Nevin Manimala

Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi. 2022 Feb 6;56(2):197-202. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20210611-00570.

ABSTRACT

Objective: To systematically evaluate the acceptance of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP)among men who have sex with men (MSM) in China, so as to provide reference for the promotion of preventive drug use before human immunodeficiency virus exposure in China. Methods: By searching the databases of China national knowledge infrastructure, VIP database, Wanfan knowledge service platform, PubMed, Web of Science, Embase and The Cochrane Library with key words of “men who have sex with men” “pre-exposure prophylaxis” “PrEP” and “MSM”. The literature on the willingness of Chinese MSM population to accept PrEP was systematically collected, and the data of the literature meeting the inclusion criteria were extracted for Meta analysis. Results: A total of 12 articles were selected in this study, including 6 articles in English and 6 in Chinese. The score of bias risk assessment of eligible articles was 14-18, which was more than 70% of the total score. The total number of samples was 11 269. The overall acceptance rate of PrEP was 0.77(95%CI:0.71-0.82). In subgroup analysis, the acceptance rates of different nationalities, marriage, household registration, age, education background, income, sexual orientation, sexual behavior and awareness of PrEP were statistically significant. Conclusion: In general, the acceptance rate of PrEP in MSM population is higher, but the awareness rate is low. There are differences in the acceptance rate among different groups.

PMID:35184450 | DOI:10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20210611-00570

Brief Bioinform. 2022 Feb 20:bbac040. doi: 10.1093/bib/bbac040. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Mass spectrometry-based proteomic technique has become indispensable in current exploration of complex and dynamic biological processes. Instrument development has largely ensured the effective production of proteomic data, which necessitates commensurate advances in statistical framework to discover the optimal proteomic signature. Current framework mainly emphasizes the generalizability of the identified signature in predicting the independent data but neglects the reproducibility among signatures identified from independently repeated trials on different sub-dataset. These problems seriously restricted the wide application of the proteomic technique in molecular biology and other related directions. Thus, it is crucial to enable the generalizable and reproducible discovery of the proteomic signature with the subsequent indication of phenotype association. However, no such tool has been developed and available yet. Herein, an online tool, POSREG, was therefore constructed to identify the optimal signature for a set of proteomic data. It works by (i) identifying the proteomic signature of good reproducibility and aggregating them to ensemble feature ranking by ensemble learning, (ii) assessing the generalizability of ensemble feature ranking to acquire the optimal signature and (iii) indicating the phenotype association of discovered signature. POSREG is unique in its capacity of discovering the proteomic signature by simultaneously optimizing its reproducibility and generalizability. It is now accessible free of charge without any registration or login requirement at https://idrblab.org/posreg/.

PMID:35183059 | DOI:10.1093/bib/bbac040

Phys Ther Sport. 2022 Feb 11;55:37-45. doi: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2022.02.003. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: To prospectively monitor biomechanics, session-rating of perceived exertion (sRPE), and wellness in a cohort of collegiate Division-1 cross-country athletes over the course of a single competitive season.

DESIGN: Prospective cohort study.

METHODS: Healthy Division-1 cross-country athletes (9 males, 13 females) were prospectively followed over a single competitive cross-country season. Wearable sensors were used to collect biomechanics twice per week, along with surveys to assess sRPE and wellness. Mixed model linear regressions were used to assess the relationship among biomechanical measures to sRPE, and to wellness z-scores.

RESULTS: Stride length, contact time, impact g, pace, weekly mileage, and running a meet in the day prior to the recorded run explained 25.4% of the variance in sRPE scores across the season (R² = 0.254, p < 0.001). Contact time and braking g helped explain 3.7% of the variance in wellness (R² = 0.037, F = 5.70, p = 0.01).

CONCLUSIONS: There were several identified associations between gait biomechanics and sRPE, yet minimal associations with wellness measures. These findings suggest there are movement adaptations associated with perceived running intensity, however biomechanical measures alone do not lend additional insight into wellness measures.

PMID:35183044 | DOI:10.1016/j.ptsp.2022.02.003

Complement Ther Clin Pract. 2022 Feb 11;47:101548. doi: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2022.101548. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Disordered eating is prevalent among US Military Veterans who have a high incidence of obesity, diabetes, and mental illness. Mindfulness is an evidenced-based intervention for some mental health disorders, is well received by Veterans, and may be useful in treating disordered eating behavior in this population. The aim of this study was to assess and describe Veterans’ experience with MB-SAVOR, a novel mindfulness-based eating program, and determine if it improved their relationship with food and the body.

METHODS: In-depth qualitative interviews were conducted among 16 Veterans completing the program. Interviews were audio recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using constant comparative method, an iterative and inductive process. Rapid assessment process was used to understand their views on program structure. Inferential statistics were conducted to assess outcomes of pre-topost-intervention weight, BMI, and HbA1C, and influences of demographics.

