Nevin Manimala

Pol Merkur Lekarski. 2025;53(3):321-327.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Aim: Assessment of the risk of soil and groundwater contamination by triazine herbicides to reduce anthropogenic environment pollution and decrease the potential negative impact on public health in Ukraine and the EU.

PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and Methods: 14 preparations containing 5 active substances of the triazine class and its environmental fate in soil and water considering Ukraine and EU climatic conditions. Methods of in-field hygienic experiment, gas-liquid chromatography, analytical and statistical methods, hygienic modelling using Experimental Leaching Index (ELI), (GUS), (RLPI), (LIX), (DT50) and (KOC), SCI-GROW, LEACHmod.

RESULTS: Results: Analysis of the physicochemical properties of studied substances showed that they were classified as mobile or moderately mobile by migration ability. Calculated T50 for studied substances allowed us to determine the hazard classes for them. Substances pertain to 2-3 classes (promethrin and terbuthylazine – class 2, moderately persistent (30-100 days), tribenuron-methyl, thifensulfuron-methyl and metribuzin – class 3, weak persistency (less than 30 days)). The determination coefficient (R2) values ranged from 0.704 to 0.995.

CONCLUSION: Conclusions: According to the GUS, most of the studied substances have a moderate possibility of leaching into groundwater, except for thifensulfuron-methyl. While in EU soils the index for promethrin is very low, tribenuron-methyl is low, terbuthylazine and metribuzin are moderate, and thifensulfuron-methyl is high. The SCI-GROW assessment showed that most of them have significantly lower values in Ukraine than international values (except for promethrin), which can be explained by significant dissimilarities in maximum application rates, number of treatments, and in some cases – different resistance of substances in Ukrainian and EU soils.

PMID:40633071

Pol Merkur Lekarski. 2025;53(3):312-320. doi: 10.36740/Merkur202503103.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Aim: To compare indicators of the level of stress and the tendency to be exposed to stressogenic factors in internally displaced persons who moved from regions of active hostilities in the first three months after the full-scale Russian invasion.

PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and Methods: The following diagnostic tools were used in the study: 1. “Test for determining the level of stress” (according to V. Shcherbatykh, adapted by H. Kharko ), the essence of which is to determine the level of stress of a person. The test contains several sections that are responsible for a certain sign of stress – intellectual, behavioral signs, emotional and physiological symptoms. 2. “Questionnaire for self-diagnosis of the type of behavior in a stressful situation” (according to V. Boyko), which allows you to identify reactions to stress and the tendency to be influenced by stressogenic factors depending on the type of behavior in a stressful situation. Analysis, synthesis, generalization, concretization, systematization, comparison, forecasting, and mathematical statistics were used to process, compare, evaluate, and interpret the obtained research results. Data processing was carried out using Jamovi 2.2.5 and RStudio 2024.04.1.

RESULTS: Results: The relevance of the topic deals with the importance of the need to preserve, develop and strengthen the health of the individual, in particular in the conditions of war, which appears as a serious stress factor that tests a person. A special category that requires research on the level of stress and the tendency to be influenced by stress factors are internally displaced persons who have moved from regions of active hostilities and have a whole set of problems related to the lack of housing, work, adaptation in a new place, establishing communication, finding new resources of existence, etc. Long-term stress has a negative effect on the human body, in particular on intellectual, behavioral, emotional, and physiological manifestations. Among 134 respondents, 92 women, 29 men and 13 respondents did not indicate their gender participated in the study. The average age of the respondents was: Me=36, Q 1=32, Q 3=44 (N =118); 16 respondents did not indicate their age. The distribution of respondents’ age indicators was not subject to a normal distribution according to the Gaussian curve.

