Nevin Manimala

Dermatol Ther. 2022 Jan 29:e15340. doi: 10.1111/dth.15340. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Follicular Unit Excision (FUE) which is a newer hair transplant procedure was thought to be only usable in limited areas at the beginning. However, it is the most preferred technique these days. It is known transection rates have decreased with punch technology (and experience) over the years. We analyzed the data from so-so many male patients who underwent hair transplantation by FUE method at our clinic retrospectively to elucidate how the development of punch technology affected the number of total grafts and FU containing multiple hairs. Between the years 2011 and 2020, male hair transplant patients operated with the FUE method at the author’s dermatology clinic, was investigated retrospectively. Overall 1415 cases were included in the study. Total graft numbers and 1 to 4 hair FUs were calculated. There was a statistically significant difference in terms of number of total grafts, one hair follicular unit (I FU) three hair follicular unit (III FU) distributions according to operation year and punch type (p < 0.05). The serrated punch resulted in a significant increase in the numbers of total grafts and the trumpet punch resulted in a significant increase in the number of 3FU grafts Our study has shown that hair yield has been increased with new punch technologies. With an increasing hair yield by the aid of evolving punch technology, hair transplantation with the FUE method has become the first choice for hair transplantation preferred by both doctors and patients.

PMID:35092124 | DOI:10.1111/dth.15340

Suicide Life Threat Behav. 2022 Jan 28. doi: 10.1111/sltb.12834. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Increasing suicide rates across the United States are disproportionate among populations most impacted by mass incarceration. We sought to determine if incarceration is associated with risk of suicide and firearm suicide after release from prison.

METHODS: Using a population-based Washington cohort from Department of Corrections and vital statistics administrative records 1990-2017, individuals were compared to the sex-, age-, and race-matched population of Washington using Poisson regression. Among previously incarcerated individuals, we included incarceration history characteristics to calculate sub-hazard ratios using Cox proportional-hazards models.

RESULTS: Of 140,281 individuals released from prison, 484 died by suicide. Suicide risk was 62% higher among previously incarcerated individuals compared with the general population (RR: 1.62; 95% CI: 1.46-1.79). Suicide risk was higher among individuals convicted of firearm-involved crimes (RR: 2.27; 95% CI: 1.79-2.89). Individuals released prior to age 18 had substantially higher risk of firearm suicide than those whose first release occurred between ages 18-24 (sHR: 11.91; 95% CI: 4.30-32.96).

CONCLUSION: Our findings highlight the need for improved mental health resources and lethal means safety in this population. Mental health and substance use treatment have been proposed as effective alternatives to incarceration-continuing to study their impacts may reveal additional benefits of reducing suicide.

PMID:35092087 | DOI:10.1111/sltb.12834

Hepatology. 2022 Jan 28. doi: 10.1002/hep.32371. Online ahead of print.

NO ABSTRACT

PMID:35092078 | DOI:10.1002/hep.32371

Am J Ind Med. 2022 Jan 28. doi: 10.1002/ajim.23327. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Little is known about the work-related injury and illness risk of out-of-province workers. This study examines whether there are differences in work-related injury and illness claim rates between within-province and out-of-province workers in British Columbia (BC), Canada.

METHODS: Workers’ compensation claim data for injuries and illnesses in BC from 2010 to 2017 were linked with denominator data from Statistics Canada. Multivariable negative binomial regression estimated the claim rate ratio (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for out-of-province workers with all, health care-only (HCO), short-term disability, long-term disability, and fatality (SLF), and serious injury (SI) claims, compared to within-province workers.

RESULTS: Compared to within-province workers, out-of-province workers had a lower total claim rate (RR: 0.54, 95% CI: 0.52-0.57), adjusting for sex, age, industry sector, and year. Differences in rates differed by claim type, with the largest differences for HCO claims (RR: 0.49, 95% CI: 0.47-0.52) and smallest differences for SI claims (RR: 0.85, 95% CI: 0.78-0.92). Sex-stratified models showed larger differences for males than females, with older female out-of-province workers having elevated SI claim rates. Industry-specific models showed that, even in sectors with high proportions of out-of-province workers’ claims, these workers have lower claim rates than within-province workers.

CONCLUSIONS: Out-of-province workers generally have lower claim rates than within-province workers. The overall duration of work exposure, and underreporting or underclaiming, are factors that may explain these lower claim rates. Understanding the determinants and differences of these claim rates may improve the administration and adjudication of claims while also identifying where further prevention measures may be merited.

