Nevin Manimala

Scars Burn Heal. 2022 Jan 10;8:20595131211049043. doi: 10.1177/20595131211049043. eCollection 2022 Jan-Dec.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Keloids are fibrous lesions formed at the site of trauma due to types I and III collagen irregular production. The presence of thymidylate synthase (TS) is a must for DNA synthesis and repairs causing cell death. 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) is a fluorinated pyrimidine analogue acting as an anti-metabolic agent that inhibits thymidylate synthase and interferes with ribo-nucleic acid (RNA) synthesis.

OBJECTIVES: we aimed to evaluate the level of thymidylate synthase in post burn keloid patients before and after intralesional injection of 5-fluorouracil.

METHODS: The study included 20 keloid patients and 20 healthy subjects as a control. Serum TS was estimated using commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits before and after treatment with 5-fluorouracil.

RESULTS: There was a statistically significant difference in TS levels before and after 5-FU treatment (p < 0.05). Also, results have shown that 5-FU injection has good satisfactory results in treatment of keloid causing reduction in scar volume and symptoms improvement (90% of the patients improved). On the other hand, there was no statistically significant difference in TS levels and the outcomes of the treatment.

CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that intralesional 5-FU injection in keloid has very satisfactory results. However, thymidylate synthase enzyme has a minimal role in evaluating the treatment of keloid, so further studies are required to elaborate the relation between this enzyme and keloid scars.

PMID:35035999 | PMC:PMC8753068 | DOI:10.1177/20595131211049043

Clin Kidney J. 2021 Jul 6;15(1):136-144. doi: 10.1093/ckj/sfab117. eCollection 2022 Jan.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Calcific uraemic arteriolopathy (CUA; calciphylaxis) is a rare disease seen predominantly in patients receiving dialysis. Calciphylaxis is characterized by poorly healing or non-healing wounds, and is associated with mortality, substantial morbidity related to infection and typically severe pain. In an open-label Phase 2 clinical trial, SNF472, a selective inhibitor of vascular calcification, was well-tolerated and associated with improvement in wound healing, reduction of wound-related pain and improvement in wound-related quality of life (QoL). Those results informed the design of the CALCIPHYX trial, an ongoing, randomized, placebo-controlled, Phase 3 trial of SNF472 for treatment of calciphylaxis.

METHODS: In CALCIPHYX, 66 patients receiving haemodialysis who have an ulcerated calciphylaxis lesion will be randomized 1:1 to double-blind SNF472 (7 mg/kg intravenously) or placebo three times weekly for 12 weeks (Part 1), then receive open-label SNF472 for 12 weeks (Part 2). All patients will receive stable background care, which may include pain medications and sodium thiosulphate, in accordance with the clinical practices of each site. A statistically significant difference between the SNF472 and placebo groups for improvement of either primary endpoint at Week 12 will demonstrate efficacy of SNF472: change in Bates-Jensen Wound Assessment Tool-CUA (a quantitative wound assessment tool for evaluating calciphylaxis lesions) or change in pain visual analogue scale score. Additional endpoints will address wound-related QoL, qualitative changes in wounds, wound size, analgesic use and safety.

CONCLUSIONS: This randomized, placebo-controlled Phase 3 clinical trial will examine the efficacy and safety of SNF472 in patients who have ulcerated calciphylaxis lesions. Patient recruitment is ongoing.

PMID:35035944 | PMC:PMC8757410 | DOI:10.1093/ckj/sfab117

Clin Kidney J. 2021 Jul 6;15(1):51-59. doi: 10.1093/ckj/sfab119. eCollection 2022 Jan.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Acute tubulointerstitial nephritis (ATIN) is a common cause of acute kidney injury with various etiologies. It has been shown that autoimmune-related ATIN (AI-ATIN) has a higher recurrence rate and a greater likelihood of developing into chronic kidney disease compared with drug-induced ATIN, yet misdiagnosis at renal biopsy is not uncommon.

METHODS: Patients who were clinicopathologically diagnosed as ATIN from January 2006 to December 2015 in Peking University First Hospital were enrolled. Clinical, pathological and follow-up data were collected. Serum samples on the day of renal biopsy were collected and tested for anti-C-reactive protein (CRP) antibodies. CRP and its linear peptides were used as coating antigens to detect antibodies. Statistical analysis was used to assess the diagnostic value of the antibodies.

