Nevin Manimala

J Community Psychol. 2021 Jul 5. doi: 10.1002/jcop.22642. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

The current study adapted the Coronavirus 19 Phobia Scale into Arabic and tested the psychometric properties of the adapted version on 469 Arabic-speaking individuals (mean age = 29.57 years old; SD = 10.39; range = 9-71 years old). After confirmatory analysis found supporting evidence for the four-factor structure, consequent analysis on convergent and discriminant validity and reliability of the Arabic version are also supported. A 2 × 2 between-groups factorial multivariate analysis of variance was used to investigate individual differences in coronaphobia. Results show that there is no significant interaction effect between gender and marital status, λ = 0.973, F (8,460) = 1600, p = 0.121, partial η² = 0. 014; however, the main effect for gender is statistically significant, λ = 0.925, F (4,464) = 9.367, p < 0.001, partial η² = 0.075, power = 1.000, where women score higher than men on all coronaphobia factors. In addition, the main effect for marital status is also significant, λ = 0.923, F (4,464) = 4.701, p < 0.001, partial η² = 0.039, power = 0.998, where singles score higher than married couples on only two coronaphobia factors: Psychological and economic. Based on the findings, we conclude that the effects of coronaphobia have similarities across nations as well as differences unique to the Arabic populations.

PMID:34219236 | DOI:10.1002/jcop.22642

Metabolomics. 2021 Jul 4;17(7):65. doi: 10.1007/s11306-021-01816-0.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Dyslipidemia is a significant risk factor for progression of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Determining the changes in individual lipids and lipid networks across a spectrum of DKD severity may identify lipids that are pathogenic to DKD progression.

METHODS: We performed untargeted lipidomic analysis of kidney cortex tissue from diabetic db/db and db/db eNOS^-/- mice along with non-diabetic littermate controls. A subset of mice were treated with the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) inhibitors, lisinopril and losartan, which improves the DKD phenotype in the db/db eNOS^-/- mouse model.

RESULTS: Of the three independent variables in this study, diabetes had the largest impact on overall lipid levels in the kidney cortex, while eNOS expression and RAS inhibition had smaller impacts on kidney lipid levels. Kidney lipid network architecture, particularly of networks involving glycerolipids such as triacylglycerols, was substantially disrupted by worsening kidney disease in the db/db eNOS^-/- mice compared to the db/db mice, a feature that was reversed with RAS inhibition. This was associated with decreased expression of the stearoyl-CoA desaturases, Scd1 and Scd2, with RAS inhibition.

CONCLUSIONS: In addition to the known salutary effect of RAS inhibition on DKD progression, our results suggest a previously unrecognized role for RAS inhibition on the kidney triacylglycerol lipid metabolic network.

PMID:34219205 | DOI:10.1007/s11306-021-01816-0

J Epidemiol. 2021 Jul 3. doi: 10.2188/jea.JE20210087. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BackgroundThe place of death and related factor such as diseases, symptoms, family burden, and cost has been examined, but social background and lifestyle were not considered in most studies. Here, we assessed factors that are associated with the place of death using the largest cohort study in Japan.MethodsA total of 17,546 deaths from the cohort study were assessed. The study database was created from the Japan Public Health Center-based Prospective Study (JPHC Study) in which demographic data were collected by Japanese Vital Statistics. Adjusted odds ratios for home death were calculated by logistic regression.ResultsMultivariate analysis adjusted for various factors showed that unmarried status (OR 2.4, 95%CI:2.0-2.9), unemployed male (OR 1.3, 95%CI: 1.1-1.5), and high drinking level (OR 1.3, 95%CI:1.1-1.6) were associated with home death. Regarding the cause of death, cardiovascular disease (OR 3.3, 95%CI:2.9-3.8), cerebrovascular disease (OR 1.9, 95%CI:1.6-2.2) and external factors (OR 4.1, 95%CI:3.5-4.8) were significantly associated with home death, compared with cancer. The risk of death at home was significantly higher in unmarried status stratified by cause of death (OR: cardiovascular 3.2, 95%CI:2.2-4.7 / cerebrovascular 5.0, 95%CI:2.8-8.9 / respiratory 3.4, 95%CI:1.6-7.6/ external 2.3, 95%CI:1.4-3.7), but for cancer, the risk of death at home tended to be higher in married status.ConclusionsThis study indicated that various factors are associated with home death using the largest cohort study in Japan. There is a high possibility of home deaths in people with fewer social connections and in those with diseases leading to sudden death.

