Nevin Manimala

J Refract Surg. 2022 Apr;38(4):222-228. doi: 10.3928/1081597X-20220207-01. Epub 2022 Apr 1.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To analyze corneal aberrations and factors affecting visual outcomes after implantation of a trifocal intraocular lens (IOL) in eyes previously treated with laser corneal refractive surgery.

METHODS: This retrospective case series included 222 consecutive eyes implanted with the trifocal FineVision Micro-F IOL (PhysIOL) after laser corneal refractive surgery. The series was divided into two groups according to safety outcomes after lensectomy: eyes with loss of one or more lines of corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) [n = 59, 26.5%]) (failed eyes group) and eyes with no loss or gain in CDVA lines (n = 163, 73.4%]) (successful eyes group). Distribution of tomographic corneal aberrations (spherical aberration [Z⁴₀], comatic and root mean square of higher order aberrations [RMS-HOA]), laser corneal refractive surgery error, kappa angle, and CDVA after laser corneal refractive surgery were compared among both groups.

RESULTS: Mean CDVA after lensectomy was 0.15 ± 0.07 logMAR (range: 0.05 to 0.30 logMAR) versus 0.03 ± 0.04 logMAR (range: 0.00 to 0.15 logMAR) in the failed and successful eyes groups, respectively (P < .001). Comparison of both groups showed that failed eyes had a statistically significantly higher grade of hyperopic laser corneal refractive surgery than successful eyes measured as mean sphere (+0.71 ± 3.10 diopters [D] [range: -7.75 to +6.00 D] vs -0.46 ± 3.70 D [range: -10.75 to +6.00 D], P < .01), spherical equivalent (+0.27 ± 3.10 D [range: -8.00 to +5.50 D] vs -0.97 ± 3.60 D [range: -12.50 to +4.90 D], P < .05), and percentage of hyperopic laser corneal refractive surgery (64% vs 43.5%, P < .05). Corneal aberration analysis showed that mean Z⁴₀ values were significantly more negative in the failed eyes group than in the successful eyes group (+0.07 ± 0.40 mm [range: -0.82 to +0.65 mm] vs +0.18 ± 0.37 mm [range: -0.79 to +0.87 mm], P < .05). Laser corneal refractive surgery cylinder was distributed homogeneously between both groups, as well as coma and RMS-HOA, kappa angle, and CDVA after laser corneal refractive surgery that were not statistically significant.

CONCLUSIONS: Surgeons should consider tomographic corneal spherical aberration after implantation of a trifocal IOL in eyes after keratorefractive surgery, particularly in eyes previously treated with hyperopic laser corneal refractive surgery, to prevent loss of lines of visual acuity after lensectomy. [J Refract Surg. 2022:38(4):222-228.].

PMID:35412928 | DOI:10.3928/1081597X-20220207-01

J Refract Surg. 2022 Apr;38(4):229-234. doi: 10.3928/1081597X-20220113-01. Epub 2022 Apr 1.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To evaluate peripheral refraction and contrast detection sensitivity in pseudophakic patients implanted with a new type of inverted meniscus intraocular lens (IOL) (Art25; Voptica SL) that was designed to provide better peripheral optics.

METHODS: One month after cataract surgery, in 87 eyes implanted with the Art25 IOL, peripheral contrast detection sensitivity was measured psychophysically at 40° visual angle, both horizontally and vertically, and compared with a control group of 51 eyes implanted with standard biconvex IOLs. Thirty-one eyes with the Art25 IOL and 28 eyes from the control group were randomly selected to also measure peripheral refraction using a scanning Hartmann-Shack wavefront sensor along 80° in the horizontal meridian.