RESULTS: Altogether 146 patients were enrolled. The receiver operating characteristic-area under the curve of the anti-CRP antibody for the identification of late-onset AI-ATIN was 0.750 (95% confidence interval 0.641-0.860, P < 0.001) and the positivity was associated with ATIN relapse (adjusted hazard ratio = 4.321, 95% confidence interval 2.402-7.775, P < 0.001). Antibodies detected by CRP linear peptide 6 (PT6) were superior with regard to differentiating patients with AI-ATIN, while antibodies detected by peptide 17 (PT17) could predict ATIN relapse. Antibodies detected by these two peptides were positively correlated with the severity of tubular dysfunction and pathological injury.

CONCLUSIONS: Serum anti-CRP antibody could be used to differentiate late-onset AI-ATIN and predict relapse of ATIN at the time of renal biopsy. The CRP linear peptides PT6 and PT17 could be used as coating antigens to detect anti-CRP antibodies, which may provide more information for the clinical assessment of ATIN.

PMID:35035936 | PMC:PMC8757425 | DOI:10.1093/ckj/sfab119

F1000Res. 2021 Dec 13;10:1275. doi: 10.12688/f1000research.73754.1. eCollection 2021.

ABSTRACT

Background: The biomaterials engineering goal is to manufacture a biocompatible scaffold that adequately supports or improves tissue regeneration after implantation of the biomaterial in the injured area. Many requirements are demanded for a biomaterial, such as biocompatibility, elasticity, degradation time, and a very important factor is its cost of importation or synthesis, making its application inaccessible to some countries. Studies about biomaterials market show that Polylactic acid (PLLA) is one of the most used polymers, but expensive to produce. It becomes important to prove the biocompatibility of the new PLLA and to find strategies to produce biocompatible biopolymers at an acceptable production cost. Methods: In this work, the polylactic acid biomaterial was synthesized by ring-opening polymerization. The polymer was submitted to initial in vivo biocompatibility studies in 12 New Zealand female rabbits, assigned to two groups: (1) Lesion and PLLA group (n = 6), (2) Lesion No PLLA group (n = 6). Each group was divided into two subgroups at six and nine months post-surgical time. Before euthanasia clinical and biochemical studies were performed and after that tomographic (CT), histological (Hematoxylin and Eosin and Masson’s trichrome) and histomorphometric analyses were performed to evaluate the injury site and prove biocompatibility. The final cost of this polymer was analyzed. Results: The statistical studies of hemogram and hepatocyte enzymes, showed that there were no significant differences between the groups for any of the times studied, in any of the variables considered and the results of CT and histology showed that there was an important process of neoregeneration. The cost analysis showed the biopolymer synthesis is between R$3,06 – R$5,49 cheaper than the import cost. Conclusions: It was possible to synthesize the PLLA biopolymer by cyclic ring opening, which proved to be biocompatible, potential osteoregenerative and cheaper than other imported biopolymers.

PMID:35035900 | PMC:PMC8729025 | DOI:10.12688/f1000research.73754.1

F1000Res. 2021 Nov 1;10:1101. doi: 10.12688/f1000research.73657.1. eCollection 2021.

ABSTRACT

Background: Our objective was to estimate the frequency of anisometropia at various educational stages, from pre-school to 9th school year, studying its association with gender, study cycle and area of residence. Methods: 749 children and adolescents (from 3 to 16 years old) participated in this study, 46.7% girls and 42.7% living in a rural environment. The refraction was performed with a paediatric, open field autorefractometer (PlusOptix), without cycloplegic and under binocular conditions. Results: The frequency rate of anisometropia in the studied sample was 6.1%, varying from 2.9% in pre-school education to 9.4% in the 3rd study cycle. Myopic anisometropia was the most frequent and hyperopic and astigmatic anisometropia showed identical proportions of occurrence. No statistical evidence was found to state that the occurrence of anisometropia differs between genders or between areas of residence. Regarding the school cycle, a significant association was found with spherical equivalent anisometropia, with an increase in its frequency with school progress (p=0,012), with myopic anisometropia being the main contributor to this variation. Conclusions: The increase in workload for near tasks has been identified as a risk factor for the increase in myopia. This fact may be related to the increase in anisometropia with the educational stage, found in this study. The high rate of anisometropia found in adolescents (9.4%) as well as the progressive increase in this rate throughout school progress (from 2.9% to 9.4%) suggests the need to extend the detection strategies of this condition to beyond childhood.

