Nevin Manimala

BMC Public Health. 2025 Jul 5;25(1):2394. doi: 10.1186/s12889-025-23339-2.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Workplace bullying occurs in various professions worldwide and significantly impacts employees and organizations. Researchers have reported that workplace bullying may be associated with an increased intention to leave one’s job. However, the conclusions regarding this relationship remain inconsistent.

METHODS: We searched the Cochrane Library, PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Scopus, PsycInfo, and ProQuest databases from inception to September 20, 2024. Two authors independently screened the studies, assessed the quality of the included studies, and extracted data. Any disagreements were resolved through discussion with a third author. A meta-analysis was performed to combine the regression coefficient (B) or odds ratios (ORs) with their confidence intervals. The I² statistic was used to quantitatively evaluate the degree of heterogeneity. Stata version 18.0 was used to conduct the meta-analysis, sensitivity analysis, and evaluation of publication bias risk.

RESULTS: This systematic review and meta-analysis included 27 studies, including 3 prospective and 24 cross-sectional studies. In the cross-sectional studies, as combined effect sizes, the B and OR values revealed a significant association between the experience of workplace bullying and an increased intention to leave (B = 0.25, 95% CI [0.19, 0.31]) (OR = 1.30, 95% CI [1.17, 1.44]). The prospective studies indicated that experiencing workplace bullying is associated with increased turnover intentions over time (B = 0.09, 95% CI [0.01, 0.17]).

CONCLUSION: Experiencing workplace bullying is positively correlated with employees’ increased intentions to leave. This result suggests that to reduce employee turnover in organizations, it is crucial to focus on and prevent workplace bullying.

PMID:40618127 | DOI:10.1186/s12889-025-23339-2

BMC Womens Health. 2025 Jul 5;25(1):328. doi: 10.1186/s12905-025-03886-x.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Green space exposure has been demonstrated to influence human physical and psychosocial health. We explored the relationship between self-reported green space exposure and maternal perceived stress, anxiety and depression.

METHODS: We interviewed 420 mothers using a hospital-based cross-sectional study design. We assessed maternal stress, anxiety and depression levels. Maternal self-reported green space exposure characteristics were identified using an interviewer-administered questionnaire. Multiple regression was used to identify the nature of relationships.

RESULTS: Higher perceived stress, anxiety, and depression were observed in 58.1%, 42.5%, and 58.9% of respondents, respectively. Perceived stress was significantly associated with maternal utilization of green spaces for leisure activities and physical exercise (β = -0.118, 95% CI [-0.118, 0.025]). Mothers’ belief that spending time in green spaces positively impacts one’s overall well-being was significantly associated with maternal anxiety (β = 0.117, 95% CI [0.049, 0.491]) and depression (β = 0.164, 95% CI [0.205, 0.769]).

CONCLUSIONS: Our study findings suggest that green space exposure has the potential to attenuate stress, anxiety and depression among mothers. Policies relating to the establishment of green spaces and the maternal utilization of green spaces should be encouraged. Further studies should explore maternal health green space relationships using objective green space measurement.

PMID:40618119 | DOI:10.1186/s12905-025-03886-x

BMC Vet Res. 2025 Jul 5;21(1):442. doi: 10.1186/s12917-025-04882-x.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Nepal relies on an agrarian-based economy, with the livestock sector contributing significantly to the national GDP. However, diseases like leptospirosis negatively impact cattle production and pose significant zoonotic risks. This study represents the first attempt to evaluate the risk factors of leptospirosis in cattle in Nepal. A cross-sectional study was conducted from March 2019 to April 2020 in 14 administrative units of the Rupandehi district. A total of 367 blood samples were collected from 206 cattle farms using a proportionate sampling procedure. An indirect ELISA was used to detect specific antibodies in serum samples against Leptospira interrogans serovar Hardjo. Farm management practices and knowledge of zoonotic diseases were assessed through interviews with animal owners from the 206 cattle farms. Regression analyses were conducted to analyze the herd and farm level risk factors.

RESULTS: The overall farm-level seroprevalence of leptospirosis was 4.85% (95% CI: 2.35-8.75), while the animal-level seroprevalence was 3.81% (95% CI: 2.10-6.30). Using multivariable logistic regression analysis, we found that farms with purchased cattle (farms that regularly introduce cattle from other farms) had a borderline significant increase in odds of leptospirosis (OR: 7.25, 95% CI: 0.88-59.46, p = 0.065) compared to farms that only keep home-bred cattle. Additionally, larger farms (> 10 animals) were significantly associated with increased odds of leptospirosis (OR: 13.34, 95% CI: 1.64-108.42, p = 0.015) compared to smaller farms (≤ 10 animals). At the animal level, no statistically significant difference was observed in the multivariable mixed-effects logistic regression model, which included farm as a random effect.