CONCLUSION: Conclusions: During the study of groups of internally displaced persons (hereinafter IDPs), which were formed according to time, gender and age criteria, moderate direct correlations were found between indicators of the level of stress and indicators of the tendency to be influenced by stressogenic factors, depending on the type of behavior in a stressful situation. Correlation is observed both for general indicators and component blocks of stress manifestations (intellectual, behavioral, emotional and physiological), which confirms the relationship between psychophysiological indicators of stress and the type of stress behavior. Our study among internally displaced persons aged 18-81 years who moved from regions of active hostilities proved the absence of a difference between women and men in the level of stress, and differences in the manifestations of intellectual, behavioral signs, emotional and physiological symptoms.

PMID:40633070 | DOI:10.36740/Merkur202503103

J Am Coll Health. 2025 Jul 9:1-9. doi: 10.1080/07448481.2025.2519375. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Explore student experience of campus green space, examining its connections to race and ethnicity, sexual orientation, welcomeness and housing type.

PARTICIPANTS: Undergraduate students at a state university who completed an online survey (n = 387) and focus groups (n = 9) in Fall 2022.

METHODS: Mixed methods approach, using SPSS for quantitative analysis and thematic analysis of long-response survey questions and focus groups for qualitative data.

RESULTS: Quantitative tests revealed a significant relationship between feeling welcome and use as well as type of housing and use. Although there are no statistically significant trends based on race, ethnicity and sexual orientation, qualitative data revealed their hesitance to use campus greenspace.

DISCUSSION: Campus green space can be used to evaluate levels of wellbeing and belonging on campus. Given the proven positive effects of greenspace, findings can inform discourse on wellbeing, belonging, and adapting greenspace so that students are encouraged to engage in it more.

PMID:40633050 | DOI:10.1080/07448481.2025.2519375

Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2025 Dec;21(1):2515760. doi: 10.1080/21645515.2025.2515760. Epub 2025 Jul 9.

ABSTRACT

Pneumococcal disease (PD) is associated with high morbidity and mortality, specifically among individuals ≥65 years of age and those with underlying medical conditions (UMCs). This retrospective cohort study estimated the clinical burden of PD in adults ≥18 years of age with or without UMCs in France. Data were obtained from the French National Health Data System for four yearly cohorts (1 January 2015-31 December 2018). Characteristics of patients with UMCs, with or without PD (UMC population), and the incidence rate and lethality rate of PD leading to hospitalization (in-patient PD population), stratified by age and risk status, were described. In the UMC population (n = 7,947,622; mean age: 65 years), the incidence rate of in-patient PD episodes was 121.98 per 100,000 person-years and was highest among individuals ≥65 years of age (138.52) and in those considered medium-risk (102.45) or high-risk (165.77). In the in-patient PD population (n = 41,885), 59.6% were ≥65 years of age; 1-year all-cause mortality following the initial in-patient PD episode was 26.5%. Individuals ≥65 years of age (regardless of risk status) had a higher risk of PD leading to hospitalization than individuals 18-64 years of age. This study shows a high burden of PD in France due to in-patient PD among adults with UMCs, particularly in those ≥65 years of age, despite their eligibility for pneumococcal vaccination. This highlights the need for higher vaccination coverage, supported by the recent extension of vaccination to all people ≥65 years of age, regardless of their health risk status.

PMID:40633023 | DOI:10.1080/21645515.2025.2515760

Am J Public Health. 2025 Aug;115(8):1222-1225. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2025.308125.

ABSTRACT

Unconditional cash interventions, such as guaranteed income, are a proposed solution for mediating the adverse health outcomes associated with financial scarcity. To test this, the City of Los Angeles, California, conducted a mixed-methods, randomized controlled trial in which they gave 3202 people $1000 with no strings attached for 12 months in 2022. Although the quantitative findings demonstrated mixed health effects, the qualitative findings highlighted how recipients viewed their well-being as an insurance policy against scarcity and reallocated time to preventive health behaviors when receiving a guaranteed income. (Am J Public Health. 2025;115(8):1222-1225. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2025.308125).

PMID:40633007 | DOI:10.2105/AJPH.2025.308125

Retina. 2025 Jul 3. doi: 10.1097/IAE.0000000000004602. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy of serial intravitreal methotrexate (MTX) injections as an adjunct to surgical repair in the management of recurrent rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (rRRD) due to proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR).

METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was conducted involving 41 eyes with a history of failed RRD repair presenting with rRRD and grade C1 to D PVR, treated with pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) and serial MTX injections were included, separated into group 1 (with modified GUARD protocol, n=27) and group 2 (without modified GUARD protocol, n=14). The primary outcome was retinal reattachment rate, and secondary outcomes were changes in visual acuity and postoperative complications.

RESULTS: Retinal reattachment was achieved without additional surgery in 21 (77.8%) eyes in group 1 and 10 (71.4%) in group 2 at final follow-up, with no statistical significance. Improvement in logMAR was 0.50 in group 1 and 0.44 in group 2, with a median follow-up of 12.1 months from surgery and no differences in postoperative complications.

CONCLUSION: There were no differences in retinal reattachment or visual acuity outcomes between both methotrexate regimens. The overall reattachment rate exceeded previously reported rates for rRRD with PVR. Further research is needed to optimize the injection protocol for better clinical outcomes.

PMID:40632995 | DOI:10.1097/IAE.0000000000004602

J Am Acad Orthop Surg Glob Res Rev. 2025 Jul 8;9(7). doi: 10.5435/JAAOSGlobal-D-25-00175. eCollection 2025 Jul 1.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Total joint arthroplasty (TJA) is evolving with new technologies and techniques introduced in fellowship training, but the effect on surgeons’ future practices remains unclear. We assessed current practice patterns and influential factors among fellowship-trained arthroplasty surgeons.

METHODS: An electronic survey was sent to all currently practicing surgeons (n = 90) who had completed a high-volume adult reconstruction fellowship at a single tertiary academic center from 1986 to 2022. The survey consisted of 73 questions regarding surgeon and practice characteristics for primary and revision total hip arthroplasty (THA), total knee arthroplasty (TKA), and unicompartmental knee arthroplasty. Data were tabulated and analyzed in REDCap software.

RESULTS: The survey was completed by 53 surgeons (59%): 46% had been in practice for 0 to 5 years, 32% for 6 to 10 years, and 21% for 11 to 20 years. Overall, 81% performed at least 100 THAs, and 77% performed at least 150 TKAs annually. Revision TJA constituted 0% to 20% of surgical practice for 70% of surgeons, whereas 30% performed revision TJA in 21% to 40% of cases. The most common approach for THA was direct anterior (28/53, 53%), followed by posterior (22/53, 42%). Fellowship experience was the most influential factor on the choice of THA approach (57%), as well as on the choice of THA (64%) and TKA (57%) implants. Among surgeons with access to robots, 52% did not perform any robotic THAs, whereas 27% performed more than 80% of their THAs robotically. By contrast, 64% of surgeons performed more than 80% of their primary TKAs robotically, and only 13% did no robotic TKAs despite having access to a robot.

CONCLUSION: Fellowship experience was the primary factor influencing approach and implant choices in both THA and TKA, highlighting its notable effect on shaping trainees’ future practices. Therefore, fellowship programs should offer exposure to diverse technologies and techniques to enable informed decision making.

PMID:40632991 | DOI:10.5435/JAAOSGlobal-D-25-00175

J Clin Oncol. 2025 Jul 9:JCO2402697. doi: 10.1200/JCO-24-02697. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: We investigated breastfeeding patterns, behaviors, and association with breast cancer (BC) outcomes in women with early hormone receptor-positive (HR+) BC who had a live birth in the POSITIVE trial.

PATIENTS AND METHODS: POSITIVE is a prospective trial that demonstrated no increased short-term risk of BC events in women with early HR+ BC who interrupted endocrine therapy (ET) to attempt pregnancy. We describe the frequency, duration, and laterality of breastfeeding and estimate the cumulative incidence of BC events by breastfeeding status.

