Nevin Manimala

Zhongguo Yi Liao Qi Xie Za Zhi. 2021 Nov 30;45(6):645-649.

ABSTRACT

In order to solve the problem of continuous monitoring and automatic regulation of patient airbag pressure in intensive care unit, the study designed an intelligent management system of artificial airway airbag pressure. It can realize real-time monitoring and automatic control of airbag pressure. Its pressure data was sent to the PC in real time by the serial port. It can realize the display, store, review and analysis of pressure data. Its clinical application effect was discussed. Experiments showed that the system can monitor airbag pressure in real time and control the pressure to stabilize at 25~30 cmH₂O. Compared with the control group, the experimental group had a statistically significant difference in the operation time of monitoring patients’ airbag pressure, changes in airbag pressure, the instantaneous maximum value during nursing operation, and the number of aspiration and reflux cases. The clinical application of the system can reduce the workload of medical staff greatly, effectively reduce the number of patients with aspiration and reflux, reduce the incidence of ventilator pneumonia.

PMID:34862778

Zhongguo Yi Liao Qi Xie Za Zhi. 2021 Nov 30;45(6):628-635.

ABSTRACT

Combined with the clinical use condition of MR in use in Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital, MR components are divided into scanning type I and scanning type II. At the same time, combined with the main loss force of MR components, the research divides MR components into dynamic components and electric thermal components. In this study, a complete set of MR system reliability indexes and implementation methods are given, including system reliability index determination, system reliability allocation, component reliability index realization, system reliability prediction and system reliability verification. At the same time, this study also gives the methods of reliability prediction and reliability verification, and gives the MTBF calculation method of MR system based on clinical use data statistics.

PMID:34862775

Cancer Med. 2021 Dec 4. doi: 10.1002/cam4.4472. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: Protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type T (PTPRT), which is a well-known phosphatase and mutates frequently in melanoma and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Our research aims to elucidate its mutation association with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) efficacy.

METHODS: We integrated whole-exome sequencing (WES)-based somatic mutation profiles and clinical characteristics of 631 melanoma samples received ICI agents from eight studies and 109 NSCLC samples from two studies. For validation, 321 melanoma and 350 NSCLC immunotherapy samples with targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) were employed. Besides, an independent NSCLC cohort contained 240 samples was also collected for further corroboration. Distinct immune infiltration was evaluated according to the PTPRT mutational status.

RESULTS: In the WES melanoma cohort, patients with PTPRT mutations harbored a significantly elevated ICI response rate (40.5% vs. 28.6%, p = 0.036) and a prolonged survival outcome (35.3 vs. 24.9 months, p = 0.006). In the WES NSCLC cohort, the favorable response and immunotherapy survival were also observed in PTPRT-mutated patients (p = 0.036 and 0.019, respectively). For the validation cohorts, the associations of PTRPT mutations with better prognoses were identified in melanoma, NSCLC, and pan-cancer patients with targeted-NGS (all p < 0.05). Moreover, immunology analyses showed the higher mutation burden, increased lymphocyte infiltration, decreased- activated-stroma, and immune response pathways were detected in patients with PTPRT mutations.

CONCLUSION: Our investigation indicates that PTPRT mutations may be considered as a potential indicator for assessing ICI efficacy in melanoma and NSCLC, even across multiple cancers. Further prospective validation cohorts are warranted.

PMID:34862763 | DOI:10.1002/cam4.4472

Hum Brain Mapp. 2021 Dec 4. doi: 10.1002/hbm.25711. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Multiscale integration of gene transcriptomic and neuroimaging data is becoming a widely used approach for exploring the molecular underpinnings of large-scale brain organization in health and disease. Proper statistical evaluation of determined associations between imaging-based phenotypic and transcriptomic data is key in these explorations, in particular to establish whether observed associations exceed “chance level” of random, nonspecific effects. Recent approaches have shown the importance of statistical models that can correct for spatial autocorrelation effects in the data to avoid inflation of reported statistics. Here, we discuss the need for examination of a second category of statistical models in transcriptomic-neuroimaging analyses, namely those that can provide “gene specificity.” By means of a couple of simple examples of commonly performed transcriptomic-neuroimaging analyses, we illustrate some of the potentials and challenges of transcriptomic-imaging analyses, showing that providing gene specificity on observed transcriptomic-neuroimaging effects is of high importance to avoid reports of nonspecific effects. Through means of simulations we show that the rate of reported nonspecific effects (i.e., effects that cannot be specifically linked to a specific gene or gene-set) can run as high as 60%, with only less than 5% of transcriptomic-neuroimaging associations observed through ordinary linear regression analyses showing both spatial and gene specificity. We provide a discussion, a tutorial, and an easy-to-use toolbox for the different options of null models in transcriptomic-neuroimaging analyses.