PMID:35092041 | DOI:10.1002/ajim.23327

Stat Med. 2022 Jan 28. doi: 10.1002/sim.9325. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

We propose a modified self-controlled case series (SCCS) method to handle both event-dependent exposures and high event-related mortality. This development is motivated by an epidemiological study undertaken in France to quantify potential risks of cardiovascular events associated with COVID-19 vaccines. Event-dependence of vaccinations, and high event-related mortality, are likely to arise in other SCCS studies of COVID-19 vaccine safety. Using this case study and simulations to broaden its scope, we explore these features and the biases they may generate, implement the modified SCCS model, illustrate some of the properties of this model, and develop a new test for presence of a dose effect. The model we propose has wider application, notably when the event of interest is death.

PMID:35092037 | DOI:10.1002/sim.9325

Risk Anal. 2022 Jan 28. doi: 10.1111/risa.13891. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

The formulation of risk acceptance criteria may be coupled gainfully with a prediction of the of investment required to comply with it, an exercise which can benefit from the application of socioeconomic indicators. The Life Quality Index (LQI) is one such indicator which amalgamates human mortality and wealth creation and places an implicit economic value on reduction of life risk. While there have been a number of studies to demonstrate the application of LQI pertaining to various technological systems, the present work extends it to estimate the sectoral level investment needed to reduce public risks to within the As Low As Reasonably Predictable region for the chemical industry, with specific illustration of the methodology for India. The potential reduction in public individual risk is computed as a function of percentage increase in safety investment expressed as a fraction of the industry’s contribution to the nation’s GDP. In addition, using a new, more accurate expression, estimates of a related parameter, the implied cost of averting a fatality (ICAF), are obtained for a number of developed economies and India. The ICAF estimates show reasonable agreement with the value of statistical life (VSL), a parameter which is integral to cost-benefit analysis of safety and environmental regulations.

PMID:35092034 | DOI:10.1111/risa.13891

Biotechnol Bioeng. 2022 Jan 28. doi: 10.1002/bit.28045. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Is it possible to find trends between the parameters that define microbial growth to help us explain the vast microbial diversity? Through an extensive database of kinetic parameters of nitrifiers, we analysed if the dominance of specific populations of nitrifiers could be predicted and explained. We concluded that, in general, higher growth yield (Y_XS ) and ammonia affinity (a⁰_NH3 ) and lower growth rate (µ_max ) are observed for ammonia-oxidising archaea (AOA) than bacteria (AOB), which would explain their considered dominance in oligotrophic environments. However, comammox (CMX), with the maximum energy harvest per mole of ammonia, and some AOB, have higher a⁰_NH3 and lower µ_max than some AOA. Although we were able to correlate the presence of specific terminal oxidases with observed oxygen affinities (a⁰_O2 ) for nitrite-oxidising bacteria (NOB), that correlation was not observed for AOB. Moreover, the presumed dominance of AOB over NOB in O₂ -limiting environments is discussed. Additionally, lower statistical variance of a⁰_O2 values than for ammonia and nitrite affinities was observed, suggesting nitrogen limitation as a stronger selective pressure. Overall, specific growth strategies within nitrifying groups were not identified through the reported kinetic parameters, which might suggest that mostly, fundamental differences in biochemistry are responsible for underlying kinetic parameters. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

PMID:35092010 | DOI:10.1002/bit.28045

Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2022 Jan 28. doi: 10.1111/aogs.14296. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: A revised intrapartum cardiotocography (CTG) classification was introduced in Sweden in 2017. The aims of the revision were to adapt to the international guideline published in 2015 and to adjust the classification of CTG patterns to current evidence regarding intrapartum fetal physiology. This study aimed to investigate adverse neonatal outcomes before and after implementation of the revised CTG classification.

MATERIAL AND METHODS: A before-and-after design was used. Cohort I (n = 160 210) included births from June 1, 2014 through May 31, 2016 using the former CTG classification, and cohort II (n = 166 558) included births from June 1, 2018 through May 31, 2020 with the revised classification. Data were collected from the Swedish Pregnancy and Neonatal Registers. The primary outcome was moderate to severe neonatal hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE 2-3). Secondary outcomes were birth acidemia (umbilical artery pH <7.05 and base excess < -12 mmol/L or pH <7.00), A-criteria for neonatal hypothermia treatment, 5-min Apgar scores <4 and <7, neonatal seizures, meconium aspiration, neonatal mortality and delivery mode. Logistic regression was used (period II vs period I), and results are presented as adjusted odds ratios (aORs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs).