RESULTS: At a median follow-up of 41 months, 317 patients had at least one live birth and 313 were eligible for this analysis. A total of 196 of 313 (62.6%) patients breastfed. A total of 130 of the 167 women (77.8%) who had breast-conserving surgery breastfed, and 90 of 130 (69.2%) breastfed from the unaffected breast only. Sixty-six of the 146 women (45.2%) who underwent unilateral mastectomy breastfed. The frequency of breastfeeding was higher in women older than 35 years (67.6% v 55.7%) and in those without previous children (66.4% v 48.5%). Over half (103 of 196, 52.6%) of women breastfed their first live birth for >4 months (median 4.4 months; 95% CI, 4.0 to 5.3). The cumulative incidence of a BC event at 24 months from first on-study live birth was 3.6% and 3.1% in the breastfeeding and nonbreastfeeding groups, respectively (0.5% difference; 95% CI, -4.3% to 5.2%).

CONCLUSION: In POSITIVE, two thirds of women who gave birth after BC diagnosis breastfed, mostly for 4 months or more. In early follow-up, we did not observe differences in BC-related events in women who breastfed compared with those who did not. These results are key for women who wish to pursue pregnancy and breastfeeding after BC.

PMID:40632989 | DOI:10.1200/JCO-24-02697

Neurology. 2025 Aug 12;105(3):e213829. doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000213829. Epub 2025 Jul 9.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Geographic disparities in stroke clinical trials may limit access to innovative treatments in high-burden regions. This study examines the distribution of completed stroke trials (2010-2020) relative to stroke mortality and hospitalization rates.

METHODS: Data on completed trials were obtained from ClinicalTrials.gov and stroke burden metrics from the Control and Prevention. We calculated relative study frequency (RSF) by dividing the number of stroke deaths, age-adjusted stroke death rates, and stroke hospitalizations per 100,000 Medicare beneficiaries by the number of available trials. RSF values were stratified by quartiles.

RESULTS: A total of 649 stroke-related clinical trials were completed across 40 states, with 10 states having no registered trials. RSF varied widely, with the lowest quartile, including Mississippi (RSF = 14.40) and Louisiana (RSF = 13.90), having high stroke hospitalizations with minimal research activity, while California (RSF = 0.09) and New York (RSF = 0.19) had greater clinical trial availability to address stroke burden.

DISCUSSION: Stroke trial availability is disproportionately low in high-burden regions, particularly in the Southeast and Midwest. States with high stroke mortality and hospitalization rates but low clinical trial availability may face barriers to trial access, potentially exacerbating disparities in stroke care.

PMID:40632981 | DOI:10.1212/WNL.0000000000213829

JCO Precis Oncol. 2025 Jul;9:e2500200. doi: 10.1200/PO-25-00200. Epub 2025 Jul 9.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: Although deep targeted DNA sequencing of liquid biopsies has shown prognostic utility in large B-cell lymphoma (LBCL), the routine clinical adoption of these assays remains limited because of their high costs.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Here, leveraging a well-annotated cohort encompassing both frontline and relapsed/refractory (R/R) LBCL, we profiled patient plasma samples with two complementary modalities-ultra-low-pass whole-genome sequencing (ULP-WGS) and deep targeted DNA sequencing, the former being a cost-effective method to profile large scale chromosomal abnormalities and estimate tumor burden.

RESULTS: Our findings revealed a strong association of high cell-free tumor burden by both genomic profiling modalities with established measures of tumor burden and patient survival. Notably, the associations with survival remained statistically significant after accounting for international prognostic index scoring. Furthermore, we showed that del(17p) in circulating tumor DNA as detected by ULP-WGS was strongly associated with TP53 mutation status and predicted for significantly inferior outcome in frontline LBCL patients but not in patients with R/R LBCL.

CONCLUSION: Our study demonstrates that ULP-WGS can provide robust prognostic biomarkers for both frontline and R/R LBCL, highlighting its broad applicability for risk stratification.

PMID:40632977 | DOI:10.1200/PO-25-00200