Popul Health Metr. 2022 Jun 28;20(1):15. doi: 10.1186/s12963-022-00292-5.
NO ABSTRACT
PMID:35764959 | DOI:10.1186/s12963-022-00292-5
BMC Nurs. 2022 Jun 28;21(1):168. doi: 10.1186/s12912-022-00938-7.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Fever is a sign of illness in children and parents should receive educational interventions based on their needs to provide effective care for children. Simulation-based education provided by nurses for managing children’s fever can help improve the quality of parental care. Accordingly, this study aimed to explore the effectiveness of simulation-based education in the management of children’s fever by parents.
METHODS: This quasi-experimental study was conducted using a pretest-posttest design with two groups on 90 parents of children with fever who visited Afzalipour Teaching Hospital in Kerman, Iran. The participants were randomly divided into two groups. The members of the intervention group received simulation-based fever management education and the parents in the control group received routine interventions. A demographic information form and the Parental Fever Management Knowledge and Practice Scale were completed by the participants in both groups before and after the intervention. The collected data were analyzed with SPSS 21 at a significant level of 0.05 (P = 0.05).
RESULTS: The results of the study showed that there was a statistically significant difference between the mean scores of fever management knowledge in the intervention group before and after the intervention (30.51 ± 1.50 vs. 54.79 ± 2.55) (p < 0.05), while the control group showed no statistically significant difference before and after the intervention (29.81 ± 4.1 vs. 29.95 ± 2.80) (p > 0.05). Furthermore, there was a significant difference between the mean scores of fever management practice in the intervention group before and after the intervention (24.32 ± 0.89 vs. 37.51 ± 1.09) (p < 0.05). In contrast, the control group showed no statistically significant difference before and after the intervention (23.03 ± 0.90 vs. 21.98 ± 0.02) in terms of fever management practice (p > 0.05). The results of the independent samples t-test also showed that the mean scores of fever management knowledge and practice were not significantly different between the two groups before the intervention (p > 0.05) while there were significant intergroup differences after the intervention (p < 0.05).
CONCLUSION: The results of the study showed that simulation-based education was effective in improving the parents’ child fever management knowledge and practice. Accordingly, professional care teams can prepare simulation-based education packages to improve parental care at home for children’s fever management.
PMID:35764950 | DOI:10.1186/s12912-022-00938-7
BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2022 Jun 28;22(1):529. doi: 10.1186/s12884-022-04748-2.
ABSTRACT
The dominant model of childbirth in most Western countries is medicalized childbirth. Women’s beliefs about whether childbirth should be a medicalized process to a greater or lesser degree may be related, in addition to contextual factors, to internal factors. The objective of the study is to find out if women’s locus of control (LC) and stress coping strategies (CS) are related to having a more favourable or less favourable attitude towards medicalization (ATMC). A cross-sectional study was carried out with the participation of 248 women recruited in primary care centres by their midwives. All the women filled in answers on a mobile phone app with various different measurement instruments: the questionnaire created by Benyamini to evaluate their ATMC; the Spanish version of the Wallston MLC to evaluate their LC; and the Spanish adaptation of the “Revised Prenatal Coping Inventory (NuPCI)” scale for the assessment of their CS. The women presented a favourable attitude towards medicalization, with a mean ATMC score of 3.42. Both the LC and the CS of women during pregnancy are related to this attitude. Specifically, having an internal LC and using preparative CS both lower the probability of presenting a favourable attitude towards medicalization, while the lack of a paid job raises the probability. For each point in internal locus and preparatory coping, the ATMC score decreased by 0.02 and 0.23 points, respectively, while it increased by 0.18 for not having a paid job. The influence of these psychological factors must be taken into account in the development of content and interventions that promote a more natural birth.
PMID:35764947 | DOI:10.1186/s12884-022-04748-2
BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2022 Jun 28;22(1):522. doi: 10.1186/s12884-022-04828-3.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Type 3 fibroids are a special subtype of intramural fibroids that are likely to affect the pregnancy outcomes of assisted reproductive techniques. Hysteroscopic resection is a treatment for type 3 fibroids, but there has few study of its efficacy to date. In this study we evaluated the effect of hysteroscopic resection of type 3 fibroids on the pregnancy outcomes in infertile women.