CONCLUSION: The detection of farms with positive serum samples highlights the persistent threat of leptospirosis to cattle production and its occupational hazards within Nepal’s dairy sector. Farm-level risk factors, such farms with purchased cattle and larger farm sizes, emphasize the need for targeted control measures. Given the zoonotic nature of the disease and its ecological complexity involving multiple hosts, a One Health approach is essential. Collaborative efforts among stakeholders are needed to develop evidence-based policies, strengthen health system preparedness, and implement practical interventions that reduce transmission risks and the overall disease burden in both human and animal populations across the country.

PMID:40618117 | DOI:10.1186/s12917-025-04882-x

World J Emerg Surg. 2025 Jul 5;20(1):59. doi: 10.1186/s13017-025-00633-3.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Qatar is one of six neighboring countries in the Gulf Cooperation Council region that form a political and economic alliance to foster multilateral cooperation. Given the shared challenges in trauma care, there is a need for a collaborative network to develop region-specific injury prevention strategies. For example, this study examines the clinical patterns and predictors of hospital mortality among trauma patients in Qatar.

METHODS: A retrospective analysis of trauma-related deaths (2010-2023) was conducted. Patients were stratified into early hospital mortality (EHM, ≤ 48 h) and late hospital mortality (LHM, > 48 h) groups. Further analyses examined in-hospital mortality (24 h, 24-48 h, 3-7 days, and > 7 days), age groups, injury mechanisms, and severity. A multivariable regression analysis identified predictors of early mortality.

RESULTS: Among 2,452 trauma-related deaths, 59% occurred in pre-hospital, while 41% occurred in-hospital. Compared to LHM (47%), EHM (53%) was associated with a younger age (35 vs. 39 years; p = 0.002), higher systolic blood pressure (0.82 vs. 0.67; p = 0.002), and diastolic blood pressure (2.03 vs. 1.75; p = 0.001). Motor vehicle crash (MVC) was the leading cause of death (35.3%), with vulnerable road users (VRU) the commonest in EHM (p = 0.004) and falls in LHM (p = 0.004). LHM was associated with a higher injury severity score (p = 0.001). On-admission systolic shock index independently predicted EHM (OR 2.23; 95% CI 1.09-4.52), while head (OR 7.14; 95% CI 2.44-20.00) and pelvic injuries (OR 3.70; 95% CI 1.19-11.11) and sepsis (OR 6.25; 95% CI 1.22-33.33) predicted LHM. In-hospital deaths exhibited a bimodal distribution, with peaks at 24 h (15%) and between the third and seventh days (10%). EHM showed an upward trend over the years (R² = 0.312), while LHM remained stable. Trauma-related mortality rates declined from 10.4 to 5.0 per 100,000 population (2011 and 2017) before rising to 9.7 by 2022. Pre-hospital deaths followed a similar pattern to the overall mortality, while the in-hospital rates remained steady. VRU-related injuries persisted at a high level, accounting for 26-43% of cases throughout the study period.

CONCLUSION: This study highlights distinct trauma-related mortality patterns, with EHM linked to hemorrhage and shock, while LHM is associated with severe head injuries and sepsis. These findings underscore the need for targeted interventions to optimize bleeding control and address predictors such as shock indices for EHM and head injuries for LHM.

PMID:40618106 | DOI:10.1186/s13017-025-00633-3

BMC Public Health. 2025 Jul 5;25(1):2395. doi: 10.1186/s12889-025-22773-6.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Our objective was to describe changes in screen time behavior among students before and during the suspension of in-person classes in public schools due to the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as to identify factors associated with screen time during the pandemic.

METHODS: Cross-sectional study, conducted by telephone survey with 591 student/guardian pairs, from two municipalities in Minas Gerais, Brazil, between June and July 2020. Demographic and socioeconomic data were collected, and screen time, measured in hours and converted to minutes. Wilcoxon test for paired samples compared screen time median before and after the pandemic’s onset. Linear regression models with hierarchical input were used to estimate the associations between screen time and sociodemographic and pandemic-related variables, adjusted for sex and age.

RESULTS: Student daily median screen time increased by 150%, from 120 min before to 300 min after the pandemic (p < 0.001). Male students were associated with an average increase of 11 min in screen time [95% CI: 7.59; 14.40]. Students from urban areas had 65.05 more minutes [95% CI: 60.91; 69.18] of screen time compared to those from rural areas. Family income and receipt of emergency aid significantly influenced screen time, with increases of 20 min [95% CI: 14.47; 26.56] and 28 min [95% CI: 24.81; 32.07], respectively. The screen time of guardians also proved to be a strong predictor, with an additional increase of 54 min [95% CI: 50.14; 58.07].

CONCLUSION: These findings reinforce the influence of sociodemographic and behavioral factors on the increase in students’ screen time during the pandemic, highlighting the importance of variables such as household income, home environment, and guardians’ behavior in young people’s digital exposure.