RESULTS: There were no statistically significant differences in HIE 2-3 (aOR 1.27; 95% CI 0.97-1.66), proportion of neonates meeting A-criteria for hypothermia treatment (aOR 0.96; 95% CI 0.89-1.04) or neonatal mortality (aOR 0.68; 95% CI 0.39-1.18) between the cohorts. Birth acidemia (aOR 1.36; 95% CI 1.25-1.48), 5-min Apgar scores <7 (aOR 1.27; 95% CI 1.18-1.36) and <4 (aOR 1.40; 95% CI 1.17-1.66) occurred more often in cohort II. The absolute risk difference for HIE 2-3 was 0.02% (95% CI 0.00-0.04). Operative delivery (vacuum or cesarean) rates were lower in cohort II (aOR 0.82; 95% CI 0.80-0.85 and aOR 0.94; 95% CI 0.91-0.97, respectively).

CONCLUSIONS: Although not statistically significant, a small increase in the incidence of HIE 2-3 after implementation of the revised CTG classification cannot be excluded. Operative deliveries were fewer but incidences of acidemia and low Apgar scores were higher in the latter cohort. This warrants further in-depth analyses before a full re-evaluation of the revised classification can be made.

PMID:35092004 | DOI:10.1111/aogs.14296

Radiol Phys Technol. 2022 Jan 29. doi: 10.1007/s12194-021-00648-w. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Dynamic chest radiography (DCR) identifies pulmonary impairments as decreased changes in radiographic lung density during respiration (Δpixel values), but not as scaled/standardized computed tomography (CT) values. Quantitative analysis correlated with CT values is beneficial for a better understanding of Δpixel values in DCR-based assessment of pulmonary function. The present study aimed to correlate Δpixel values from DCR with changes in CT values during respiration (ΔCT values) through a computer-based phantom study. A total of 20 four-dimensional computational phantoms during forced breathing were created to simulate both CT and projection images of the same virtual patients. The Δpixel and ΔCT values of the lung fields were correlated on a regression line, and the inclination was statistically evaluated to determine whether there were significant differences among physical types, sex, and breathing methods. The resulting conversion expression was also assessed in the DCR images of 37 patients. The resulting Δpixel values for 30/37 (81%) real patients, 6/7 (86%) normal controls, and 24/30 (80%) chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder patients were within the range of ΔCT values ± standard deviation (SD) reported in a previous study. In addition, no significant differences were detected for each condition of thoracic breathing, suggesting that the same regression line inclination values measured across the entire lung can be used for the conversion of Δpixel values, providing a quantitative analysis that can be correlated with ΔCT values. The developed conversion expression may be helpful for improving the understanding of respiratory changes using radiographic lung densities from DCR-based assessments of pulmonary function.

PMID:35091991 | DOI:10.1007/s12194-021-00648-w

Aging Clin Exp Res. 2022 Jan 29. doi: 10.1007/s40520-021-02030-7. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Parkinson’s disease (PD) represents the second most common neurodegenerative disease.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of dance therapy (DT) aimed at improving non-motor symptoms in PD.

METHODS: Studies were performed through PubMed, Web of Science, The Cochrane Library, Embase, and Science Direct from inception to October 27, 2021. The data were screened independently by two reviewers, and the quality of the papers was assessed using the Cochrane manual. The included studies were randomized controlled trials and quasi-randomized controlled trials, reporting random-effects standardized mean differences, and 95% confidence intervals as the effect size. I² statistics were used to assess heterogeneity. The main outcomes included the Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale (MOCA), Baker Depression Scale (BDI), Parkinson’s Fatigue Scale (FPS-16), and Apathy Scale (AS). RevMan 5.3 software was integrated for meta-analysis.

RESULTS: Nine literatures were analyzed for the meta-analysis with a total of 307 patients. Random effects showed that DT significantly improved cognitive of PD (MD = 1.50, 95% CI [0.52, 2.48], P = 0.0003; I² = 51%). However, this meta-analysis demonstrated that dance therapy had no significance for improving depression (MD = – 1.33, 95% CI [- 4.11, 1.45], P = 0.35; I² = 79%), fatigue (MD = 0.26, 95% CI [- 0.31, 0.83], P = 0.37; I² = 0%), and apathy (MD = 0.07, 95% CI [- 2.55, 2.69], P = 0.96; I² = 50%).

CONCLUSION: The meta-analysis suggests that dance can improve cognitive function in PD.

PMID:35091970 | DOI:10.1007/s40520-021-02030-7