RESULTS: Most patients achieved emmetropia and good visual acuity, and no significant adverse events were observed after cataract surgery with Art25 IOLs. Peripheral contrast detection sensitivity was significantly better (P < .01) in the group with the Art25 IOL in both directions (7.78 ± 3.24 vs 5.74 ± 2.60 vertical, 10.98 ± 5.09 vs 7.47 ± 3.96 horizontal), which was in agreement with the optical quality improvement in the periphery due to a reduction of defocus (1.97 and 1.21 diopters [D] at 40° temporal and nasal sides) and astigmatism (1.17 and 0.37 D at 40° temporal and nasal sides) that was statistically significant (P < .01) from 20° of eccentricity.

CONCLUSIONS: Patients implanted with a new inverted meniscus IOL present a reduced amount of peripheral defocus and astigmatism compared to patients implanted with standard biconvex IOLs. This improvement in optical quality leads to better contrast detection sensitivity measured at 40° of eccentricity. [J Refract Surg. 2022;38(4):229-234.].

PMID:35412927 | DOI:10.3928/1081597X-20220113-01

J Refract Surg. 2022 Apr;38(4):264-269. doi: 10.3928/1081597X-20220202-01. Epub 2022 Apr 1.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of the implantation of intracorneal ring segments (ICRS) in keratoconus on the dynamic corneal response (DCR) parameters obtained with the Corvis ST (Oculus Optikgeräte GmbH).

METHODS: This prospective clinical study included patients who underwent ICRS implantation for keratoconus over a period of 1 year. On the day of the surgery and at least 1 month after ICRS implantation, the following measurements were made: corrected and uncorrected distance visual acuity, corneal tomography indices with the Pentacam (Oculus Optikgeräte GmbH), biomechanically corrected intraocular pressure (bIOP), Corvis ST DCR parameters, integrated inverse concave radius (1/R), deformation amplitude ratio (DA ratio), stiffness parameter at first applanation (SP-A1), stress-strain index (SSI), and highest concavity radius (HRC).

RESULTS: Fifty-one eyes of 40 patients were included with a median follow-up time of 3 months (interquartile ratio [IQR]: 2 to 6 months). Statistical analysis showed that ICRS implantation did not affect corneal biomechanical measurements evaluated with the Corvis ST, which was demonstrated by non-significant changes in the SP-A1 (P = .637), 1/R (P = .647), HRC (P = .177), DA ratio (P = .735), and SSI (P = .501). Additionally, the results showed that bIOP measurements were not significantly affected by ICRS implantation (P = .113).

CONCLUSIONS: ICRS implantation does not affect corneal biomechanical measurements in early follow-up. [J Refract Surg. 2022;38(4):264-269.].

PMID:35412924 | DOI:10.3928/1081597X-20220202-01

Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2022 Apr 19;119(16):e2118451119. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2118451119. Epub 2022 Apr 11.

ABSTRACT

SignificanceGiven the ubiquity of amide coupling reactions, understanding the factors which influence the success of the reaction and having means to predict the reaction rate would streamline synthetic efforts. This study outlines a data science-based workflow for effective statistical modeling with sparse experimental data. We demonstrated informed substrate selection, collection of rate data and interpretable molecular descriptors, and statistical model development for amide coupling rates. The resulting statistical models illuminate substrate features that impact rate and allow for the prediction of untested amide coupling rates.

PMID:35412905 | DOI:10.1073/pnas.2118451119

Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2022 Apr 19;119(16):e2120737119. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2120737119. Epub 2022 Apr 11.

ABSTRACT

SignificanceChoosing a statistical model and accounting for uncertainty about this choice are important parts of the scientific process and are required for common statistical tasks such as parameter estimation, interval estimation, statistical inference, point prediction, and interval prediction. A canonical example is the choice of variables in a linear regression model. Many ways of doing this have been proposed, including Bayesian and penalized regression methods, and it is not clear which are best. We compare 21 popular methods via an extensive simulation study based on a wide range of real datasets. We found that three adaptive Bayesian model averaging methods performed best across all the statistical tasks and that two of these were also among the most computationally efficient.