PMID:40618102 | DOI:10.1186/s12889-025-22773-6

BMC Public Health. 2025 Jul 5;25(1):2389. doi: 10.1186/s12889-025-23583-6.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Low nutrition literacy (NL) among adolescents can worsen health and economic inequalities, potentially leading to a higher burden of non-communicable diseases.

AIM: This study aimed to assess Total Nutrition Literacy (TNL) and its domains across different adolescent stages with an in-depth look at NL among Egyptian adolescents, through a quartile-based approach. It analysed the relation between adequate NL influences and vitamin, mineral intakes and body mass index (BMI) categories (underweight, normal, overweight/obese). It explored the effects of adolescent characteristics (gender, BMI) and family environment (parental education, food literacy, health status) on achieving adequate TNL levels.

METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 1,050 Egyptian adolescents aged 10-19 from various geographical and socioeconomic backgrounds. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire measuring demographic information, TNL and its domains (categories) (Functional (FNL), Interactive (INL), and Critical (CNL)), and parental food literacy (PFL). Anthropometric measurements assessed nutritional status via BMI. Statistical analyses using SPSS identified associations and predictors of adequate TNL.

RESULTS: TNL scores rose significantly from 68.8 in early adolescence (10-13 years) to 77.4 in late adolescence (17-19 years) (p < 0.001). All domains improved with age (p < 0.001), with females outperforming males in INL and CNL (p < 0.001). FNL level was notably low at 56.6%, compared to higher rates in INL (84.1%) and CNL (91.0%). Meanwhile, the median scores for NL remain relatively close to the lower levels of adequacy across all stages. Parental employment, PFL, health status, and family dynamics were significant predictors of adequate TNL. Maternal education became particularly crucial in late adolescence, while PFL had the greatest influence in early and middle adolescence. Adequate TNL increased the likelihood of reporting vitamin intake by nearly five times (COR = 4.9, p < 0.01). The relation between TNL and its domains with BMI vary across adolescence.

CONCLUSION: Using quartile distribution to assess literacy adequacy provided a detailed view of literacy gaps, allowing identification of adolescents most in need of intervention. NL programs have to be tailored to meet adolescents’ evolving needs, emphasizing foundational literacy in early adolescence, interactive skills in middle adolescence, and critical literacy in late adolescence.

PMID:40618101 | DOI:10.1186/s12889-025-23583-6

BMC Oral Health. 2025 Jul 5;25(1):1116. doi: 10.1186/s12903-025-06458-5.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To assess the impact of resin cement color and the thickness of monolithic CAD/CAM materials on the final color of the fixed dental restoration.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Four high translucent monolithic CAD-CAM materials in shade A2, including lithium disilicate glass-ceramic (IPS e.max CAD, IP), monolithic zirconia (Ceramill Zolid HT+, CZ), two zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate ceramics (VITA Suprinity, VS, and Celtra Duo, CD) were prepared as rectangular specimens measuring 12 × 14 mm in two thicknesses (0.5 mm and 1 mm), (N = 160, n = 20 per group). Subsequently, three different colors of PANAVIA™ SA(PV) Cement Universal Automix Universal (A2), White (W), and Translucent (Tr) polymerized resin cement specimens (12 × 14 × 0.2 mm) were placed underneath the ceramic samples. After and befor aging color values were measured. The color difference was calculated using CIEDE2000 formulae. Statistical analysis was conducted using a three-way ANOVA and EMF function with Bonferroni correction.

RESULTS: The 3-way ANOVA for the color difference data showed a statistically significant effect of all three main factors ceramic thickness, materials, and resin cement (p < 0.05). Among these, resin cement color had the most pronounced influence on color change (ηp² = 0.974). The most significant color change was observed with a thickness of 0.5 mm and white cement, with mean ∆E values ranging from 7.72 to 3.40. All ceramic groups, except for monolithic zirconia, exhibited color changes exceeding the clinically acceptable threshold (∆E ≤ 3.5). Additionally, all ceramic groups, except for monolithic zirconia, were affected by thickness.

CONCLUSION: The study revealed that material type and cement group significantly influenced ∆E values in certain ceramics (CD, IP), while others (CZ+, VS) remained unaffected at 1 mm thickness. These findings highlight the importance of selecting appropriate cement color and type to optimize the final esthetics of monolithic restorations.

PMID:40618088 | DOI:10.1186/s12903-025-06458-5

Clin Epigenetics. 2025 Jul 5;17(1):117. doi: 10.1186/s13148-025-01927-8.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: The epigenetic clock has been regarded as a highly accurate predictor of capturing the complexity between aging and the epigenome. However, there is limited understanding of the epigenetic clock in allergic diseases. The aim of this study was to explore the causal relationship between epigenetic age acceleration and allergic diseases by conducting a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study.

