Nevin Manimala

Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2025 Jul 10. doi: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-25-0379. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Racial and ethnic minority patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) are underrepresented in studies on health behavior and mortality.

METHODS: We examined the association between post-diagnosis health behavior and mortality in the Multiethnic Cohort (MEC), a diverse group of 215,000 participants from Hawai’i and Los Angeles (recruited 1993-1996). Follow-up was through December 31, 2019. Post-diagnosis health behavior was assessed using a modified World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute of Cancer Research (WCRF/AICR) score (excluding ultra-processed foods). The primary outcome was overall mortality; CRC-specific mortality was secondary.

RESULTS: Among 1,079 eligible participants, 489 (45.3%) were women, and 850 (78.8%) self-identified as racial/ethnically minoritized people. Over a median follow-up of 12.2 years, there were 613 all-cause deaths and 105 CRC-related deaths. Median time from diagnosis to questionnaire completion was 5 years (interquartile range, IQR: 2-8). Higher WCRF/AICR scores (4.5-7) were associated with lower risk of overall mortality compared to lower scores (≤2.25) (HR: 0.63; 95% CI: 0.45, 0.87). Risk of CRC-specific mortality was also lower but not statistically significant. Among individual health behaviors, physical activity was associated with lower risk of all-cause and CRC-specific mortality (reference: <75 min/week), with HRs of 0.59 (95% CI: 0.43, 0.81) for 75-<150 min/week and 0.51 (95% CI: 0.41, 0.64) for ≥150 min/week.

CONCLUSIONS: Higher adherence to WCRF/AICR guidelines, particularly engaging in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, was associated with lower risk of mortality in long-term CRC survivors.

IMPACT: These findings support the generalizability of prior studies examining adherence to WCRF/AICR guidelines to a broader group of patients with CRC.

PMID:40638065 | DOI:10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-25-0379

Ophthalmol Ther. 2025 Jul 10. doi: 10.1007/s40123-025-01199-8. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: To evaluate early postoperative changes in the posterior corneal surface, anterior chamber parameters, and Belin/Ambrósio Enhanced Ectasia Display (BAD) scores following photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) using Pentacam tomography.

METHODS: This observational study included 102 eyes of 51 patients (mean age 28.43 ± 6.27 years) undergoing alcohol-assisted PRK for myopia and/or astigmatism. Preoperative and 1-month postoperative assessments were performed using the Pentacam system, measuring, anterior chamber depth (ACD), anterior chamber volume (ACV), central corneal thickness, posterior keratometry, posterior elevation, and BAD scores. PRK was conducted with a WaveLight^® EX 500 excimer laser, followed by mitomycin-C application. Statistical analysis utilized paired t-tests and Pearson’s correlation.

RESULTS: At 1 month post-PRK, ACV significantly decreased (p < 0.01), while ACD reduction was not significant (p = 0.40). Posterior keratometry (K1, K2, Kmean) and astigmatism decreased (p < 0.01), with a mean posterior elevation increase of -2.50 ± 2.94 µm (p < 0.01). A weak negative correlation was observed between maximum posterior elevation difference and ablation depth (p = 0.03, r = -0.20) and ablation depth/preoperative pachymetry ratio (p = 0.03, r = -0.20). BAD-D scores (Dp, Dt, Da, total D) significantly increased (p < 0.01), except for Df (p = 0.41). No correlation was found with preoperative pachymetry or residual stroma.

CONCLUSIONS: PRK induces minimal posterior corneal protrusion and BAD score changes at 1 month, potentially mimicking early ectasia. Multimodal testing is advised for accurate ectasia detection. Larger, longer-term studies are needed to validate these findings.

PMID:40638060 | DOI:10.1007/s40123-025-01199-8

Methods Mol Biol. 2025;2953:311-322. doi: 10.1007/978-1-0716-4694-6_20.