PMID:34219122 | DOI:10.2188/jea.JE20210087

Biol Pharm Bull. 2021 Jul 3. doi: 10.1248/bpb.b21-00347. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Compound opioid analgesics (COA) are widely used for cancer pain relief, but few studies investigated the use of that. We aimed to report the characteristics and trend of COA consumption in different regions and health facilities in China. The procurement data of two types of COA, compound codeine phosphate (CCP) and oxycodone and acetaminophen (OAA), in all medical institutions of 20 provinces from 2015 to 2018 were used. Data were presented as Defined Daily Dose for Statistical purpose (SDDD) and expenditures per million inhabitants per day. The annual consumption of COA and ratio of two combinations were compared among regions and institutions. We found, during 2015 – 2018, COA consumption increased at an average rate of 7.32% in SDDD and 19.19% in expenditures, while OAA accounted for most of the consumption. Highest COA consumption appeared in Northern China, with 121.72 SDDD and 1689.87 RMB (2015), whereas the lowest COA consumption was only 11.28 SDDD appearing in Southern China. The ratio of OAA and CCP (in SDDD) was highest in Southern China (53.14 in 2018), whereas lowest in West North (0.37 in 2018). In terms of institutions, tertiary had the highest COA consumption, with 16.74 SDDD and 292.73 RMB (2018). The SDDD of OAA was 27.44 times of that of CCP in tertiary, while it was only 0.11 in primary. Overall, COA consumption is on an upward trend and different among regions and health institutions in either amount or types of COA. These findings call for establishment of COA management regulations.

PMID:34219120 | DOI:10.1248/bpb.b21-00347

Tohoku J Exp Med. 2021;254(3):155-161. doi: 10.1620/tjem.254.155.

ABSTRACT

Management of nausea is an important dimension of palliative care. The first choice for treating nausea is antiemetics, but their efficacy is inadequate. Acupressure intervention for nausea in cancer patients has been studied as a non-pharmacological therapy, and appears to have had some effect. However, such a therapy has not been well reviewed in patients with terminal cancer. The purpose of this study was to clarify the feasibility of acupressure intervention and examine its safety and preliminary efficacy. We recruited cancer patients that fulfilled the eligibility criteria and were admitted to the palliative care unit, from August 2018 to February 2019, in Tohoku University Hospital, Japan. We conducted a longitudinal assessment of acupressure intervention in a single arm. We identified the patient’s research accomplishments and evaluated possible fainting due to the vagal reflex and symptom severity. Descriptive statistics were used to calculate the completion rate for the feasibility and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests to compare the average of continuous variables for the safety and efficacy. Twelve patients participated in this study and completed the procedure. Their average age was 70 years (SD = 9.3), and the most common primary cancer sites were the rectum and pancreas. The blood pressure and pulse rate did not drop sharply. Four patients exhibited decreased nausea but there was no statistically significant difference (P = 0.5). We suggested that acupressure has high feasibility and safety, as an intervention for patients with terminal cancer. However, no significant differences were observed regarding its effect on nausea.

PMID:34219104 | DOI:10.1620/tjem.254.155

Arch Esp Urol. 2021 Jul;74(6):592-598.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: We aimed to understand whether laparoscopic ureterolithotomy (LU) is a good alternative to flexible ureterorenoscopic lithotripsy (FURS) by comparing these techniques concerning cost-effectiveness.

