Nevin Manimala

Urol Res Pract. 2025 Jul 29;51(4):136-140. doi: 10.5152/tud.2025.24053.

ABSTRACT

Objective: This retrospective cross-sectional study aimed to compare functional and surgical outcomes after open simple prostatectomy (OSP) between patients who underwent prior transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) and those who did not. Methods: Between March 2009 and April 2019, 723 patients underwent TURP, of whom 20 (2.7%) subsequently underwent OSP (Group 1). This group was matched with a group of patients who had solely undergone OSP (Group 2), with matching criteria including age, prostate-specific antigen level, prostate volume, and prostate weight. Results: Group 1 showed a statistically significant lower decrease in hemoglobin levels after surgery (p = .006); however, no significant differences were observed between the groups in terms of operation time (P=.508), hospital stay (P=.065), transfusion rate (P=.331), enucleated prostate volume (P=.733), or changes in creatinine levels (P =.418). Regarding early postoperative complications, the 2 groups showed no significant difference (0.349). Late postoperative complications occurred in 30% of Group 1 and 33% of Group 2, which was not significantly different either (P = .241). Both groups achieved similar early continence rates (88%) within the first 6 months after surgery. Late continence rates (after 6 months) were also comparable, with 94% in Group 1 and 88% in Group 2. Finally, no significant differences were found in patient satisfaction levels, measured on a qualitative scale ranging from “dissatisfied” to “highly satisfied.” Conclusion: Prior TURP did not significantly affect the surgical or functional outcomes of subsequent OSP, with comparable results observed between patients with and with- out a history of TURP.

PMID:40827367 | DOI:10.5152/tud.2025.24053

Psychiatry Clin Psychopharmacol. 2025 Jun 25;35(3):304-310. doi: 10.5152/pcp.2025.241063.

ABSTRACT

Background: Rhinoplasty, performed for aesthetic and functional purposes, is among the most common cosmetic procedures worldwide. While previous studies have investigated the impact of social media and self-esteem on cosmetic surgery motivations, comparisons between aesthetic and functional rhinoplasty candidates remain limited. This study evaluates the sociodemographic, psychological, and behavioral profiles of these groups, focusing on social media use and self-esteem. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 103 rhinoplasty candidates divided into 2 groups based on their primary motivation: functional (Group 1) or aesthetic (Group 2). Data were collected using a Sociodemographic Data Form, the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES), and the Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale (BSMAS). Statistical analyses included chi-square, Fisher’s exact test, and Mann-Whitney U-tests. Results: Most participants (70.9%) sought rhinoplasty for aesthetic reasons. The median age of Group 2 (23.0) was significantly lower than that of Group 1 (29.5) (P < .001). Females and single individuals were more likely to seek aesthetic rhinoplasty (P < .001). Social media use, particularly Instagram, was significantly higher in Group 2; 53.4% spent over 3 hours daily on social media, compared to 10% in Group 1 (P < .001). Group 1 showed higher self-esteem scores than Group 2 (34.0 vs. 31.0, P < .001). Conclusion: Aesthetic rhinoplasty is associated with a younger age, female gender, lower self-esteem, and greater social media use. These findings emphasize the need for preoperative assessments addressing psychological vulnerabilities and social media influences to improve patient satisfaction and outcomes.

PMID:40827351 | DOI:10.5152/pcp.2025.241063

Int J Cosmet Sci. 2025 Aug 19. doi: 10.1111/ics.70020. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Over the last two decades, consumers have been calling for greater transparency for ingredient sourcing and manufacturing practices; therefore, more sustainable alternatives need to be evaluated to meet industry demands. While many organizations give standards for ‘clean’, ‘organic’ and ‘natural’ cosmetic products, sustainable formulations lack standardization and harmonization globally. This study aimed to formulate sustainable lipsticks and moisturizers using resources and standards currently available in the cosmetic industry and compare select sustainable alternatives to a conventional control product.

METHODS: After thoroughly screening ingredients for each product type, five different lipsticks and five batches of moisturizers were formulated and tested for quality, performance and stability characteristics.