ABSTRACT

Proximity labeling combined with mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics has become an essential tool in interactomics. Proximity-dependent biotin identification (BioID) is a versatile method for identifying interacting and neighboring proteins within their native cellular environments. In BioID, the target (bait) protein is fused to a mutated BirA tag that biotinylates vicinal proteins (preys), which are subsequently purified and analyzed using LC-MS/MS. While data-dependent acquisition (DDA) has been the standard for MS-based proteomics, it suffers from bias toward abundant peptides, leading to missing data. In contrast, data-independent acquisition (DIA) improves the identification of low-abundant peptides, providing a more comprehensive proteomic analysis. This chapter outlines a data analysis workflow for BioID experiments in both DDA and DIA modes, using data from a study on the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) as an example. Data analysis was performed using MaxQuant, FragPipe, and DIA-NN, with downstream processing and statistical analysis conducted in R, incorporating SAINTq to enhance the reliability of bait-prey interaction identification.

PMID:40638057 | DOI:10.1007/978-1-0716-4694-6_20

J Robot Surg. 2025 Jul 10;19(1):369. doi: 10.1007/s11701-025-02558-0.

ABSTRACT

This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the differences in efficacy and safety between robotic navigated pedicle screw insertion and conventional free-hand techniques in the management of lumbar spondylolisthesis. Utilizing a predefined search strategy, we systematically searched four major biomedical databases-PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Embase-up to January 27, 2025. After rigorous screening, six eligible clinical studies (comprising prospective cohort studies and retrospective analyses) involving 260 patients in total were incorporated into the quantitative synthesis. The primary outcomes measured included screw placement accuracy, operative time, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative drainage volume, length of hospital stay, Visual Analog Scale (VAS) score, Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), and the incidence of complications. The results revealed that robot-assisted pedicle screw placement significantly outperformed traditional manual placement regarding screw placement accuracy, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative drainage volume, length of hospital stay, and VAS score (P < 0.05). However, robot-assisted surgery was linked to a notably longer surgical duration compared to manual methods (WMD > 0, P < 0.05). To summarize, robot-assisted pedicle screw placement demonstrates significant advantages over traditional manual placement in the management of lumbar spondylolisthesis, with its safety and efficacy further validated.

PMID:40638017 | DOI:10.1007/s11701-025-02558-0

Psychiatr Q. 2025 Jul 10. doi: 10.1007/s11126-025-10185-z. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by impairments that persist into adulthood. Despite advancements in our understanding of ADHD, the factors influencing its course remain unclear. The inflammatory hypothesis suggests that immune dysregulation may contribute to ADHD pathophysiology. However, research examining inflammation in adult ADHD is limited. This cross-sectional study aimed to compare complete blood count (CBC) parameters and derived inflammatory indices between adult patients with ADHD and healthy controls, with particular attention to sex differences. The study included 72 drug-free adults with ADHD (aged 18-38 years) diagnosed according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) and 72 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. CBC parameters and inflammatory indices, including neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR), basophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (BLR), mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet distribution width (PDW), systemic immune-inflammatory index (SII), and pan-immune inflammatory value (PIV), were compared between the groups. Monocyte counts were significantly higher in the ADHD group than in the control group (p = 0.019). Sex-specific analysis revealed no significant differences in inflammatory parameters among females. However, male patients with ADHD showed significantly elevated leukocyte, neutrophil, and monocyte counts compared to male controls (p = 0.031, p = 0.049, and p = 0.038, respectively). These findings suggest that elevated monocyte levels, indicative of chronic inflammation, may have diagnostic implications in adult ADHD, particularly among males. These findings underscore the necessity to incorporate sex-specific biological mechanisms when investigating and developing therapeutic strategies for ADHD.

PMID:40638003 | DOI:10.1007/s11126-025-10185-z

Ann Biomed Eng. 2025 Jul 10. doi: 10.1007/s10439-025-03777-0. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: Iliac wing fractures due to lap belt loading have been observed in laboratory settings for 50 years and recent data suggest they are also occurring in the field. Automated driving systems (ADS) and other occupant compartment advancements are expected to offer enhanced flexibility in seating orientation, which could place a greater reliance on the seatbelt to restrain occupants. Such changes may increase seatbelt loads and create new challenges in successfully restraining occupants and mitigating injury to areas, such as the pelvis. Injury criteria exist for component-level male iliac wing fractures resulting from frontal lap belt loading, but not for females.

METHODS: This study explored female iliac wing fracture tolerance in the same loading environment as a previous study that explored the fracture tolerance of isolated male iliac wings. Male and female fracture data were combined to evaluate the effect of sex. Injury risk functions were created by fitting Weibull survival models to data that integrated censored and exact failure observations.