METHODS: This retrospective case-control study was conducted from January 1, 2014 to June 30, 2021. Patients who underwent IVF-ICSI in our unit were divided into a type 3 fibroid group and a hysteroscopic myomectomy group. The inclusion criteria for the type 3 fibroid group and the hysteroscopic myomectomy group were as follows: 1) age ≤ 40 years; 2) fibroid diameter or total fibroid diameter > 2.0 cm. The following exclusion criteria were used: 1) oocyte donor treatment cycles and 2) presence of chromosomal abnormalities; 3) history of other uterine surgery; 4) presence of intracavitary lesions, including submucosal fibroids; 5) single fibroid > 5.0 cm; 6) cervical fibroids; 7) unclear ultrasound description of fibroids; 8) preimplantation genetic testing was performed and 9) congenital or acquired uterine malformations. The control group in our study was selected from patients who were treated with IVF only because of fallopian tube factors. According to the age of the type 3 fibroid group and hysteroscopic myomectomy group, random sampling was carried out in the patients between 25 and 47 years of age to determine a control group. The outcomes measured included the average transfer times to live birth, cumulative clinical pregnancy rate, and cumulative live birth rate.
RESULTS: A total of 302 cycles were enrolled in our study, including 125 cycles with type 3 fibroids, 122 cycles with hysteroscopic myomectomy, and 139 cycles of control patients. The average transfer times to live birth were significantly higher in the type 3 fibroid group than in the other two groups. The frequency of cumulative live births in the type 3 fibroid group was significantly lower than that in the control group. Compared with the control group, the hysteroscopic myomectomy patients had no statistically significant differences in the cumulative clinical pregnancy rate and cumulative live birth rate.
CONCLUSIONS: Type 3 fibroids significantly reduced the cumulative live birth rate of IVF patients. Ultrasound-guided hysteroscopic myomectomy can be used as a treatment for type 3 fibroids and could improve the pregnancy outcomes in infertile women.
PMID:35764945 | DOI:10.1186/s12884-022-04828-3
BMC Pediatr. 2022 Jun 29;22(1):377. doi: 10.1186/s12887-022-03445-5.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Double burden of malnutrition is a global problem posing a serious public health challenge especially in low- and middle-income countries including Ethiopia, where a high prevalence of under-nutrition continues to exist and overweight is increasing at an alarming rate. Although both under-nutrition and over-nutrition are investigated extensively in Ethiopia, evidence about the double burden of malnutrition especially at the individual level is very limited.
OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence of the co-existence of overweight/obesity and stunting and associated factors among under-five children in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia at an individual level.
METHODS: Institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted from May to June 2021 among 422 mothers to child pairs in Addis Ababa. Twenty-nine (30%) of the health centers in Addis Ababa were selected to take part in the study using a simple random sampling technique. The total sample size was allocated proportionally to each of the selected health centers based on their performances within 6 months prior to the study. A systematic random sampling method was used to select the study participants. An interviewer-administered structured questionnaire was used to collect data. Descriptive statistics and a hierarchical logistic regression model were used to characterize the study population and to identify factors that are associated with the outcome variable respectively. Odds ratio along with 95% CI were estimated to measure the strength of the association. The level of statistical significance was declared at a p-value less than 0.05.
RESULTS: The prevalence of the co-existence of overweight/obesity and stunting was 5.1% with 95% CI (2.9-7.1%). The hierarchical logistic regression analysis revealed that child age (6-23 months) [(AOR = 2.86, 95% CI: (1.02-8.04)], maternal education status (non-educated) [(AOR = 4.98, 95% CI: (1.33-18.66)], maternal age during birth (≥ 28 years) [(AOR = 0.22, 95% CI: (0.06-0.79)] and childbirth order (3+) [(AOR = 6.38, 95% CI: (1.03-39.7)] were significantly associated with the co-existence of overweight /obesity and stunting.