RESULTS: Pay-off and friction were the most different among the lipsticks, with M4, the lipstick containing sustainable ingredients, having the highest average friction and pay-off at Week 1. As for the moisturizers, spreadability had the largest differences, mostly due to the different emulsifier systems, as expected.

CONCLUSION: Incorporating sustainable ingredients can be challenging, but having quality products while being more environmentally friendly is possible. These case studies are meant to serve as examples for formulation chemists.

PMID:40827337 | DOI:10.1111/ics.70020

Br J Psychiatry. 2025 Aug 19:1-2. doi: 10.1192/bjp.2024.290. Online ahead of print.

NO ABSTRACT

PMID:40827330 | DOI:10.1192/bjp.2024.290

Sci Prog. 2025 Jul-Sep;108(3):368504251370988. doi: 10.1177/00368504251370988. Epub 2025 Aug 19.

ABSTRACT

ObjectiveDNA methylation is a key regulator of gene expression and plays a crucial role in cancer development. However, the mechanisms driving gene-specific methylation remain unclear. This study investigates the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in regulating promoter methylation of specific genes, aiming to uncover miRNA-driven modulation of gene methylation in cancer.MethodsWe analyzed data from the Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia (CCLE) database, comprising 813 cell lines. Spearman’s rank correlation was performed between the expression levels of 734 miRNAs and the methylation levels of 20,587 genes, focusing on CpG islands in promoter regions. Linear regression analysis was used to validate the relationship between selected miRNAs and gene clusters. Bioinformatics screening identified statistically significant miRNA-gene pairs involved in promoter methylation.ResultsThe analysis revealed 25 target genes whose promoter methylation was significantly associated with the expression of four miRNAs (hsa-miR-200a, hsa-miR-200b, hsa-miR-200c, and hsa-miR-141). These correlations were most pronounced in colorectal, gastric, lung, and ovarian cancers. Notably, cancer-related genes such as ST14, OVOL1, and EPCAM were identified as targets, supporting the hypothesis that miRNAs regulate promoter methylation in these genes.ConclusionOur findings suggest that specific miRNAs induce promoter methylation in cancer-related genes, thereby influencing gene expression. This study expands our understanding of the role of miRNAs in tumor development and highlights the potential of miRNA-based therapies in cancer treatment. As this is a computational study, further experimental validation is required to confirm the proposed regulatory mechanisms.

PMID:40827314 | DOI:10.1177/00368504251370988

Acta Odontol Scand. 2025 Aug 19;84:446-456. doi: 10.2340/aos.v84.44231.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To investigate young individuals’ esthetic perception of color on the buccal surface of maxillary anterior teeth, self-perception of own tooth color, and general dental esthetic estimates by using a web-based survey.

METHODS: A digital questionnaire was advertised on social media in 2024, targeting 18-30-year-olds in Sweden. The questionnaire included attitudes toward own tooth color, cases with molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH), fluorosis (F), white spot lesions (WSL), and general dental esthetic estimates. Chi2 assessed differences between groups, and the independent sample T-test calculated mean differences in responses. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05.

RESULTS: Out of 2,082 respondents (55% women, 43% men, mean age 25.1 years), 77% rated their tooth color as acceptable, with no gender or age differences (p > 0.05). Pigmented fluorosis was rated as nonacceptable by 94% of the respondents, followed by cases with WSLs. At least 90% cited deviant color on a part of a tooth (DCP) as a reason for nonacceptance. Even tooth color (mean, standard deviation [SD]: 8.02, 2.36) was rated more important than white teeth (mean, SD: 7.25, 2.04), p < 0.001.

CONCLUSION: De- and hypomineralization on maxillary anterior teeth are perceived negatively by young individuals in terms of dental esthetics. An even tooth color was valued higher than white teeth.

PMID:40827308 | DOI:10.2340/aos.v84.44231

Archaeol Anthropol Sci. 2025;17(9):184. doi: 10.1007/s12520-025-02296-2. Epub 2025 Aug 16.

