Nevin Manimala

Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi. 2021 Jul 6;55(7):867-874. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20210224-00184.

ABSTRACT

Objective: To investigate the characteristics of cervical microbiota in patients with HPV (Human Papillomavirus) infection, and to analyze the associations of cervical microbiota and HPV infection or cervicitis. Methods: 300 samples underwent HPV nucleic acid testing was collected in this case-control study from June 2019 to April 2020 in the Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, there were 150 cases allocated in HPV infection group (HPV+), and 150 cases of negative nucleic acid test were non-infectious Group (HPV-). Next-generation sequencing was used to sequence the V4 region of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene, and QIIME pipeline was used to analysis the microbiota composition of the two groups. Wilcoxon rank sum test and Kruskal-Wallis test were used to statistically analysis the differences of the microbiota between groups; and the α diversity and β diversity of the flora between groups were statistically analyzed by Adonis multivariate analysis of variance and Wilcoxon rank sum test. Results: A total of 300 samples were analyzed in this study, of which 150 samples were HPV-positive and 150 samples were HPV-negative; among HPV-positive cases, 132 were infected by high-risk HPV (88.0%), and 18 were low-risk HPV infections (12.0%). The composition of the cervical microbiota were significantly different between the HPV+group and the HPV-group, which in the HPV+group, the α diversity of the cervical microbiota were significantly increased (Shannon index, W=8 174, P<0.000 1; PD whole tree, W=8 887, P=0.001 7). The β diversity of the two groups was significantly different (Binary Jaccard, F=2.325 4, P=0.042 0; Bray Curtis, F=2.136 44, P=0.044 0). The relative abundance of Lactobacillus spp. and L.iners in the HPV+group sample decreased significantly (W=7 730, P<0.000 1; W=8 979, P=0.002 5), accompanied by enriched Achromobacter, Stenotrophomonas, Methylobacterium, Sneathia and Dialister. There was no significant difference in the composition of the cervical microbiota between high-risk HPV infection and low-risk HPV infection (F=4.100 4, P>0.05). In addition, cervicitis is significantly related to HPV infection (χ²=19.78, P<0.000 1), the composition of cervical flora has similarity features in cervicitis and HPV infection samples. Compared with the normal group, the cervical microbiota of cervicitis with HPV infection is mainly enriched in Achromobacter, Aerococcaceae, Streptococcus, Fusobacteria, and Xanthomonadaceae. Conclusion: The cervical microbiota of patients with HPV infection has a significant dysbiosis, with increased diversity and significant depletion of lactobacillus, accompanied by an increase in the abundance of pathogenic bacteria such as Achromobacter.

PMID:34304424 | DOI:10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20210224-00184

Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi. 2021 Jul 6;55(7):860-866. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20210506-00438.

ABSTRACT

Objective: To estimate the healthy life expectancy (HALE) of registered residents in Jing’an District, Shanghai City. Methods: From June to August in 2017, 14 districts (towns) were selected as the research sites, and 4 159 registered residents were selected as the subjects. The health status data of subjects were collected by using the self-rated health scale, and the health rate of subjects was obtained by using the CHOPIT model. The health rate of residents under 18 years old was replaced by the parameters of 18-year-old group, and Sullivan method was used to calculate the HALE of registered residents in Jing’an District, Shanghai City. Results: The age of 4 159 subjects was (56.46±15.19) years old, ranging from 18 to 98 years old. There were 1 768 males (42.5%). The overall health rate of subjects was 74.96%, of which the health rates of male and female were 76.87% and 72.45% respectively. With the increase of age, the health rate decreased (Z=265.51, P<0.001), and the health rate of male was higher than that of female (χ²=2 154.54, P<0.001). The HALE of the 0-year-old group was 64.29 years old, in which the male and female were 66.25 and 63.57 years old respectively. Among the 18-year-old group, the HALE was 48.18 years old, with 49.07 years old for male and 47.46 years old for female. The HALE of male was higher than that of female in all age groups. With the increase of age, the HALE decreased gradually. Conclusion: There are significant sex and age differences in HALE in Jing’an District, Shanghai City. The health issue of female and older people should be given more attention.

PMID:34304423 | DOI:10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20210506-00438

Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi. 2021 Jul 6;55(7):840-846. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20210506-00441.