RESULTS: Five themes were identified related to experience: Awareness of Eating Cues, Noticing Eating Behaviors and Patterns, Greater Enjoyment of Food, Dietary Improvements, and Mind Body Connection. Four themes were identified related to program structure: Reasons for Enrollment, Prior Experiences and Comparison with MB-SAVOR, Program Information, Impression, and Barriers, and Improvement Suggestions. Clinical outcomes were decreased weight (p = 0.007, d = 0.82), BMI (p = 0.004, d = 0.9), and HbA1C (p = 0.3) post-intervention.

CONCLUSIONS: These findings contribute to our understanding of the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of MB-SAVOR on improving Veterans’ relationship with food and the body. These data help us understand Veterans’ perspectives and motivations regarding treatment engagement for several diet related problems contributing to obesity and diabetes.

PMID:35183037 | DOI:10.1016/j.ctcp.2022.101548

J Surg Res. 2022 Feb 16;274:196-206. doi: 10.1016/j.jss.2021.12.051. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The relationship between sarcopenia and postoperative outcomes in patients with gastric cancer remains controversial. This study aimed to investigate the impact of sarcopenia on short-term outcomes after surgery for gastric cancer.

METHODS: Patients who underwent surgical treatment for gastric cancer were evaluated in this prospective observational study. Muscle strength, muscle mass, and physical performance were measured before surgery. Diagnosis of sarcopenia was based on the revised European Working Group on Sarcopenia criteria. Postoperative 30-day outcomes, including complications, reoperation, readmission, and operative mortality, were recorded.

RESULTS: Sarcopenia was observed in 31 out of 146 patients (21.2%). The overall complication incidence was 31.5%. The postoperative complication rate was higher in the sarcopenic patients compared to the nonsarcopenic patients (54.8% versus 25.2%, P = 0.003). There was no statistically significant difference in terms of surgical complication rates (25.8% versus 14.8%, P = 0.239), although the sarcopenic group had a significantly higher systemic complication rate (38.7% versus 13%, P = 0.003). No statistically significant difference was observed in terms of major complications (3.2% versus 5.2%, P = 1.000). Muscle strength, muscle mass, and physical performance were not identified as independent factors when tested alone at adjusted multivariable analysis. Sarcopenia (Odds ratio: 2.73, 95% CI 1.02-7.52, P = 0.047) and severe sarcopenia (Odds ratio: 4.44, 95% CI 1.57-13.34, P = 0.006) were identified as independent prognostic factors for postoperative complications.

CONCLUSIONS: Sarcopenia was associated with postoperative complications after gastrectomy for gastric cancer. Severe sarcopenia may serve as a more robust prognostic indicator. The variation in the complication rates between sarcopenic and nonsarcopenic patients was mainly due to difference in systemic complications rather than surgical complications.

PMID:35183030 | DOI:10.1016/j.jss.2021.12.051

Mar Pollut Bull. 2022 Feb 16;176:113434. doi: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.113434. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Exposure risk is assessed based on modeling suitable habitat of large pelagic fish and oil spill scenarios originating at three wells located in the western GM’s deep waters. Since the fate of the oil depends on the oceanographic conditions present during the accident, as well as the magnitude and duration of the spill, which are not known a priori, the scenarios used are a statistical representation of the area in which oil spilled from the well could be found, given all possible outcomes. The ecological vulnerability assessment identified a subset of bony fish with low-medium vulnerability and elasmobranchs with medium-high vulnerability. The oiling probability and exposure risk of both bony fish and elasmobranchs hotspots vary by well analyzed. Thus, these results provide essential information for a risk management plan for the assessed species and others with economic or conservation importance distributed in the GM and worldwide.

PMID:35183025 | DOI:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.113434

EBioMedicine. 2022 Feb 16;77:103883. doi: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.103883. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is a complex and heterogeneous autoimmune disease mediated by quantities of autoantibodies in which anti-double-stranded DNA (anti-dsDNA) antibodies are important. Besides, glycosylation is one of the most commonly post-translational modifications of antibodies. The association of anti-dsDNA antibodies glycosylation and SLE disease activity is still unknown.

METHODS: We enrolled 101 consecutive treatment-naïve SLE patients with positive anti-dsDNA antibodies from the Department of Rheumatology and Immunology at Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai, between 2017 and 2019. Serum samples were used in this study. We analysed the glycosylation of anti-dsDNA IgG and total IgG subclasses according to systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity index (SLEDAI) scores. Statistical analysis and machine learning were performed to assess the correlation between glycosylation of anti-dsDNA IgG and total IgG with disease activity.

FINDINGS: Serum samples from 86 patients could be detected with anti-dsDNA IgG glycopeptide and subclass of IgG glycoform. Cluster analysis showed that glycosylation of anti-dsDNA IgG and total IgG subclasses were different in SLE patients. Fucosylation, galactosylation, and sialylation levels of anti-dsDNA IgG1 were increased with SLEDAI scores (all p<0.05). The results of machine learning showed that all the glycoforms of anti-dsDNA IgG1 had better performance with lower standardised square error (SSE) than that of total IgG1, with anti-dsDNA IgG1 fucosylation level having the lowest SSE (0.009).