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS: The study revealed that the prevalence of the co-existence of overweight/obesity and stunting is low in Ethiopia. However, local and national nutrition policies and programs should be tailored and implemented to simultaneously address both under-nutrition and over-nutrition.
PMID:35764944 | DOI:10.1186/s12887-022-03445-5
BMC Genomics. 2022 Jun 28;23(1):476. doi: 10.1186/s12864-022-08690-7.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Multi-omics represent a promising link between phenotypes and genome variation. Few studies yet address their integration to understand genetic architecture and improve predictability.
RESULTS: Our study used 241 poplar genotypes, phenotyped in two common gardens, with xylem and cambium RNA sequenced at one site, yielding large phenotypic, genomic (SNP), and transcriptomic datasets. Prediction models for each trait were built separately for SNPs and transcripts, and compared to a third model integrated by concatenation of both omics. The advantage of integration varied across traits and, to understand such differences, an eQTL analysis was performed to characterize the interplay between the genome and transcriptome and classify the predicting features into cis or trans relationships. A strong, significant negative correlation was found between the change in predictability and the change in predictor ranking for trans eQTLs for traits evaluated in the site of transcriptomic sampling.
CONCLUSIONS: Consequently, beneficial integration happens when the redundancy of predictors is decreased, likely leaving the stage to other less prominent but complementary predictors. An additional gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis appeared to corroborate such statistical output. To our knowledge, this is a novel finding delineating a promising method to explore data integration.
PMID:35764918 | DOI:10.1186/s12864-022-08690-7
Pharmacoeconomics. 2022 Jun 29. doi: 10.1007/s40273-022-01161-7. Online ahead of print.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: High prices of anticancer medicines have increased the economic burden for both patients and health insurance systems. Since 2017, China has implemented national price negotiations for medicines, relying on evidence from health technology assessments. We aim to assess the relation between negotiated price and value of anticancer medicines listed in China’s National Reimbursement Drug List (NRDL).
METHODS: For all price-negotiated anticancer medicines and corresponding indications listed in the latest NRDL between 2017 and 2020, we collected their clinical outcomes data, including overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS), in supporting trials. Pearson correlation coefficient was calculated to estimate the association between the daily cost and clinical benefit of each indication.
RESULTS: In total, 75 indications of 46 branded anticancer medicines were included for analysis. The median daily costs for the anticancer therapies that had gone through negotiation in 2017-2020 were US$87.6, US$71.8, US$58.9, and US$39.7, respectively. For indications supported by randomized trials, no correlation between daily costs and OS and PFS benefit of the price-negotiated cancer therapies was observed (N = 41, r = -0.05, and N = 49, r = 0.04, respectively). For cancer indications newly listed in NRDL in 2020, the association between their daily cost and OS benefit was -0.78 (N = 4, p = 0.221) and 0.01 (N = 8, p = 0.986) before and after the price negotiation.
CONCLUSION: Though the negotiation policy decreased prices of anticancer medicines in China, no statistically significant correlation was observed between their daily costs and clinical benefits. A more transparent and credible pricing approach needs to be established to promote value-based anticancer medicines and healthcare system efficiency.
PMID:35764914 | DOI:10.1007/s40273-022-01161-7
Neurol Sci. 2022 Jun 29. doi: 10.1007/s10072-022-06233-2. Online ahead of print.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: Whether intravenous thrombolysis provides additional benefits before direct endovascular treatment (dEVT) in acute ischemic stroke remains unclear. We aimed to compare the functional and safety outcomes of dEVT to endovascular treatment with bridging using intravenous thrombolysis (BT) in acute ischemic stroke.
METHODS: This meta-analysis included currently available eligible randomized clinical trials (RCTs) by searching in the PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register, and the International Stroke Conference and European Stroke Organisation Conference posted abstracts.
