Nevin Manimala

Crit Rev Anal Chem. 2021 Oct 10:1-17. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Nowadays, wild edible bolete mushrooms are more and more attractive among consumers due to their natural health, nutrition, and delicious characteristics. Appropriate analytical techniques together with multivariate statistics analysis are required for the quality control and evaluation of these edible mushrooms. Ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) and infrared (IR) technologies have the advantages of time-saving, low-cost, and environmentally friendly, are now prominent among major analytical technologies for quality evaluation of bolete mushrooms. Chemometrics methods have been developed to solve classification and regression issues of bolete mushrooms in combination with spectrum. This paper reviewed the most recent applications of UV-Vis and IR technology coupled with chemometrics in wild edible bolete mushrooms, including the identification of species, origin, and storage duration, fraud detection, and antioxidant properties evaluation, and discussed the limitations and prospects of spectroscopy technologies in the researches of bolete mushrooms, excepting to provide a reference for further research and practical application of wild edible bolete mushrooms.

PMID:34632861

Food Sci Technol Int. 2021 Oct 9:10820132211050203. doi: 10.1177/10820132211050203. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Ultrasound is a useful alternative to thermal processing that can be applied to many food products and juices to aid with enzymes and microorganism inactivation and to improve the efficiency of unit operations generally applied in the food industry. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a high-intensity sonication treatment (frequency 20 kHz; intensity 39.4 W/cm²) applied for treatment times from 0 to 105 min on the content of polyphenols, vitamin C, organic acids, and carotenoids, and on the hydrophilic and lipophilic antioxidant capacity and color of orange juice. Treatments were performed in triplicate and data was statistically analyzed. Sonication time did not have a significant effect (P > 0.05) on total polyphenols, total vitamin C, organic acid, and carotenoid contents, lipophilic antioxidant capacity, or juice color. The hydrophilic antioxidant activity and the lutein content increased significantly (P < 0.05) with increased sonication time. These results may be useful as a baseline for the development of sonication treatments that could be used in combination with other traditional and emerging processing approaches to protect the most important bioactive compounds and quality properties of orange juice.

PMID:34632838 | DOI:10.1177/10820132211050203

Cancer Rep (Hoboken). 2021 Oct 10:e1570. doi: 10.1002/cnr2.1570. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Uterine cervical cancer rates also increase with aging. Especially, the primary treatments of patients with cervical cancer include surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy.

AIM: Our aim is to discuss the effect of clinical and histopathological risk factors on survival in patients over 65 years old with invasive cervical cancer in the light of the literature.

METHODS AND RESULTS: The files of 60 patients aged 65 and over who were diagnosed, examined, and treated for invasive cervical uteri cancer between 2004 and 2021 by the gynecological oncology clinic of Akdeniz University were analyzed retrospectively after obtaining approval from the Akdeniz University ethics committee with the number KAEK-110. Detailed written consent was obtained from all patients and their relatives for data analysis. Patients aged 65 and over who were diagnosed with invasive cervical uteri cancer at all stages who accepted treatment were included in the study. The patients who were not included in the study were those who did not accept treatment, did not continue their follow-up regularly, were under 65 years of age, had preinvasive cervical lesion, had a second primary cancer, had an unknown stage, and died due to accidents or similar reasons. When the demographic data of 60 cases were examined, the mean age was 70.5, the youngest age was 65, and the oldest age was 84. When we divided them into two groups by age groups, 76.7% were between 65 and 75 years old and 23.3% were over 75 years old. When the data of 60 patients who were referred to our hospital, which was a tertiary center in the 15 years duration, were examined, the mean disease-progression free survival (PFS) of patients with locally advanced stage was 45 months, however, it was 4 months for metastatic patients, this difference was significant and a statistically significant difference was found between the two groups (p: .001). When the total survival was examined, the mean was 108.7 months in the locally advanced stage group, while it was 2.9 months in metastatic cases, and this difference was also statistically significant between the two groups (p: .001). When we divide the cases into two groups as between 65 and 75 and over 75 years of age, the mean age of disease-free survival is 76.9 months in the 65-75 years old group, while 16 months in the 76-85 years old group, however, the p value of this difference in PFS between the two groups was not significant (p: 0.154). However, when the total survival was examined, it was seen that the mean was 140.4 in the 65-75 years old group, while it was 56 months in the 76-85 years old group and this difference was significant between the two groups (p: .046).