INTERPRETATION: Our study indicated that glycosylation of anti-dsDNA IgG was different from that of total IgG and fucosylation of anti-dsDNA IgG1 correlated best with SLE disease activity.

FUNDING: This work is supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2018YFC0910303), National Natural Science Foundation of China (81801592, 82101876), Clinical Research Plan of SHDC (SHDC2020CR4011), Ruijin Hospital Youth Incubation Project (KY2021607) and Shanghai Pujiang Young Rheumatologists Training Program (SPROG202006).

PMID:35182998 | DOI:10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.103883

Leg Med (Tokyo). 2022 Feb 12;56:102044. doi: 10.1016/j.legalmed.2022.102044. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Allele frequency distributions and statistical forensic parameters of 19 autosomal STR loci in a sample of 535 unrelated healthy Hui individuals from Yunnan province were estimated. A total of 236 alleles at these loci were identified and their corresponding allele frequencies ranged from 0.000935 to 0.527103. Penta E is the most informative in Hui population, whereas TPOX showed the lowest. All of the STR loci reached the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium after Bonferroni correction. The combined discrimination power and probability of excluding paternity of the 19 STR loci were 0.999 999 999 999 999 999 999 984 47 16 and 0.999 999 988, respectively. Furthermore, the genetic relationship between the Yunnan Hui population and other 8 different Hui groups or 25 previously investigated groups residing in other areas of China were also estimated based on pairwise genetic distance. These results suggest that the 19 STR loci are highly polymorphic, which is suitable for forensic personal identification and paternity testing.

PMID:35182995 | DOI:10.1016/j.legalmed.2022.102044

J Environ Manage. 2022 Feb 16;309:114711. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.114711. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Heavy metals (HMs) such as Lead (Pb) have played a vital role in increasing the sediments of the Australian bay’s ecosystem. Several meteorological parameters (i.e., minimum, maximum and average temperature (T_min, T_max and T_avg^oC), rainfall (R_n mm) and their interactions with the other batch HMs, are hypothesized to have high impact for the decision-making strategies to minimize the impacts of Pb. Three feature selection (FS) algorithms namely the Boruta method, genetic algorithm (GA) and extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) were investigated to select the highly important predictors for Pb concentration in the coastal bay sediments of Australia. These FS algorithms were statistically evaluated using principal component analysis (PCA) Biplot along with the correlation metrics describing the statistical characteristics that exist in the input and output parameter space of the models. To ensure a high accuracy attained by the applied predictive artificial intelligence (AI) models i.e., XGBoost, support vector machine (SVM) and random forest (RF), an auto-hyper-parameter tuning process using a Grid-search approach was also implemented. Cu, Ni, Ce, and Fe were selected by all the three applied FS algorithms whereas the T_avg and R_n inputs remained the essential parameters identified by GA and Boruta. The order of the FS outcome was XGBoost > GA > Boruta based on the applied statistical examination and the PCA Biplot results and the order of applied AI predictive models was XGBoost-SVM > GA-SVM > Boruta-SVM, where the SVM model remained at the top performance among the other statistical metrics. Based on the Taylor diagram for model evaluation, the RF model was reflected only marginally different so overall, the proposed integrative AI model provided an evidence a robust and reliable predictive technique used for coastal sediment Pb prediction.

PMID:35182982 | DOI:10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.114711

J Environ Manage. 2022 Feb 16;309:114689. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.114689. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Understanding the environmental and economic impacts of copper hydrometallurgy throughout the whole life cycle is necessary for sustainable development of the copper industry. In this study, the environmental impacts and economic costs throughout the two major copper hydrometallurgical routes in China, including heap leaching and heap-agitation leaching, are analyzed and compared using the life cycle assessment (LCA) and life cycle cost (LCC) technique. The life cycle inventory compiled from the annual statistics of the Muliashi Copper Mine, and the data regarding energy and materials process are based on the GaBi databases. The environmental impacts are quantified into 12 indicators. The results show that compared with heap leaching route, heap-agitation leaching route reduces 36.8% of abiotic depletion potential (ADP elements), but increases over half of cumulative energy demand (CED), marine aquatic ecotoxicity potential (MAETP) and human toxicity potential (HTP). Furthermore, the stage of electrowinning and agitation leaching contributes the largest environmental impact to heap leaching and heap-agitation leaching route, respectively. This is mainly due to huge consumption of electricity and sulfuric acid. The analysis of economic cost reveals that heap leaching route needs internal cost of $3225/t Cu and external cost of $426/t Cu. Compared with heap leaching route, heap-agitation leaching route increased the internal and external cost by 18.9% and 54.2%, respectively. But the economic return from heap-agitation leaching is double that from heap leaching. Together, these results indicate heap-agitation leaching has a larger environmental impact and higher economic benefit than heap leaching, which is helpful for the government to design ecological compensation policies in the balance between ecological environment and economic development.

PMID:35182981 | DOI:10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.114689