PMID:35412893 | DOI:10.1073/pnas.2120737119

Anal Chem. 2022 Apr 12. doi: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c05224. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Preprocessing of liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) raw data facilitates downstream statistical and biological data analyses. In the case of targeted LC-MS data, consistent recognition of chromatographic peaks is a main challenge, in particular, for low abundant signals. Fully automatic preprocessing is faster than manual peak review and does not depend on the individual operator. Here, we present the R package automRm for fully automatic preprocessing of LC-MS data recorded in MRM mode. Using machine learning (ML) for detection of chromatographic peaks and quality control of reported results enables the automatic recognition of complex patterns in raw data. In addition, this approach renders automRm generally applicable to a wide range of analytical methods including hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC), which is known for sample-to-sample variations in peak shape and retention time. We demonstrate the impact of the choice of training data set, of the applied ML algorithm, and of individual peak characteristics on automRm’s ability to correctly report chromatographic peaks. Next, we show that automRm can replicate results obtained by manual peak review on published data. Moreover, automRm outperforms alternative software solutions regarding the variation in peak integration among replicate measurements and the number of correctly reported peaks when applied to a HILIC-MS data set. The R package is freely available from gitlab (https://gitlab.gwdg.de/joerg.buescher/automrm).

PMID:35412809 | DOI:10.1021/acs.analchem.1c05224

J Cardiovasc Nurs. 2022 May-Jun 01;37(3):274-280. doi: 10.1097/JCN.0000000000000763.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of coronary heart disease continues to increase in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). Despite advances in cardiac surgery, there are no established outpatient cardiac rehabilitation programs in the KSA.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of home-based cardiac rehabilitation compared with outpatient-based cardiac rehabilitation and usual care for patients who are post-coronary artery bypass graft surgery.

METHOD: This 3-arm, single-blind, randomized controlled trial was carried out at the King Faisal Specialist Hospital, Riyadh, KSA. A total of 82 patients post-coronary artery bypass graft surgery were randomized and 73 patients completed the study. Recruited patients were distributed to home-based cardiac rehabilitation (n = 24), outpatient-based cardiac rehabilitation (n = 25), or usual care (control group) (n = 24). Participants in the intervention groups completed an individualized exercise program for 2 hours, 3 times a week for 8 weeks. The control group followed usual care (no intervention). The incremental shuttle walk test (ISWT), metabolic equivalence task, Short Form-36, and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) were measured at baseline, postintervention, and after a 4-week follow-up period.

RESULTS: Postintervention, there was an increase in mean ISWT score from baseline in both the home-based cardiac rehabilitation and outpatient-based cardiac rehabilitation groups (66 [0.58] m and 71 [9.19] m, respectively). No difference was observed in the control group. At the 4-week follow-up, both intervention groups showed statistically significant improvements in all outcome measures (ISWT, metabolic equivalence tasks, HADS-A, HADS-D, and Short Form-36) compared with baseline (all P < .001). The home-based cardiac rehabilitation group showed statistically continuous improvement compared with the outpatient-based cardiac rehabilitation group. The control group did not show any significant changes across time in outcome measures.

CONCLUSION: Home-based cardiac rehabilitation is as effective as outpatient-based cardiac rehabilitation. Home-based cardiac rehabilitation appears to be more effective at maintaining improvements follow the end of the intervention.