CONCLUSION: In parallel with the increased population worldwide, advanced age cancer rates are increasing. In parallel with the population growth, it should be remembered that the patients over 65 years of age who were diagnosed with invasive uterine cervical cancer had difficulty in accessing screening tests, late diagnosis and inadequate treatment regimens due to concomitant diseases, resulting in recurrence in a short time and poor clinical symptoms due to short total survival.

PMID:34632735 | DOI:10.1002/cnr2.1570

Biomed Res Int. 2021 Oct 1;2021:9963703. doi: 10.1155/2021/9963703. eCollection 2021.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Countries need vital statistics for social and economic planning. World Health Organization (WHO) recommends at least 80% coverage to use registration data on births and deaths for social and economic planning. However, registration remains low in developing countries. National coverage for Kenya in 2014 was 62.2% for births and 45.7% for deaths, with wide regional differentials. Kilifi County in the coastal region in Kenya reported rates below the national coverage at 56% for births and 41% for deaths in 2013.

OBJECTIVE: To determine level of knowledge and practice and reasons for low coverage of birth and death in Kilifi County.

METHOD: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study that employed multistage cluster random sampling procedure to select a sample of 420 households from which household heads and women with children below five years old were surveyed.

RESULTS: Out of the 420 households sampled, about all respondents (99%) were aware of birth registration while death was 77%. Their main sources of information were assistant chiefs at 77% for both birth and death registration and family and friends at 67% for deaths and 52% for births. Coverage for birth registration was 85% and death 63%. More deaths occurred at home (55%) than in hospital (44%) while 55% of deliveries occurred in hospital and 44% at home. Main reasons for not registering death were ignorance (77%) and transport and opportunity cost (21%) while for birth registration were ignorance (42%), travel and opportunity cost (41%), lack of identification documents (9%), and home deliveries (7%).

CONCLUSION: Registration of birth and death has improved in Kilifi County. The drivers are legal and requirements to access social rights. Reasons for not registering are ignorance and opportunity costs. Community should be sensitized on the importance of registration, address home deliveries and deaths, and increase efficiency in registration. Further research is recommended to determine the severity of teenage pregnancy and orphanhood in the county.

PMID:34631893 | PMC:PMC8500746 | DOI:10.1155/2021/9963703

Biomed Res Int. 2021 Sep 30;2021:9957563. doi: 10.1155/2021/9957563. eCollection 2021.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: AKI is known to be associated with inflammation and nutritional status. The novel inflammatory prognostic score CAR (CRP/albumin ratio), which combines inflammation and nutritional status, was hypothesized to be associated with mortality in critically ill AKI patients in this study.

METHODS: The included cases were patients admitted to the ICU of Shandong Provincial Hospital from January 2016 to November 2018 and diagnosed with AKI within 48 hours of ICU admission. From the electronic case database of Shandong Provincial Hospital, we extracted the baseline demographic information, vital signs, routine laboratory parameters, complications, and other data. The above records are measured within 48 hours of admission to ICU. The clinical endpoint was the total cause mortality rate in hospital and 2 years. We constructed two multivariate regression models to determine the statistically significant correlation between CAR and mortality and conducted subgroup analysis to determine the mortality among different subgroups.

RESULTS: A total of 580 patients were included in this study. In multivariate regression analysis, higher CAR was associated with an increase in hospital and two-year all-cause mortality in critically ill patients with AKI after adjusting gender, age, respiratory frequency, temperature, and other confounding factors (tertile 3 versus tertile 1: OR, 95% CI: 2.97, 1.70-5.17; 3.03, 1.68-5.47, respectively; P < 0.001). Subgroup analysis showed that the CAR level in each subgroup increases with hospital mortality in critically ill patients with AKI.

CONCLUSION: The increase of CAR in critically ill patients with AKI was associated with an increased risk of all-cause death.

PMID:34631892 | PMC:PMC8497108 | DOI:10.1155/2021/9957563

Biomed Res Int. 2021 Sep 30;2021:9923012. doi: 10.1155/2021/9923012. eCollection 2021.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Heterosexual transmission within serodiscordant relationships is the core source of new HIV infections. Although consistent condom use can significantly reduce HIV transmission risk among serodiscordant couples, it has not been extensively studied in Ethiopia. Consequently, the current study looked at the proportion of serodiscordant couples in Ethiopia who used condoms consistently and the factors associated with that.

METHODS: A cross-sectional was conducted from October 2019 to June 2020. For the quantitative findings to be more robust and reliable, a qualitative design was incorporated. An interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect the data. Qualitative data were collected using gender-matched four focus group discussions. Multivariable logistic regression was conducted to identify factors associated with consistent condom use. The statistical significance of the variables was declared at a P value of less than 0.05.