ABSTRACT

Objective: To analyze the characteristics of clinical distribution and change of aeroallergens in children with allergic diseases from 2015 to 2020. Methods: Children who visited Capital Institute of Pediatrics affiliated Children’s Hospital, suspected of allergic diseases and received serum aeroallergens specific immunoglobulin E (sIgE) test were retrospectively enrolled (1 to 14 years old). sIgE was detected by Phadia1000 system with radioallergosorbent test fluorescent enzyme-linked immunoassay. The characteristics and change of the aeroallergens among the 6 years was analyzed. Enumeration data were expressed by percentage and categorical variables were compared by the independent samples t-test and Pearson χ² test. Results: In total 4 608 tests (4 575 patients) of children were enrolled, the average age was (5.4±2.9) years old, with the median age of 5.0 years old. 3 176 were boys (68.9%), and 1 432 were girls (31.1%). 4 294 children were from the north of China (93.2%), 295 children were from the south of China (6.4%), and 19 children were from unknown regions (0.4%). In total the most common aeroallergen was mold mixture (1 956/4 457 tests, 43.9%) and Alternaria alternata (276/630 tests, 43.8%), followed by Artemisia (300/889 tests, 33.7%), Humulus scandens (12/38 tests, 31.6%) and grass mixture (909/2 874 tests, 31.6%). Among the 6 years, mold, grass pollen and tree pollen sensitization increased, and mold [38/130 (29.2%) vs 1 574/3 233 (48.7%)], grass pollen [11/77 (14.3%) vs 1 069/3 072 (34.8%)] increased significantly (χ² was 18.953 and 49.559, respectively, P=0.000). Positive rate of tree pollen increased [1/10 (10.0%) vs 516/2 122 (24.3%)], but did not have statistical significance (χ²=1.111, P=0.292). Dust mite [36/146 (24.7%) vs 321/1 408 (22.8%)] and hair of pets [7/33 (21.2%) vs 321/1 408 (17.1%)] sensitization didn’t change greatly (χ² =0.258, P =0.611; χ² =0.379, P =0.538). In 2015, the most common aeroallergens was mold (38/130, 29.2%), followed by dust mite (36/146, 24.7%), while in 2020, the most common aeroallergens was still mold (1 574/3 233, 48.7%), with grass pollen (1 069/3 072, 34.8%) and tree pollen (516/2 122, 24.3%) ranked after. Conclusion: Mold might be the most common aeroallergens in allergic children in Beijing area. With time went on, dust mite was gradually exceeded by grass pollen and tree pollen.

PMID:34304420 | DOI:10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20210506-00441

Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi. 2021 Jul 6;55(7):835-839. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20200713-01000.

ABSTRACT

Objective: To evaluate the immunogenicity and safety of concomitant inoculation of Measles and Rubella Combined Live-attenuated Japanese encephalitis vaccine. Methods: Healthy children aged 8 months in selected cities in Zhejiang Province were randomly assigned to the MR and JVE-L combined vaccination group (the experimental group), and the MR single vaccination group (the control group) was taken before the exemption and 6 weeks after the exemption. Peripheral venous blood 1 ml was used as serum antibody test for measles and rubella, and the levels of measles and rubella antibodies before and after vaccination were evaluated. The safety of combined vaccination was evaluated. Measles and rubella IgG antibodies were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Data were double-entry with Epidata and statistical analysis was performed using Epi Info epidemiological statistical analysis software. Results: The results showed that no severe adverse event occurred in two groups, clinical reactions in each inoculation group were mild.The seroconversion rate of measles antibody and rubella antibody were 96.43% and 88.49% in the experimental group after vaccination, the geometrical mean concentrations(GMC) of measles antibody was 1 526.45 mIU/ml and the GMC of rubella antibody was 47.70 mIU/ml after concomitant inoculation; the seroconversion rate of measles antibody and rubella antibody were 97.62% and 86.11% in the control group, the GMC of Measles antibody was 1 392.28 mIU/ml and the GMC of Rubella antibody was 45.72 mIU/ml after MV inoculation. No difference were detected in two groups of seroconversion rate of measles antibody and rubella antibody and GMC after vaccination. Conclusion: The immunogenicity and safety is equivalent when MR and JVE-L were simultaneous inoculation.

PMID:34304419 | DOI:10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20200713-01000

Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi. 2021 Jul 6;55(7):811-817. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20210530-00524.