RESULTS: The six included RCTs yielded 2334 participants (mean age, 69.8 years [SD, 11.4]; women, 44.3%; 1164 in dEVT group and 1170 in BT group). We found not significantly different 90-day functional outcomes of modified Rankin scale (mRS 0 – 2, odds ratio [OR] 0.93, 95%CI 0.79 – 1.09; mRS 0 – 1, OR 0.99, 95%CI 0.82 – 1.18), mortality (OR 1.08, 95%CI 0.86 – 1.35), and symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (OR 0.72, 95%CI 0.49 – 1.07) for patients in dEVT and BT group. Patients treated with dEVT were less likely to experience successful recanalization (OR 0.72, 95%CI 0.57 – 0.92, p = 0.009) and any intracranial hemorrhage (OR 0.81, 95%CI 0.68 – 0.97, p = 0.02). There were no significant differences regarding procedural complications between the two groups.
CONCLUSION: This meta-analysis showed no significant differences in 90-day functional outcomes or mortality between dEVT and BT, but a lower possibility of successful recanalization and intracranial hemorrhage for dEVT.
PMID:35764896 | DOI:10.1007/s10072-022-06233-2
JCI Insight. 2022 Jun 28:e159930. doi: 10.1172/jci.insight.159930. Online ahead of print.
ABSTRACT
Disrupted liver regeneration following hepatectomy represents an “undruggable” clinical challenge associated with poor patient outcomes. Yes-associated protein (YAP), a transcriptional co-activator which is repressed by the Hippo pathway, is instrumental in liver regeneration. We have previously described an alternative, Hippo-independent mechanism of YAP activation mediated by tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 11 (SHP2) inhibition. Herein, we examined the effects of YAP activation with a selective SHP1/SHP2 inhibitor, NSC-87877, on liver regeneration in murine partial hepatectomy models. In our studies, NSC-87877 led to accelerated hepatocyte proliferation, improved liver regeneration, and decreased markers of injury following partial hepatectomy. The effects of NSC-87877 were lost in mice with hepatocyte-specific Yap/Taz deletion, which demonstrated dependence on these molecules for the enhanced regenerative response. Furthermore, administration of NSC-87877 to murine models of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis was associated with improved survival and decreased markers of injury post-hepatectomy. Evaluation of transcriptomic changes in the context of NSC-87877 administration revealed reduction in fibrotic signaling and augmentation of cell cycle signaling. Cytoprotective changes included downregulation of Nr4a1, an apoptosis inducer. Collectively, the data suggest that SHP2 inhibition induces a pro-proliferative and cytoprotective enhancement of liver regeneration dependent on YAP.
PMID:35763355 | DOI:10.1172/jci.insight.159930
BMJ Open. 2021 Dec 30;11(12):e052922. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-052922.
ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Postpartum depression affects 10%-15% of women and has a recurrence rate of 40% in subsequent pregnancies. Women who develop postpartum depression are suspected to be more sensitive to the rapid and large fluctuations in sex steroid hormones, particularly estradiol, during pregnancy and postpartum. This trial aims to evaluate the preventive effect of 3 weeks transdermal estradiol treatment immediately postpartum on depressive episodes in women at high risk for developing postpartum depression.
METHODS AND ANALYSIS: The Maternal Mental Health Trial is a double-blind, randomised and placebo-controlled clinical trial. The trial involves three departments of obstetrics organised under Copenhagen University Hospital in Denmark. Women who are singleton pregnant with a history of perinatal depression are eligible to participate. Participants will be randomised to receive either transdermal estradiol patches (200 µg/day) or placebo patches for 3 weeks immediately postpartum. The primary outcome is clinical depression, according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-V criteria of Major Depressive Disorder with onset at any time between 0 and 6 months postpartum. Secondary outcomes include, but are not limited to, symptoms of depression postpartum, exclusive breastfeeding, cortisol dynamics, maternal distress sensitivity and cognitive function. The primary statistical analysis will be performed based on the intention-to-treat principle. With the inclusion of 220 participants and a 20% expected dropout rate, we anticipate 80% power to detect a 50% reduction in postpartum depressive episodes while controlling the type 1 error at 5%.
ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: The study protocol is approved by the Regional Committees on Health Research Ethics in the Capital Region of Denmark, the Danish Medicines Agency and the Centre for Data Protection Compliance in the Capital Region of Denmark. We will present results at scientific meetings and in peer-reviewed journals and in other formats to engage policymakers and the public.
TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT04685148.
PMID:35763351 | DOI:10.1136/bmjopen-2021-052922