RESULTS: This study confirmed that the proportion of consistent condom use was 58.4% [95% CI: 53.1-63.1%]. After controlling for all other variables, unmarried partners, adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 0.44 [95% CI: 0.229-0.877] and students and employees, AOR = 0.33 [95% CI: 0.130-0.846] and AOR = 0.39 [95% CI: 0.165-0.939], respectively, were less likely consistently use condoms, whereas couples living together, AOR = 1.86 [95% CI: 1.197-2.195], receiving counseling about condom use, AOR = 1.90 [95% CI: 1.182-3.076], and having more knowledge about HIV, AOR = 1.61 [95% CI: 1.031-2.525] were more likely to use condoms consistently.

CONCLUSION: Despite its importance, the proportion of consistent condom use among serodiscordant couples was significantly low. To improve condom use consistently, planners, policymakers, and health care practitioners should consider the factors listed above when making decisions. There should be an increased focus on student and employee intervention as well.

PMID:34631890 | PMC:PMC8497122 | DOI:10.1155/2021/9923012

Biomed Res Int. 2021 Sep 30;2021:7375779. doi: 10.1155/2021/7375779. eCollection 2021.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate the shear bond strength and the nanoleakage expression of CLEARFIL Universal Bond Quick and Tetric N-Bond adhesive systems bonded to dentin.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: 100 freshly extracted human premolar teeth were utilized. The teeth were sectioned to expose dentin. All dentin specimens were assigned into 4 experimental groups; 2 groups had Universal Bond Quick (Universal_self group) and Tetric N-Bond (Tetric_self group) applied in the self-etch mode, while 2 groups had Universal Bond Quick (Universal_total group) and Tetric N-Bond (Tetric_total group) applied in the total-etch mode. n = 15 for shear bond strength and n = 10 for nanoleakage experiment. One-way ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis test were utilized to analyze the shear bond strength test and the nanoleakage expression, respectively.

RESULTS: The highest significant bond strength value was recorded by the Tetric_self specimens (p < 0.05) when compared to the remaining three groups. There were no statistically significant differences between the shear bond strength values recorded in the Tetric_total, Universal_self, and Universal_total groups (p < 0.05). Both bonding systems applied in the self-etch mode (Universal_self, Tetric_self) had no silver nitrate deposits in the hybrid layer and the hybrid layer-adhesive interface (p < 0.001); however, both bonding systems applied in the total-etch mode (Universal_total, Tetric_total) had silver nitrate deposits in the hybrid layer, the hybrid layer-adhesive interface, and the bonding layer (p < 0.001).

CONCLUSION: Applying the Universal Bond Quick and Tetric N-Bond in the self-etch mode exhibited better results in terms of nanoleakage expression. Universal Bond Quick showed the stability of the shear bond strength to dentin when applied using the total-etch or self-etch modes. Tetric N-Bond showed significant deterioration in bond strength when applied in the total-etch mode and exhibited the highest bond strength when applied in the self-etch mode.

PMID:34631886 | PMC:PMC8497110 | DOI:10.1155/2021/7375779

Front Vet Sci. 2021 Sep 23;8:721800. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2021.721800. eCollection 2021.

ABSTRACT

Background: Despite the investments made in veterinary diagnostic laboratory service delivery in Uganda, the scope and level of utilization remains low. This study aimed to determine the priority livestock diseases for which farmers and animal health professionals require veterinary diagnostic laboratory services, document the perceptions and opinions of key stakeholders on veterinary diagnostic laboratory services, and determine the factors that influence the delivery and utilization of animal disease diagnostic services in Uganda. Methods: A qualitative study approach involving a survey and key informant interviews was used to collect relevant data from four stakeholder groups: animal health workers, laboratory technologists and technicians, farmers, and key informants. The survey data were exported to excel, and descriptive statistics performed. The key informant interview recordings were transcribed, and thematic analysis performed. Results: The most reported diseases and conditions for which diagnostic services were needed were hemoparasites (including East Coast fever, anaplasmosis, babesiosis, and trypanosomosis), viral (including Foot and mouth disease, lumpy skin disease, rift valley fever, and papillomatosis), bacteria (including brucellosis, colibacillosis, anthrax, leptospirosis, and paratuberculosis) and protozoa diseases (coccidiosis), endoparasites (helminths), and mastitis. The most common diagnostic laboratory tests requested by clients, but laboratories were unable to provide included: rapid tests for contagious bovine pleuropneumonia, Foot and mouth disease, Newcastle disease, acaricide analysis, culture and antimicrobial sensitivity test, serology, and complete blood count. The most frequently reported challenges to providing diagnostic laboratory services were poor or lack of relevant equipment, insufficient or lack of supplies and reagents, high cost of reagents, inadequate or lack of laboratory staff to perform tests, and inadequate training of laboratory staff. Conclusions: This study highlighted the need to improve provision of laboratory diagnostic services to meet the prioritized diagnostic needs of farmers and animal health professionals. Increased intersectoral engagement and funding support from the private, industry, and government sectors is necessary to help address the observed challenges to provision of diagnostic laboratory services, including equipping of the laboratories, provision of supplies, and hiring and training of laboratory staff. Finally, the findings also suggest that the education of farmers and animal health workers on the value and benefits of laboratory diagnostic services may contribute to increase in sample submission and subsequent demand for diagnostic laboratory services.