ABSTRACT

Objective: To translate and revise the Karitane Parenting Confidence Scale (KPCS),which can be used to evaluate the parenting confidence of 0-12 months infant caregivers in China, and evaluate the reliability and validity test of Chinese version of KPCS. Methods: Form a Chinese version of Karitane Parenting Confidence Scale through translation, back translation and expert review. Mothers of 3-month-old infants were recruited from two Maternal and Child Health Hospitals in Beijing and Ma’anshan in April 2019. A total of 165 mothers responded the survey invitations. They were surveyed with self-administered questionnaires, the Chinese version of KPCS, the Parenting Sense of Competence Scale (PSOC) and Self-efficacy in Infant Care Scale (SICS). Item analysis was conducted to select items by using critical value and correlation coefficient. The construct validity was assessed by exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis. The criterion validity was assessed by being compared with PSOC and SICS. The reliability analysis was assessed by Cronbach’s α the split-half reliability coefficient and rest-retest reliability coefficient. Results: The scores of 15 items were all correlated with the total score of the Chinese version of KPCS with r ranging from -0.283 to 0.643 (P<0.001). The difference of critical values of all items of KPCS among the low and high score groups were statistically significant (P<0.001). Three factors labeled parenting, support, and sense of competence, were obtained by exploratory factor analysis which accounting for 49.52% of the total variance and the factor loading values of all items are more than 0.4. The confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the hypothesized three-factor structure. The total score of KPCS was significantly correlated with the total score of PSOC and SICS(r=0.381, 0.345, P<0.001). The Cronbach’s α of the Chinese version of KPCS was 0.769, and each dimension of Cronbach’s α were 0.332-0.800, the test-retest reliability coefficient was 0.817, and the split-half reliability coefficient was 0.789. Conclusion: The Chinese version of the Karitane parenting confidence scale has a good reliability and validity among the 0-12 month-old infants’ mothers, which can be used to evaluate the parenting confidence of infant caregivers.

PMID:34304416 | DOI:10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20210530-00524

Zhonghua Shao Shang Za Zhi. 2021 Jul 20;37(7):647-653. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn501120-20200417-00231.

ABSTRACT

Objective: To establish mechanical stress-induced hypertrophic scar mouse models, and to examine the roles of interleukin-6/signal transduction and activator of transcription 3 (IL-6/STAT3) pathway and β-catenin. Methods: The experimental research method was used. Sixteen female C57/BL6 mice of 12-week-old were collected and two straight full-thickness skin incisions of 2 cm in length were inflicted on the back of each mouse. On the fourth day post injury, the two wounds on the back of each mouse were divided into mechanical traction group and blank control group according to the random number table method, with 16 wounds in each group. The wounds in mechanical traction group were given continuous mechanical traction for 14 days, while the wounds in blank control group were given no treatment. After 14 days of mechanical traction for wounds in mechanical traction group, the appearances of the scar tissue in wounds of 2 groups were visually observed, and the areas of scars were measured; the morphological changes of the scar tissue in wounds of 2 groups were observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining, and the cross-sectional areas of scars were measured; the content of IL-6 in supernatant of the scar tissue in wounds of 2 groups was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; the protein expression of phosphorylated STAT3 (p-STAT3) of the scar tissue in wounds of 2 groups was detected by Western blotting; and the expression of β-catenin of the scar tissue in wounds of 2 groups was detected by immunohistochemistry. Data were statistically analyzed with paired sample t test. Results: Red hairless area similar to human scar tissue formed in wounds of mechanical traction group after 14 days of mechanical traction, with large area of scar, thickened local area, hardened texture, and some even slightly raised, while scar in wounds of blank control group was linear and not obvious. After 14 days of mechanical traction for wounds in mechanical traction group, the scar area of wounds in mechanical traction group was (5.65±0.95) mm², which was significantly larger than (1.07±0.28) mm² in blank control group (t=26.333, P<0.01). After 14 days of mechanical traction for wounds in mechanical traction group, the skin appendages of scar tissue were absent, and the dermis hyperplasia was active and obviously thickened, while skin appendages of scar tissue of wounds in blank control group were still present, with unconspicuous dermis hyperplasia; the cross-sectional area of scar in wounds of mechanical traction group was (0.82±0.23) mm², which was significantly larger than (0.29±0.07) mm² of blank control group (t=8.879, P<0.01). After 14 days of mechanical traction for wounds in mechanical traction group, the content of IL-6 in the supernatant of scar tissue and the protein expression of p-STAT3 in scar tissue of wounds in mechanical traction group were significantly higher than those in blank control group (t=37.552, 25.863, P<0.01). The expression of β-catenin was high in the scar tissue of wounds in mechanical traction group after 14 days of mechanical traction, while that in blank control group was low. Conclusions: The study successfully establishes mechanical stress-induced hypertrophic scar mouse models. Mechanical stress can participate in wound healing and induce scar hyperplasia of mice wounds through continuous or overexpression of IL-6/STAT3 pathway, and β-catenin can also promote the formation of hypertrophic scar.