PMID:35035896 | PMC:PMC8729023 | DOI:10.12688/f1000research.73657.1

F1000Res. 2021 Oct 12;10:1037. doi: 10.12688/f1000research.73497.1. eCollection 2021.

ABSTRACT

Background: Lack of reproducibility in preclinical research is a problem posing ethical and economic challenges for biomedical science. Various institutional activities from society stakeholders of leading industry nations are currently underway to improve the situation. Such initiatives usually attempt to tackle high-level organisational issues and do not typically focus on improving experimental approaches per se. Addressing these is necessary in order to increase consistency and success rates of lab-to-lab repetitions. Methods: In this project, we statistically evaluated repetitive data of a very basic and widely applied lab procedure, namely quantifying the number of viable cells. The purpose of this was to appreciate the impact of different parameters and instrumentations that may constitute sources of variance in this procedure. Conclusion: By comparing the variations of data acquired under two different procedures, featuring improved stringency of protocol adherence, our project attempts to propose guidelines on how to reduce such variations. We believe our work can contribute to tackling the repeatability crisis in biomedical research.

PMID:35035893 | PMC:PMC8749900 | DOI:10.12688/f1000research.73497.1

Ther Adv Endocrinol Metab. 2022 Jan 10;13:20420188211066699. doi: 10.1177/20420188211066699. eCollection 2022.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Insulin resistance (IR) is common in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Metabolic syndrome (MS) involves IR, arterial hypertension, dyslipidemia, and visceral fat accumulation. Therefore, fatness indices and blood lipid ratios can be considered as screening markers for MS. Our study aimed to evaluate the predictive potential of selected indirect metabolic risk parameters to identify MS in PCOS.

METHODS: This cross-sectional study involved 596 women aged 18-40 years, including 404 PCOS patients diagnosed according to the Rotterdam criteria and 192 eumenorrheic controls (CON). Anthropometric and blood pressure measurements were taken, and blood samples were collected to assess glucose metabolism, lipid parameters, and selected hormone levels. Body mass index (BMI), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR), visceral adiposity index (VAI), lipid accumulation product (LAP), non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C), and triglycerides-to-HDL cholesterol ratio (TG/HDL-C) were calculated. MS was assessed using the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) and the American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (AHA/NHLBI) criteria.

RESULTS: MS prevalence was significantly higher in PCOS versus CON. Patients with both MS and PCOS had more unfavorable anthropometric, hormonal, and metabolic profiles versus those with neither MS nor PCOS and versus CON with MS. LAP, TG/HDL-C, VAI, and WHtR were the best markers and strongest indicators of MS in PCOS, and their cut-off values could be useful for early MS detection. MS risk in PCOS increased with elevated levels of these markers and was the highest when TG/HDL-C was used.

CONCLUSIONS: LAP, TG/HDL-C, VAI, and WHtR are representative markers for MS assessment in PCOS. Their predictive power makes them excellent screening tools for internists and enables acquiring accurate diagnoses using fewer MS markers.

PMID:35035875 | PMC:PMC8755932 | DOI:10.1177/20420188211066699

J Healthc Eng. 2022 Jan 7;2022:9654919. doi: 10.1155/2022/9654919. eCollection 2022.

ABSTRACT

To analyze the causes of muscle soreness and injury during precompetition training in university sports meet and taking the DOMS mechanism as the main line to find a reasonable way to deal with the muscle pain and prevent the injury, 125 college students participating in stadium games training were randomly selected. The muscle pain and injury during the training were obtained through interviews, mathematical statistics, and literature review. The information of exercise load, pain and injury type, exercise ability, pain degree, and recovery time was comprehensively analyzed to study the mechanism of pain and injury formation. Muscle pain and injury occurred in precompetition training, especially in freshmen. After heavy load, muscle soreness occurred, causing DOMS and developing into muscle injury. Affected by the external climate environment, sudden muscle soreness and injury are a gradual transformation process with DOMS as the boundary, which is the comprehensive result of exercise load, water, energy, and material metabolism; control load intensity, water supplement, and energy and material supplement can effectively prevent the occurrence of DOMS, and timely recovery after DOMS symptoms can effectively avoid the occurrence of sports injury. According to the different intensity of exercise, it is of great significance to clarify the mechanism of DOMS and explore effective prevention methods for physical education and sports training.