PMID:34631853 | PMC:PMC8494769 | DOI:10.3389/fvets.2021.721800

Front Cardiovasc Med. 2021 Sep 23;8:746228. doi: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.746228. eCollection 2021.

ABSTRACT

Background: This study was aimed to investigate the relationship between first 24-h mean body temperature and clinical outcomes of post cardiac surgery patients admitted to intensive care unit (ICU) in a large public clinical database. Methods: This is a retrospectively observational research of MIMIC III dataset, a total of 6,122 patients included. Patients were divided into 3 groups according to the distribution of body temperature. Multivariate cox analysis and logistic regression analysis were used to investigate the association between abnormal temperature, and clinical outcomes. Results: Hypothermia (<36°C) significantly associated with increasing in-hospital mortality (HR 1.665, 95%CI 1.218-2.276; p = 0.001), 1-year mortality (HR 1.537, 95% CI 1.205-1.961; p = 0.001), 28-day mortality (HR 1.518, 95% CI 1.14-2.021; p = 0.004), and 90-day mortality (HR 1.491, 95% CI 1.144-1.943; p = 0.003). No statistical differences were observed between short-term or long-term mortality and hyperthermia (>38°C). Hyperthermia was related to the extended length of ICU stay (p < 0.001), and hospital stay (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Hypothermia within 24h after ICU admission was associated with the increased mortality of post cardiac surgery patients. Enhanced monitoring of body temperature within 24h after cardiac surgery should be taken into account for improving clinical outcomes.

PMID:34631839 | PMC:PMC8494946 | DOI:10.3389/fcvm.2021.746228

Front Cardiovasc Med. 2021 Sep 24;8:719523. doi: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.719523. eCollection 2021.

ABSTRACT

Objective: Evaluate the evidence on the abnormalities of the aortic root and heart valves, risk and prognostic factors for heart valve disease and valve replacement surgery in spondyloarthritis. Methods: A systematic literature review was performed using Medline, EMBASE and Cochrane databases until July 2021. Prevalence, incidence, risk and prognostic factors for heart valve disease; dimension, morphology, and pathological abnormalities of the valves were analyzed. Patient characteristics (younger age, history of cardiac disease or longer disease duration) and period of realization were considered for the analysis. The SIGN Approach was used for rating the quality of the evidence of the studies. Results: In total, 37 out of 555 studies were included. Overall, the level of evidence was low. The incidence of aortic insufficiency was 2.5-3.9‰. Hazard Ratio for aortic insufficiency was 1.8-2.0. Relative risk for aortic valve replacement surgery in ankylosing spondylitis patients was 1.22-1.46. Odds ratio for aortic insufficiency was 1.07 for age and 1.05 for disease duration. Mitral valve abnormalities described were mitral valve prolapse, calcification, and thickening. Aortic valve abnormalities described were calcification, thickening and an echocardiographic “subaortic bump.” Abnormalities of the aorta described were thickening of the wall and aortic root dilatation. The most common microscopic findings were scarring of the adventitia, lymphocytic infiltration, and intimal proliferation. Conclusions: A higher prevalence and risk of aortic valve disease is observed in patients with ankylosing spondylitis. Studies were heterogeneous and analysis was not adjusted by potential confounders. Most studies did not define accurate outcomes and may have detected small effects as being statistically significant.

PMID:34631824 | PMC:PMC8498574 | DOI:10.3389/fcvm.2021.719523