RESULTS: Twenty female iliac wings were tested; fourteen of them sustained fracture with known failure forces (exact), but the remaining six wings either (1) did not fracture or (2) fractured after an event that changed the boundary conditions (right-censored). The fracture tolerance of the tested specimens ranged widely (1134-8759 N) and averaged 4240 N (SD 2516 N).

CONCLUSION: Female data and combined male-female data were analyzed. Age was the only covariate investigated in this study that had a statistically significant effect and improved the predictive performance of the models.

PMID:40638001 | DOI:10.1007/s10439-025-03777-0

Int J Lang Commun Disord. 2025 Jul-Aug;60(4):e70084. doi: 10.1111/1460-6984.70084.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: As people with Parkinson’s experience progressive communication changes, effective, implementable speech and language therapy (SLT) interventions are needed. Process evaluations alongside pragmatic randomised controlled trials (RCTs) are of clinical value if they describe, compare and understand the implementation of trial interventions. This paper reports the PD COMM process evaluation. PD COMM was a large, UK multi-centre phase III pragmatic RCT of SLT in the National Health Service (NHS). It recruited 388 people with Parkinson’s who were randomised to Lee Silverman Voice Treatment (LSVT), Standard NHS SLT, or no dysarthria intervention.

AIMS: To describe and compare the content and service delivery components of the PD COMM SLT interventions; understand experiences of implementing LSVT; explain trial outcomes; and reflect on implications for practice and research.

METHODS AND PROCEDURES: We took a pragmatic, mixed methods approach. The intervention description team used a sub-sample of routine therapy notes and trial record forms, the Template for Intervention Description and Replication (TIDieR) and simple descriptive statistics to compare Individual Participant Therapy Data (LSVT n = 51; Standard NHS SLT n = 54). In parallel, informed by Normalisation Process Theory (NPT), the implementation team conducted qualitative interviews with a sub-sample of therapists (n = 20) and participants (n = 24) to understand the additional work of implementing LSVT. The core process evaluation team met to integrate the findings in relation to the trial outcomes.

OUTCOMES AND RESULTS: LSVT was largely delivered per protocol, tailored to participants’ interests and interactions. Dosage was a key difference between the two interventions, commonly achieved by two or more therapists delivering LSVT. Effective mechanisms were LSVT’s structured design, repetitive and social nature, practise requirements and focus on volume. Standard NHS SLT was eclectic, reflecting a range of clinical approaches at a lower intensity, including some techniques and activities in common with LSVT. Although focused on impairment therapy, including specific voice therapy techniques, it also featured cognitive-linguistic and psychosocial targets and low technology augmentative and alternative communication (AAC). The trial design may have limited opportunities for group intervention.

CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: Any LSVT roll-out needs service support and coordination, and should take an inclusive approach. Future research of Standard NHS SLT should explore a rationale for dosage and more explicit tailoring to individuals and their families. There is also a pressing need to deliver the benefits of LSVT in a cost-effective manner and to develop a range of evidence-based, implementable alternatives as people’s communication support needs change.

WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS: What is already known on the subject Lee Silverman Voice Treatment (LSVT) has a body of incrementally-developed evidence from effectiveness trials but has not previously been tested in a pragmatic randomised controlled trial (RCT) with an embedded process evaluation. What this paper adds to the existing knowledge This mixed methods process evaluation paper describes and compares content and service delivery components to understand similarities and differences between LSVT and Standard NHS SLT interventions and experiences of implementing LSVT in the UK NHS. What are the potential or actual clinical implications of this work? Services can use the findings to plan delivery of intensive interventions and to reflect on the content and service delivery aspects of locally Standard NHS SLT and how it might be improved.

PMID:40637984 | DOI:10.1111/1460-6984.70084

Infection. 2025 Jul 10. doi: 10.1007/s15010-025-02596-8. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: This study aimed to assess the associations between serum concentrations of copper, zinc and selenium, and pneumonia death risk.

METHODS: Study included 2088 men from the Kuopio Ischaemic Heart Disease Risk Factor Study aged 42-60 years. Pneumonia deaths were collected by computer linkage to the national Causes of Death Register. Cox proportional hazards regression models, adjusted for multiple variables, were used for analysis.