PMID:35035865 | PMC:PMC8759844 | DOI:10.1155/2022/9654919

J Healthc Eng. 2022 Jan 6;2022:9506915. doi: 10.1155/2022/9506915. eCollection 2022.

ABSTRACT

This study aimed to explore the application value of the intelligent medical communication system based on the Apriori algorithm and cloud follow-up platform in out-of-hospital continuous nursing of breast cancer patients. In this study, the Apriori algorithm is optimized by Amazon Web Services (AWS) and graphics processing unit (GPU) to improve its data mining speed. At the same time, a cloud follow-up platform-based intelligent mobile medical communication system is established, which includes the log-in, my workstation, patient records, follow-up center, satisfaction management, propaganda and education center, SMS platform, and appointment management module. The subjects are divided into the control group (routine telephone follow-up, 163) and the intervention group (continuous nursing intervention, 216) according to different nursing methods. The cloud follow-up platform-based intelligent medical communication system is used to analyze patients’ compliance, quality of life before and after nursing, function limitation of affected limb, and nursing satisfaction under different nursing methods. The running time of Apriori algorithm is proportional to the data amount and inversely proportional to the number of nodes in the cluster. Compared with the control group, there are statistical differences in the proportion of complete compliance data, the proportion of poor compliance data, and the proportion of total compliance in the intervention group (P < 0.05). After the intervention, the scores of the quality of life in the two groups are statistically different from those before treatment (P < 0.05), and the scores of the quality of life in the intervention group were higher than those in the control group (P < 0.05). The proportion of patients with limited and severely limited functional activity of the affected limb in the intervention group is significantly lower than that in the control group (P < 0.05). The satisfaction rate of postoperative nursing in the intervention group is significantly higher than that in the control group (P < 0.001), and the proportion of basically satisfied and dissatisfied patients in the control group was higher than that in the intervention group (P < 0.05).

PMID:35035864 | PMC:PMC8758290 | DOI:10.1155/2022/9506915

J Healthc Eng. 2022 Jan 7;2022:9048123. doi: 10.1155/2022/9048123. eCollection 2022.

ABSTRACT

The objectives of this study were to improve the efficiency and accuracy of early clinical diagnosis of cervical cancer and to explore the application of tissue classification algorithm combined with multispectral imaging in screening of cervical cancer. 50 patients with suspected cervical cancer were selected. Firstly, the multispectral imaging technology was used to collect the multispectral images of the cervical tissues of 50 patients under the conventional white light waveband, the narrowband green light waveband, and the narrowband blue light waveband. Secondly, the collected multispectral images were fused, and then the tissue classification algorithm was used to segment the diseased area according to the difference between the cervical tissues without lesions and the cervical tissues with lesions. The difference in the contrast and other characteristics of the multiband spectrum fusion image would segment the diseased area, which was compared with the results of the disease examination. The average gradient, standard deviation (SD), and image entropy were adopted to evaluate the image quality, and the sensitivity and specificity were selected to evaluate the clinical application value of discussed method. The fused spectral image was compared with the image without lesions, it was found that there was a clear difference, and the fused multispectral image showed a contrast of 0.7549, which was also higher than that before fusion (0.4716), showing statistical difference (P < 0.05). The average gradient, SD, and image entropy of the multispectral image assisted by the tissue classification algorithm were 2.0765, 65.2579, and 4.974, respectively, showing statistical difference (P < 0.05). Compared with the three reported indicators, the values of the algorithm in this study were higher. The sensitivity and specificity of the multispectral image with the tissue classification algorithm were 85.3% and 70.8%, respectively, which were both greater than those of the image without the algorithm. It showed that the multispectral image assisted by tissue classification algorithm can effectively screen the cervical cancer and can quickly, efficiently, and safely segment the cervical tissue from the lesion area and the nonlesion area. The segmentation result was the same as that of the doctor’s disease examination, indicating that it showed high clinical application value. This provided an effective reference for the clinical application of multispectral imaging technology assisted by tissue classification algorithm in the early screening and diagnosis of cervical cancer.

PMID:35035863 | PMC:PMC8759862 | DOI:10.1155/2022/9048123