PMID:34304405 | DOI:10.3760/cma.j.cn501120-20200417-00231

Zhonghua Shao Shang Za Zhi. 2021 Jul 20;37(7):640-646. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn501120-20200416-00227.

ABSTRACT

Objective: To investigate the expression and phosphorylation level change of adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase (AMPK) in skeletal muscle of severely scald rats and its roles in skeletal muscle atrophy in severely scalded rats. Methods: The experimental research method was applied. Totally 100 6-week-old male Wistar rats were divided into sham injury group and scald group according to the random number table, with 50 rats in each group. After weighing the body weight, rats in scald group were inflicted with full-thickness scald of 30% total body surface area on the back, and rats in sham injury group were simulated with scald. At 6 h and on 1, 3, 5, and 7 d post injury, 10 rats in each group were taken to measure their body weights and weights of extensor digitorum longus and soleus muscle. At 6 h and on 1, 3, 5, and 7 d post injury, the tibialis anterior muscles were collected, the mRNA expressions of muscle atrophy F-box protein (MAFbx) and muscle-specific RING finger protein 1 (MuRF1) were detected by real-time fluorescent quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction; the content of adenosine monophosphate (AMP), adenosine diphosphate, and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) were detected by high performance liquid chromatography, and AMP/ATP ratio and energy charge were calculated; the protein expressions of AMPK-α and phosphorylated AMPK-α (p-AMPK-α) were detected by Western blotting, and the p-AMPK-α/AMPK-α ratio was calculated, with sample number of 4 in each time point of each group. Data were statistically analyzed with analysis of variance for factorial design and least significant difference test. Results: The body weights of rats in 2 groups before injury and at each time point post injury were close (P>0.05). At 6 h post injury, the weight of extensor digitorum longus of rats in scald group was (0.107±0.007) g, which was significantly heavier than (0.086±0.0607) g of sham injury group (P<0.01). On 3 d post injury, the weight of extensor digitorum longus of rats in scald group was (0.083±0.016) g, which was significantly lighter than (0.102±0.005) g of sham injury group (P<0.01). The weight of soleus of rats in 2 groups were close at each time point post injury (P>0.05). Compared with those of sham injury group, the mRNA expression of MAFbx in tibialis anterior muscle of rats in scald group was significantly up-regulated at 6 h post injury (P<0.01), and the mRNA expressions of MuRF1 in tibial anterior muscle of rats in scald group were significantly up-regulated at 6 h and on 1 d post injury (P<0.01). At 6 h and on 7 d post injury, compared with those of false injury group, the AMP/ATP ratios of the tibial anterior muscle of rats in scald group were significantly increased (P<0.05 or P<0.01), and energy charges of the tibial anterior muscle of rats in scald group were significantly decreased (P<0.01). At each time point post injury, the protein expressions of AMPK-α of the tibial anterior muscle of rats in 2 groups were close (P>0.05). The p-AMPK-α/AMPK-α ratios of the tibial anterior muscle of rats in scald group at 6 h and on 7 d post injury were significantly higher than those in sham injury group (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Conclusions: The decrease in energy charge and increase in AMP/ATP ratio of skeletal muscle of rats after severe scald activate AMPK. The activation of AMPK in the early stage of injury is consistent with the up-regulation of MAFbx and MuRF1 expressions and down-regulation of skeletal muscle weight. The above-mentioned changes may be one of the molecular mechanisms of skeletal muscle atrophy in rats with severe scald.