METHODS: We analysed 79 patients with upper ureteral stones larger than 1.5 cm underwent FURS or LU concerning cost-effectiveness analysis. The data including age, body mass index (BMI), stone size, operation time, hospitalisation time, complications and stone-free rates of 15th day and 3rd months. We audited the costs of FURS and LU and compared them concerning cost-effectiveness.

RESULTS: There was not any statistically significant difference between the two groups with regard to age, BMI, stone size, stone-free rates at the 3rd month, and complication rates, (p>0.05). The operation times were statistically lower in the FURS than in the LU (61.5±24.3 min and 140.9±49.1 min, respectively, p<0.05). The stone-free rate at the 15th day was lower in the FURS group than in the LU group (31 (81.6%) and 41 (100%), respectively, p<0.05) (Table I). However, this statistical difference disappears at 3 months (p>0.05). The mean costs of FURS and LU were $194.2±12.4 and $179.2±58.5, respectively (p<0.001).

CONCLUSION: FURS is equally effective to LU in terms of stone-free rates. The cost of FURS is higher statistically than LU. FURS is shown as the first choice for the upper ureteral stones larger than 10 mm in size, if the laparoscopic experience is in high-level situations in that clinic, LU may be a suitable alternative to FURS, especially for challenging cases.

PMID:34219062

Korean J Parasitol. 2021 Jun;59(3):251-256. doi: 10.3347/kjp.2021.59.3.251. Epub 2021 Jun 21.

ABSTRACT

We find out the clusters with high toxoplasmosis risk to discuss the geographical pattern in Gyodong-myeon and Samsan-myeon of Ganghwa-gun, Cheorwon-gun, and Goseong-gun, Korea. Seroepidemiological data of toxoplasmosis surveyed using rapid diagnostic tests for the residents in the areas in 2019 were analyzed to detect clusters of the infection. The cluster was investigated using the SaTScan program which is based on Kulldorff’s scan statistic. The clusters were found with P-values in each region analyzed in the program, and the risk and patient incidence of specific areas can be examined by the values such as relative risk and log likelihood ratio. Jiseok-ri and Insa-ri were found to be a cluster in Gyodong-myeon and Seokmo-ri was the cluster in Samsan-myeon. Yangji-ri and Igil-ri were found to be a cluster in Cheorwon-gun and Madal-ri and Baebong-ri were the cluster in Goseong-gun. This findings can be used to monitor and prevent toxoplasmosis infections occurring in vulnerable areas.

PMID:34218596 | DOI:10.3347/kjp.2021.59.3.251

Zhonghua Xue Ye Xue Za Zhi. 2021 May 14;42(5):396-401. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-2727.2021.05.008.

ABSTRACT

Objective: To investigate the survival and prognosis of B-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) patients with TP53 mutation. Methods: The clinical data of 479 newly diagnosed B-ALL patients treated in the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University from January 2016 to December 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. Results: Among 479 B-ALL patients, 34 cases (7.1%) were positive for TP53 gene mutation, and a total of 36 TP53 mutations were detected, including 10 frameshift gene mutations (27.8%) , 23 missense mutations (63.9%) and 3 nonsense mutations (8.3%) . A total of 34 (94.4%) mutations were located in the DNA binding domain (exons 5-8) .The average number of mutated genes in patients with TP53 gene mutation (2.3) and the group without TP53 gene mutation (1.1) were statistically different (P<0.001) . The proportion of Ph positive and Ph-like positive patients in the TP53 gene mutation negative group was significantly higher than that of the TP53 mutation positive group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.001) . The 3-year OS and EFS rates of the TP53 gene mutation negative group were significantly higher than those of the TP53 gene mutation positive group. The differences in OS and EFS rates between the two groups were statistically significant (χ(2)= 4.694, P = 0.030; χ(2)= 5.080, P= 0.024) . In the multivariate analysis, failure to achieve remission (CR) after one course of induction chemotherapy was an independent adverse prognostic factor affecting OS.Of the 34 patients with TP53 mutation, 16 underwent allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) in the CR(1) state, and 2 patients with recurrence after transplantation obtained CR(2) after infusion of donor-derived anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cells. Among the 11 patients with TP53 gene mutation who relapsed during consolidation chemotherapy, 6 received anti-CD19 CAR T cell therapy, 4 patients achieved remission and minimal residual disease (MRD) turned negative, followed by bridging allo-HSCT, and 2 of them sustained CR. Conclusion: Missense mutations are the most common in B-ALL patients with TP53 gene mutation, and the majority of mutations were located in the DNA binding domain. B-ALL patients with TP53 gene mutation should undergo allo-HSCT as soon as possible after CAR-T cell therapy has cleared the MRD after recurrence. B-ALL patients with TP53 gene mutation still have a higher recurrence rate after allo-HSCT, and the infusion of donor-derived CAR-T cells can achieve better sustained remission.

