-varying human movement gait signal, depending on the random field theory (RFT). MovementRx is our inhouse-developed decision-support system that depends on SPM1D Python implementation of the SPM (spm1d.org). We present the potential application of MovementRx in the prediction of increased joint forces with the possibility to predispose to osteoarthritis in a sample of post-surgical Transtibial Amputation (TTA) patients who were ambulant in the community. We captured the three-dimensional movement profile of 12 males with TTA and studied them using MovementRx, employing the SPM1D Python library to quantify the deviation(s) they have from our corresponding reference data, using “Hotelling 2” and “T test 2” statistics for the 3D movement vectors of the 3 main lower limb joints (hip, knee, and ankle) and their nine respective components (3 joints × 3 dimensions), respectively. MovementRx results visually demonstrated a clear distinction in the biomechanical recordings between TTA patients and a reference set of normal people (ABILITY data project), and variability within the TTA patients’ group enabled identification of those with an increased risk of developing osteoarthritis in the future. We conclude that MovementRx is a potential tool to detect increased specific joint forces with the ability to identify TTA survivors who may be at risk for osteoarthritis.

PMID:35877344 | DOI:10.3390/bioengineering9070293

Exp Biol Med (Maywood). 2022 Jul 23:15353702221110648. doi: 10.1177/15353702221110648. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a multifactorial disorder that leads to alterations in gene regulation. ncRNAs have the characteristics of tissue specificity, disease specificity, timing specificity, high stability and post transcriptional regulation effect. These preconditions are more conducive to promote ncRNA to become a new biomarker for clinical diagnosis. Our study aims to explore the relationship between circRNA, lncRNA, miRNA and T2DM, and to evaluate their diagnostic value for T2DM. A total of 101 pairs of T2DM and controls were conducted in the study. QRT-PCR was used to study the differential expression of circRNAs, miRNAs and lncRNAs. ROC curve was used to estimate their diagnostic value in T2DM. Compared with healthy controls, the expression levels of hsa_circ_0071106, hsa_circ_0000284, hsa_circ_0071271, hsa-miR-29a-5p, hsa-miR-3690, hsa-miR-607, lncRNA MEG3 and lncRNA TUG1were higher in T2DM (all P < 0.05). The AUCs of hsa_circ_0071106, hsa-miR-607 and lncRNA TUG1 for diagnosis of T2DM were 0.563,0.645 and 0.642, respectively. The combined AUC of hsa-miR-607, lncRNA TUG1 and hsa_circ_0071106 was 0.798 ([0.720~0.875], P < 0.001). Moreover, the sensitivity of combined diagnosis was 75.2% and the specificity was 100.0%. The levels of lncRNA TUG1, hsa-miR-607 and hsa_circ_0071106 in peripheral blood have potential clinical diagnostic value for T2DM.

PMID:35876150 | DOI:10.1177/15353702221110648

J Diabetes Sci Technol. 2022 Jul 25:19322968221113341. doi: 10.1177/19322968221113341. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The increased use of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) and automated insulin delivery systems raises the question about therapeutic targets for glucose profiles in people with diabetes. This study aimed to assess averaged pre- and postprandial glucose profiles in people without diabetes to provide guidance for normal glucose patterns in clinical practice. For that, number and timing of meal intake were predefined.

MATERIAL AND METHODS: To assess glucose traces in 36 participants without diabetes (mean age = 23.7 ± 5.7 years), CGM was performed for up to 14 days, starting with a run-in phase (first 3 days, excluded from analysis) followed by 4 days with fixed meal times at 8:00 am, 1:00 pm, and 6:00 pm and the remaining 7 days spent under everyday life conditions. Data from two simultaneously worn CGM sensors were averaged and adjusted to capillary plasma-equivalent glucose values. Glucose data were evaluated through descriptive statistics.

RESULTS: Median glucose concentration on days with fixed meal times and under everyday life conditions was 95.0 mg/dL (91.6-99.1 mg/dL, interquartile range) and 98.1 mg/dL (93.7-100.8 mg/dL), respectively. On days with fixed meal times, mean premeal glucose was 92.8 ± 9.4 mg/dL, and mean peak postmeal glucose was 143.3 ± 23.5 mg/dL.

CONCLUSIONS: By defining the time of meal intake, a clear pattern of distinct postprandial glucose excursions in participants without diabetes could be demonstrated and analyzed. The presented glucose profiles might be helpful as an estimate for adequate clinical targets in people with diabetes.

PMID:35876145 | DOI:10.1177/19322968221113341

Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2022 Jul 23. doi: 10.1164/rccm.202207-1273LE. Online ahead of print.

NO ABSTRACT

PMID:35876144 | DOI:10.1164/rccm.202207-1273LE