PMID:35412730 | DOI:10.1097/JCN.0000000000000763

Phytother Res. 2022 Apr 12. doi: 10.1002/ptr.7410. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Previous studies on the effect of Brassica vegetables on blood glucose and lipid profile have reported inconclusive findings. Due to the high prevalence of glucose and lipid metabolism disorders and their importance as predictors of chronic diseases, the present meta-analysis was performed to clarify the effect of Brassica vegetables on blood glucose and lipid profile. A systematic search of the databases of PubMed, Scopus, and Cochran Library was performed up to October 2020. All randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that examined the effect of Brassica vegetables on blood glucose and lipid profile were included in the study. The search results were limited to English-language publications. Finally, nine RCTs, including 548 participants, were selected for the present study. Pooled analysis indicated a significant reduction in total cholesterol (TC) (SMD = -0.28, 95%CI: 0.48 to 0.08; p = 0.005) following Brassica vegetables consumption. Overall, Brassica vegetables had no significant impact on serum levels of triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, fasting blood sugar, and glycated hemoglobin. Consumption of Brassica vegetables had a statistically significant effect on TC concentration. However, further high-quality studies are needed to firmly establish the clinical efficacy of these plants.

PMID:35412701 | DOI:10.1002/ptr.7410

Support Care Cancer. 2022 Apr 12. doi: 10.1007/s00520-022-07039-w. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: The study aimed to develop a web-based education program among cancer patients undergoing treatment with systemic chemotherapy and to evaluate the efficacy of the program on symptom control, quality of life, self-efficacy, and depression.

METHODS: A web-based education program was prepared in line with patient needs, evidence-based guidelines, and expert opinions and tested with 10 cancer patients. The single-blind, randomized controlled study was conducted at a medical oncology unit of a university hospital. Pretests were applied to 60 cancer patients undergoing treatment with systemic chemotherapy, and the patients (intervention: 30, control: 30) were randomized. The intervention group used a web-based education program for 3 months, and they were allowed to communicate with researchers 24/7 via the website. The efficacy of a web-based education program at baseline and after 12 weeks was evaluated. The CONSORT 2010 guideline was performed.

RESULTS: In the first phase results of the study, it was found that most of the patients with cancer wanted to receive education about symptom management and the side effects of the treatment. Expert opinions on the developed website were found to be compatible with each other (Kendall’s Wa = 0.233, p = 0.008). According to the randomized controlled study results, patients who received web-based education reported significantly fewer symptoms (p = 0.026) and better quality of life (p = 0.001), but there was no statistically significant difference in the self-efficacy and depression levels during the 3-month follow-up period (p˃0.05). The most frequently visited links in the web-based education program by the patients with cancer were the management of chemotherapy-related symptoms (62.6%).

CONCLUSION: A web-based education program was found to be efficacy in remote symptom management and improving the quality of life of cancer patients.

TRIAL REGISTRATION: www.

CLINICALTRIALS: gov , NCT05076916 (October 12, 2021, retrospectively registered).

PMID:35412076 | DOI:10.1007/s00520-022-07039-w

Support Care Cancer. 2022 Apr 12. doi: 10.1007/s00520-022-07049-8. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: This study examines the body image distress among patients with head and neck cancer (HNC) visiting a tertiary care hospital for follow-ups.

DESIGN: A cross-sectional survey purposively enrolled 170 head and neck cancer (HNC) patients who had undergone cancer surgery at a newly established tertiary care hospital, North India.

METHODS: A structured pre-tested socio-demographic and clinical profile checklist and the Derriford Appearance Scale-24 (DAS-24) were used to collect information. An appropriate descriptive and inferential statistic was applied to compute the findings.

RESULTS: The median age of the participants was 46.0 years, and 80% of the participants were unemployed. The mean body image distress score was 57.95 (SD = 10.3, 47-66.75, range 42-77). The body image distress shows a significant association with age (p < .001), gender (p = 0.003), and working status (p = 0.032) of the HNC patients. Multilinear regression reported gender as an independent predictor (95% CI: 0.615-8.646, p = 0.025) for body image distress in HNC patients.

CONCLUSIONS: HNC patients reported substantial body image distress due to changes in body appearance. Female patients who had undergone surgery at young age reported higher body image distress. Recommending cosmetic surgery and nurse-led psychosocial nursing intervention on routine follow-ups are other potential strategies to improve facial appearance to overcome the negative impact of body image.

PMID:35412075 | DOI:10.1007/s00520-022-07049-8