PMID:34862695 | DOI:10.1002/hbm.25711

Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom. 2021 Dec 3:e9230. doi: 10.1002/rcm.9230. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

RATIONALE: Recycled plastics are increasingly used for packaging of fast-moving consumer goods (FMCG). Compared to packaging made from virgin polymers, there is greater risk of taints entering product due to prior use of the polymers and incomplete cleaning. Increased quality assurance testing of polymer feedstock is required for recycled packaging. Selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry (SIFT-MS) analysis coupled with multivariate statistical data processing can provide high-throughput untargeted screening of recycled polymers at low cost per sample.

METHODS: SIFT-MS is a direct-injection MS technique that provides high-throughput automated headspace analysis of polymer samples when coupled with a syringe-injection autosampler (12 incubated samples per hour). Full-scan SIFT-MS data were processed using multivariate statistical analysis (specifically, the soft independent modeling by class analogy (SIMCA) algorithm.

RESULTS: SIFT-MS full-scan data were acquired for ten replicates each of ten recycled and four virgin high-density polyethylene (HDPE) pellet products from multiple manufacturers. The samples varied approximately 20-fold in terms of total volatile residue, while showing very high repeatability across replicates. SIFT-MS scan data were dominated by aliphatic and monoterpene hydrocarbon residues, and – to a lesser extent – alcohols. Application of the SIMCA algorithm to the data resulted in successful classification by both individual samples and manufacturers.

CONCLUSIONS: Automated, untargeted SIFT-MS analysis coupled with multivariate statistical data analysis has potential to provide rapid, effective screening of recycled polymer products, which would provide increased quality assurance of recycled polymers used for FMCG.

PMID:34862682 | DOI:10.1002/rcm.9230

APMIS. 2021 Dec 4. doi: 10.1111/apm.13195. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Primary central nervous system-diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (PCNS-DLBCL) is a rare, extranodal malignant lymphoma carrying poor prognosis. The prognostic impact of tumor microenvironment (TME) composition and PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint pathway are still undetermined in PCNS-DLBCL. We aimed to quantify the tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and PD-L1 expression in the PCNSL and evaluated their prognostic significance.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: All patients with histopathologically diagnosed PCNS-DLBCL over a period of 7 years were recruited. Immunohistochemistry for CD3, CD4, CD8, FOXP3, CD68, CD163, PD-1 and PD-L1 was performed on tissue microarray.

RESULT: Forty-four cases of PCNS-DLBCL, who satisfied the selection criteria, were included with mean age of 55 ± 12.3 years and male-to-female ratio of 0.91:1. The mean overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) was 531.6 days and 409.8 days, respectively. Among TILs, increased number of CD3+ T cells showed better OS and DFS, without achieving statistical significance. CD4 positive T-cells was significantly associated with the longer OS (p=0.037) and DFS (p=0.023). TAMs (68CD and CD163 positive) showed inverse relationship with OS and DFS but didn’t reach statistical significance (p>0.05). Increased PD-L1 expression in immune cells, but not in tumor cells, was associated with significantly better DFS (p=0.037).

CONCLUSION: TME plays significant role in the prognosis of PCNS-DLBCL. Increased number of CD4+ T cells and PD-L1 expressing immune cells are associated with better prognosis in PCNS-DLBCL. Further studies with larger sample size are required to evaluate the role of targeted therapy against TME and immune check point inhibitors in this disease.

PMID:34862664 | DOI:10.1111/apm.13195

J Ultrasound Med. 2021 Dec 3. doi: 10.1002/jum.15903. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: The data on the use of shear wave elastography (SWE) in children with thyroid disorders is limited. We aimed to assess the role of SWE in the evaluation of the thyroid gland in children newly diagnosed with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT).

METHODS: The thyroid gland was evaluated in 18 children (5 boys and 13 girls, age range: 5-12 years) with newly diagnosed HT and 27 (21 boys and 6 girls, age range: 4-12 years) healthy controls using grayscale ultrasound followed by SWE. The values of SWE (in kPa) were compared between cases and controls and were also correlated with various demographic variables and serum thyroid hormone concentrations.