RESULTS: During a mean follow-up of 21.7 years (SD 7.5 years), 139 pneumonia deaths occurred. The multivariable-adjusted hazard ratio for pneumonia death in the highest serum copper-to-zinc-ratio and copper concentration tertiles were 1.75 (95% CI: 1.13-2.71) and 1.64 (95% CI: 1.08-2.50), respectively. Serum zinc concentration showed a statistically significant association with pneumonia death, with the lowest risk observed in the second tertile and no further decrease in risk in the highest tertile. Serum copper-to-selenium ratio nor selenium concentrations were associated with pneumonia death risk.

CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that a higher serum copper-to-zinc-ratio and higher serum copper concentration are associated with increased risk of pneumonia death, while a higher serum zinc concentration is linked to a decreased risk of pneumonia death in middle-aged and older men.

PMID:40637965 | DOI:10.1007/s15010-025-02596-8

Spine Deform. 2025 Jul 10. doi: 10.1007/s43390-025-01107-x. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Vertebral body tethering (VBT) has continued to gain popularity for the treatment of idiopathic scoliosis (IS); however, complication and reoperation rates have been reported as high as 25%. There is a paucity of data on the clinical and long-term outcomes of VBT. The purpose of this study is to determine how complications from VBT effect patient quality of life (QOL) up to three years after surgery.

METHODS: In this retrospective cohort study, the patients were identified via an analysis of multi-center electronic medical record data from the Pediatric Spine Study Group (PSSG). All patients who underwent VBT for IS were included. The dataset was screened to include only patients who had patient reported outcome data documented both before and after surgery. Patient demographics, surgery dates, complications, Early Onset Scoliosis Questionnaire (EOSQ) scores, and Scoliosis Research Society (SRS) scores were collected. Complications were classified using the modified Clavien-Dindo-Sink (mCDS) complication classification system. The analysis of QOL after surgery was determined comparing survey scores of patients with and without any complication over time. Additional analysis was similarly performed comparing patients with no or mild complications, defined as mCDS grade I and II, to those with severe complications, defined as mCDS grade IIIA or above.

RESULTS: The study consisted of 339 total surveys from 81 patients with EOSQ data and 293 total surveys from 101 patients with SRS data. Among the 81 patients with EOSQ data, 15 patients experienced a complication, with eight patients suffering a severe complication. Among the 101 patients with SRS data, 42 patients experienced a complication, and 22 patients suffered a severe complication. When comparing patients with a complication to those with without a complication, patients with complications had significantly lower total EOSQ scores at 2, 2.5, and 3 years after surgery (p = 0.009, 0.001, and < 0.001 respectively); however, there was no difference in total SRS scores at any time point. In comparing patients with severe complications to pts with mild complications/no complication, patients with severe complications had significantly worse total EOSQ at 2, 2.5, and 3 years after surgery (p = 0.018, 0.002, & < 0.001) and SRS scores at 2, 2.5, and 3 years after surgery (p = 0.040, 0.018, 0.010).

CONCLUSION: Patients with any complication from VBT had worse EOSQ scores at 2 years after surgery. Severe complications (mCDS > IIIA) following VBT manifest with decreasing EOSQ and SRS scores over time and become statistically significant at 2 years and beyond. The magnitude of difference in EOSQ and SRS scores between the groups also increases over time. Longer-term follow-up will ascertain whether these poorer QOL outcomes persist at time points greater than 3 years. Long-term follow up will be important following VBT to compare to PSF for improved patient and parent education.

PMID:40637961 | DOI:10.1007/s43390-025-01107-x

J Appl Gerontol. 2025 Jul 10:7334648251319842. doi: 10.1177/07334648251319842. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

In May 2024, new rules were established by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services that require nursing homes to provide a specific number of nurse aide hours per nursing home resident day. Nursing homes (NHs) will have difficulty abiding by this rule if nurse aide (NA) turnover is high, which is currently found in many NHs. Research has shown that one factor influencing NA turnover is NA feelings of supervisor support (SS). Our objective is to identify characteristics that are associated with and appear to affect NA perceptions of SS. We surveyed 294 NAs working within 11 NHs in the north Texas region. A regression analysis identified five of 10 variables that had a statistically significant association with SS. Findings suggest that SS is created through NA participation in decision-making, ability to modify the work, information-sharing between NAs and supervisors, and supervisor feedback on NA suggestions.

PMID:40637025 | DOI:10.1177/07334648251319842