PMID:34304404 | DOI:10.3760/cma.j.cn501120-20200416-00227

Eur J Prosthodont Restor Dent. 2021 Jul 12. doi: 10.1922/EJPRD_2306No-Cortes06. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this in-vitro study was to compare trueness, 3D deviation, production time and costs of milled and 3D-printed resin single crowns. A total of 20 CAD-CAM resin single crowns were fabricated from 10 digital wax patterns designed on 10 tooth preparations available in a reference model. Standardized control linear measurements were performed with a CAD software. Each STL file was then used to fabricate two resins crowns – one milled and one 3D-printed. All crowns underwent physical linear measurements using a digital caliper. The crowns were then scanned using an intraoral scanner for assessing 3D deviation. Finally, time to produce a single crown, as well as costs and production rates of both methods were also compared. Both CAM methods did not present statistically significant differences in linear measurements, as compared to controls (P⟩.05). Furthermore, 3D-printed crowns had significantly greater deviations in cervical margins (P=.032) and occlusal surfaces (P=.041), as compared with milled crowns. Finally, 3D-printing took significantly longer to produce one single crown (P=.001), but with a cheaper and higher production rate than milling. These findings suggest that milling devices produce resin single crowns with smaller 3D deviations but more expensive costs, as compared with low-cost 3D printers.

PMID:34304395 | DOI:10.1922/EJPRD_2306No-Cortes06

Jpn J Radiol. 2021 Jul 25. doi: 10.1007/s11604-021-01181-x. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To examine the computed tomography (CT) images of patients with a diagnosis of gastric tumor by texture analysis and to investigate its place in differential diagnosis.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Contrast enhanced venous phase CT images of 163 patients with pathological diagnosis of gastric adenocarcinoma (n = 125), gastric lymphoma (n = 12) and gastrointestinal stromal tumors (n = 26) were retrospectively analyzed. Pixel size adjustment, gray-level discretization and gray-level normalization procedures were applied as pre-processing steps. Region of interest (ROI) was determined from the axial slice that represented the largest lesion area and a total of 40 texture features were calculated for each patient. Texture features were compared between the tumor subtypes and between adenocarcinoma grades. Statistically significant texture features were combined into a single parameter by logistic regression analysis. The sensitivity and specificity of these features and the combined parameter were measured to differentiate tumor subtypes by receiver-operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis.

RESULTS: Classifications between adenocarcinoma versus lymphoma, adenocarcinoma vs. gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) and well-differentiated adenocarcinoma versus poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma using texture features yielded successful results with high sensitivity (98, 91, 96%, respectively) and specificity (75, 77, 80%, respectively).

CONCLUSIONS: CT texture analysis is a non-invasive promising method for classifying gastric tumors and predicting gastric adenocarcinoma differentiation.

PMID:34304383 | DOI:10.1007/s11604-021-01181-x

Dysphagia. 2021 Jul 24. doi: 10.1007/s00455-021-10343-y. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Head and neck cancer patients are at high risk of developing dysphagia from undergoing cancer treatment. It is essential for medical and dental practitioners to recognize speech-language pathologists’ role and dysphagia symptoms to provide a timely referral to speech-language pathologists. This study aims to determine the level of awareness, knowledge, and involvement of medical and dental practitioners in dysphagia management. A total of 391 medical and dental practitioners from 22 government hospitals across Malaysia participated in this cross-sectional study. Participants completed the questionnaire specifically on the level of involvement, knowledge, awareness regarding the role of SLP and dysphagia symptoms. The results revealed a statistically significant relationship between the level of awareness of the role of SLP, χ² (4, 391) = 9.87, p = 0.043 and the level of involvement of medical and dental practitioners, χ² (8, 391) = 27.68, p = 0.001 and percentage of referring head and neck cancer patients. The odds of referring head and neck cancer patients for pre-treatment assessment increased three times for each one unit of the participation of medical and dental practitioners [OR] 3.65 (1.56, 8.51) p = 0.003 among those who are already highly involved in dysphagia management. These findings compel healthcare practitioners in head and neck cancer to revisit their collaborative practices. Head and neck cancer patients should receive swallowing management from speech-language pathologists to improve their swallowing function and avoid further complications such as dehydration, malnutrition, and death.

PMID:34304329 | DOI:10.1007/s00455-021-10343-y