RESULTS: The overall median of SWE values in cases and controls was 20.6 kPa (IQR = 19.16-26.94) and 10.7 kPa (IQR = 9.9-16.32), respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (W = 438.5, P < .001). There was a moderate positive correlation between serum triiodothyronine concentrations and SWE (ρ = 0.57, P = .016) and a moderate negative correlation between serum thyroid stimulating hormone concentrations and SWE (ρ = -0.54, P = .020). A significant difference (W = 61.0, P = .003) was also seen in median SWE of the thyroid gland between boys (median: 29.63 kPa, IQR = 27.53-32.88) and girls (median: 19.43 kPa, IQR = 18.88-21.32).

CONCLUSION: There is a significant difference between SWE values of thyroid in normal children and children with newly diagnosed HT. Hence, SWE may be used as a noninvasive imaging technique in distinguishing normal and abnormal thyroid gland at an early stage. We suggest larger studies to confirm our preliminary findings of SWE in pediatric HT.

PMID:34862654 | DOI:10.1002/jum.15903

J Comput Chem. 2021 Dec 4. doi: 10.1002/jcc.26791. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Buchwald-Hartwig amination reaction catalyzed by palladium plays an important role in drug synthesis. In the last few years, machine learning-assisted strategies emerged and quickly gained attention. In this article, an importance and relevance-based integrated feature screening method is proposed to effectively filter high-dimensional feature descriptor data. Then, a regularized machine learning boosting tree model, eXtreme Gradient Boosting, is introduced to intelligently predict reaction performance in multidimensional chemistry space. Furthermore, convergence, interpretability, generalization, and the internal association between reaction conditions and yields are excavated, which provides intelligent assistance for the optimal design of coupling reaction system and evaluating the reaction conditions. Compared with recently published results, the proposed method requires fewer feature descriptors, takes less time, and achieves more accurate prediction accuracy.

PMID:34862652 | DOI:10.1002/jcc.26791

Biom J. 2021 Dec 3. doi: 10.1002/bimj.202000367. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Tests based on pairwise distance measures for multivariate sample vectors are common in ecological studies but are usually restricted to two-sided tests for differences. In this paper, we investigate extensions to tests for superiority, equivalence and non-inferiority.

PMID:34862646 | DOI:10.1002/bimj.202000367

J Ultrasound Med. 2021 Dec 3. doi: 10.1002/jum.15907. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to investigate the role of quantitative values obtained by superb microvascular imaging (SMI) and shearwave elastography (SWE) in the prediction of malignancy in intraductal papilloma-like lesions (IDPL).

METHODS: In the study, 61 patients between the ages of 14 to 73 years (mean age 44) diagnosed with IDPL on ultrasound (US) examination between the years 2020 and 2021 were included. The B-Mode US findings (shape, margins, size, echo pattern, and accompanying ductal dilatation), SMI vascular index (SMIvi), E-mean, and SWE-ratio values were recorded.

RESULTS: There was a statistically significant difference between malignant (n = 14) and benign (n = 47) groups in terms of symptoms (P = .005), size (P = .042), shape (P = .002), margins (P = .001), echogenicity (P = .023), microcalcifications (P = .009), SMIvi (P = .031), E-mean (P < .005), and SWE-ratio (P = .007). According to receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, area under the curve (AUC), positive predictive values (PPV), and negative predictive values (NPV) were 57.1%, 87.2%, 80%, 0.722, 57.1%, 87.2% for US; 71.4%, 49%, 55.7%, 0.692, 30.3%, 85.7% for SMIvi; 85.7%, 71%, 74%, 0.864, 46%, 94.3% for E-mean, and 50%, 75.4%, 83%, 0.707, 91.5%, and 50% for SWE-ratio, respectively. Best results were obtained when SMI and SWE values were used together, achieving a sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, AUC, PPD, NPD of 78.6%, 93.6%, 93.4%, 0.872, 91.7%, and 93.9%, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS: The SMI and SWE examinations are successful in the differentiation of benign and malignant intraductal lesions. They complement each other and contribute to B-mode US in managing IDPLs especially when used together. Our study is the first to compare the quantitative data of SWE and SMI in the differentiation of IDPLs.

PMID:34862641 | DOI:10.1002/jum.15907