METHODS: Pleiotropy analysis was conducted using the MR-Egger intercept test and the MR Pleiotropy Residual Sum and Outlier (MR-PRESSO) test. Instrumental variables were constructed using single nucleotide polymorphisms. The statistics for epigenetic age acceleration and allergic diseases were derived from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of European ancestry. MR analysis was performed using inverse variance weighted, weighted median, and MR-Egger methods.

RESULTS: Based on the inverse variance weighted method, the forward MR analysis showed that intrinsic epigenetic age acceleration (IEAA) was associated with an increased risk of allergic asthma (OR = 1.051, 95% CI 1.006 to 1.098, p = 0.025). The reverse MR analysis also indicated a significant causal relationship between allergic asthma and IEAA (OR = 1.410, 95% CI 1.111 to 1.791, p = 0.005). However, there was a lack of evidence supporting a causal relationship between IEAA and allergic conjunctivitis, atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis and allergic urticaria (all p > 0.05). Quality control assessments demonstrated that our study results were reliable and robust.

CONCLUSIONS: This study revealed bidirectional causal relationships between intrinsic epigenetic age acceleration and allergic asthma, highlighting potential prevention strategies.

PMID:40618086 | DOI:10.1186/s13148-025-01927-8

BMC Oral Health. 2025 Jul 5;25(1):1112. doi: 10.1186/s12903-025-06455-8.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Complete removal of calcium silicate-based sealers (CSBSs) during root canal retreatment remains challenging, and the effect of chloroform on the bond strength of these materials remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of different retreatment techniques on the dislocation resistance of gutta-percha and CSBS to root canal dentin.

METHODS: Extracted single-rooted human teeth were prepared and filled via the single cone technique with gutta-percha and EndoSeal MTA (Maruchi, Wonju, Korea). After four weeks, the samples were divided into five groups: (1) no retreatment, (2) retreatment without chloroform: (3) retreatment with supplementary instrumentation using XP-Endo Finisher R (XPEFR) (FKG Dentaire, La Chaux-de-Fonds, Switzerland), (4) retreatment with chloroform, and (5) retreatment with both chloroform and XPEFR. All the samples were then refilled with gutta-percha and EndoSeal MTA. One-millimeter slices from the mid-root were prepared for the push-out test (n = 15 per group). The bond strength was measured using a universal testing machine, and failure modes were recorded. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way and two-way ANOVA tests.

RESULTS: Compared with all the retreatment groups, the control group presented significantly higher bond strength (9.20 ± 1.44 MPa) (P < 0.001). Push-out bond strength values for groups retreated without chloroform, either with or without using XPEFR, were 3.61 ± 1.27 and 3.18 ± 1.01, respectively. However, bond strength after applying chloroform, with or without supplementary instrumentation using XPEFR, was 3.96 ± 1.51 and 4.41 ± 1.32, respectively. The bond strength was significantly higher in the groups with application of chloroform compared with the other retreated groups (P = 0.022), whereas supplementary instrumentation with XPEFR did not have a significant effect (P = 0.982). The most common mode of bond failure across all groups was cohesive failure.

CONCLUSION: Within the limitations of this study, the dislocation resistance of EndoSeal MTA and gutta-percha to root dentin decreased after non-surgical retreatment. The application of chloroform during retreatment was associated with higher bond strength, whereas supplementary instrumentation with XPEFR had no significant effect.

PMID:40618080 | DOI:10.1186/s12903-025-06455-8

Br J Psychol. 2025 Jul 5. doi: 10.1111/bjop.70005. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

The objective was to provide up-to-date clinical and cost-effectiveness evidence investigating eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) for treatment or prevention of adult post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). We conducted a systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and cost-effectiveness studies assessing PTSD symptoms in adults, published since the NICE 2018 guidelines. EMDR was compared with trauma-focused-cognitive behavioural therapy (TF-CBT), waitlist or usual care. Six databases were searched in September 2023. Risk of bias was assessed. Data synthesis included Bayesian meta-analyses of standardized mean differences if sufficient data were available from at least three RCTs. From 2038 records, 17 studies met the eligibility criteria. One modelling-based study reported cost-effectiveness, finding EMDR the most cost-effective intervention compared to 10 others, including TF-CBT. Sixteen RCTs (n = 1031) providing clinical PTSD outcome data were identified. Most studies had small sample sizes, and all but one was at high/moderate risk of bias. Additionally, 13 RCTs from NICE 2018 guidelines contributed to meta-analyses. EMDR treatment was generally of shorter duration with a lower burden on patient time. Meta-analyses found EMDR was statistically significantly better than waitlist/usual care. There was no significant difference in treatment effect between EMDR and TF-CBT, both reported significantly improved PTSD symptoms.

PMID:40616777 | DOI:10.1111/bjop.70005