PMID:34218582 | DOI:10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-2727.2021.05.008

Zhonghua Lao Dong Wei Sheng Zhi Ye Bing Za Zhi. 2021 Jun 20;39(6):472-474. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn121094-20201110-00622.

ABSTRACT

Objective: To explore the relationship between shift work and menopausal age and menstruation span of retired women. Methods: During July 2017 and October 2018, the research was performed by using cluster sampling in nine districts of Shenzhen City to select all permanent residents (3518 people) with Shenzhen household registration in which was equal to or over 60 years old from the Community Health Service Centers. The data of age, marital status, menopausal age, smoking, drinking, shift experience and shift years were collected. The relationship between shift work and menopausal age as well as menstruation span of professional women were analyzed by multivariate linear regression model. Results: There were 359 people (10.2%) in the shift experience group, the menopausal age was (49.71±3.63) years, and the menstrual period was (34.27±3.92) years. The non-shift experience group were 3159 people (89.8%) , the menopausal age was (50.20±3.60) years, and the menstrual period was (34.86±4.13) years. The differences of menopausal age and menstrual years between the two groups were statistically significant (P<0.05) . After adjusting for factors such as passive smoking and drinking, the results of the multiple linear regression model showed that menopausal age, menstrual years were negatively correlated with shift work (β=-0.493, -0.575, P<0.05) . Conclusion: Shifts are related to women’s menopausal age and menstrual years, and attention should be paid to the impact of work intensity and circadian rhythm on the occupational health of female employees.

PMID:34218572 | DOI:10.3760/cma.j.cn121094-20201110-00622

Zhonghua Lao Dong Wei Sheng Zhi Ye Bing Za Zhi. 2021 Jun 20;39(6):469-471. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn121094-20210329-00168.

ABSTRACT

Objective: To explore the short-term effects of welding fumes on workers’ lung function in the welding environment preliminarily, and provide reference for future research. Methods: In October 2020, the lung function of the subjects was repeatedly measured before and after the working shift with a panel study. The paired t test was used to compare the lung function before and after the shift, and the linear mixed effects model was used to analyze the short-term changes of lung function. Results: 36 male welders were included, and the average age was (30.72±5.21) years, average employed year was (4.36±2.17) years. And the average concentration of welding fume was (1.27±0.49) mg/m(3). The forced vital capacity (FVC) , forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1) and peak expiratory flow (PEF) of welders after the shift were significantly lower than those before the shift (t=19.52, 48.13, 62.03, P<0.05) . After adjusting the workers’ age, BMI and employed years, the changes of FVC% and FEV1% with the concentration of welding fume were statistically significant (β=-1.02, 95%CI: -1.54–0.52; β=-1.56, 95%CI: -1.95–1.16; P<0.01) . In another word, for the 1 mg/m(3) increase of welding fume in the working environment, compared with the baseline, the FVC decreases by 1.02%, and FEV1 decreases by 1.56%. Conclusion: Short-term exposure to welding fumes in workplace can reduce the lung function of welders.

PMID:34218571 | DOI:10.3760/cma.j.cn121094-20210329-00168