ABSTRACT

The El Jobo projectile points represent a distinctive design innovation of Late Pleistocene Neotropical human groups. This technology, characterized by its fusiform/lanceolate shape, has been recorded mainly in northwestern Venezuela in a variety of geographical areas and in association with megafauna killing/butchering sites. To characterize it, address its significance, and analyse possible continental relationships, four consecutive approaches were conducted. A representative sample of El Jobo projectile points was subject to technological approximation, morphological classification, outline-based geometric morphometric analysis, and elemental composition analysis. Six morphological types were recognized, for which a common series of manufacture steps was hypothesized. Mainly collateral and irregular flaking patterns were identified, also recording new basal variability, including fluting, fluting-like and reconfiguration techniques. The four most representative morphological types were subjected to morphometric analysis. Elliptic Fourier and Principal Component analyses identified at least three clusters, with width variation mainly distinguishing their shapes, and statistical tests determined significative differences between the main morphological types. The elemental analysis revealed the main use of quarzitic rocks, with variations in elemental composition indicative of diverse sources. The observed variability and cumulative evidence of El Jobo projectile points suggests their adaptation to diverse hunting strategies. The wide geographic distribution of tools and the morphometric comparison with a Monte Verde projectile suggest potential long-distance connections of El Jobo with other projectile point technologies across the continent.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12520-025-02296-2.

PMID:40827306 | PMC:PMC12357808 | DOI:10.1007/s12520-025-02296-2

Sex Med. 2025 Aug 17;13(4):qfaf060. doi: 10.1093/sexmed/qfaf060. eCollection 2025 Aug.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Although common repeat number polymorphisms in 3 hormone-related genes (AR, CYP19A1, and ESR2) have been implicated in the variations in several sexually dimorphic phenotypes, their contributions to the variations in gender identity (GI) and sexual orientation (SO) remain to be clarified.

AIM: To clarify the possible association between the repeat number polymorphisms and gender phenotype variations in the general population.

METHODS: We used paper-based questionnaires to select 80 individuals with atypical gender phenotypes (the case group) and 114 control individuals (the control group) from 736 university students. The case group was further divided into two subgroups: one consisted of individuals with low GI scores (the atypical GI subgroup), and the other consisted of individuals with non-heterosexual orientation (the atypical SO subgroup). Repeat numbers of the longer and shorter alleles in each participant (Alleles 1 and 2) were examined through microsatellite analysis. Repeat numbers of AR in females were adjusted for the X chromosome inactivation status.

OUTCOMES: We examined the statistical differences in the repeat numbers between the case and control groups, and between each subgroup and the control group.

RESULTS: The overall differences between the case and control groups and between each subgroup and the control group were small. However, the repeat numbers of AR in males of the case group were larger than those of the control group (P = 0.049), and the repeat numbers of ESR2 Allele 1 were larger in males of the atypical GI subgroup than in those of the control group (P = 0.046). In addition, females in the atypical SO subgroup had smaller repeat numbers of CYP19A1 Allele 2 than control females (P = 0.011).

CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: These results indicate the complex genetic basis of gender phenotype variations.

STRENGTHS & LIMITATIONS: This is the first study that addresses the possible association between common polymorphisms in hormone-related genes and gender phenotypes in the general population. Given the small number of our subjects and the modest differences in the repeat numbers between the case and control groups, our results await further validation.

CONCLUSION: The results indicate that the contribution of repeat number polymorphisms of the 3 genes to gender phenotype variations in the general population is small, although the repeat numbers of AR and ESR2 are potentially associated with atypical gender phenotypes in males.

PMID:40827304 | PMC:PMC12358044 | DOI:10.1093/sexmed/qfaf060

Int J Ophthalmol. 2025 Aug 18;18(8):1544-1552. doi: 10.18240/ijo.2025.08.17. eCollection 2025.

ABSTRACT

AIM: To estimate if nanopore targeted sequencing (NTS) could identify pathogens causing postoperative endophthalmitis and further determine the feasibility of clinical application of NTS.

METHODS: A total of 55 patients (55 eyes) with postoperative endophthalmitis were retrospectively included in this study with their medical records. Intraocular fluid samples were examined by NTS and microbial culture. All included patients had undergone examinations including measurement of best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and intraocular pressure (IOP), slit-lamp biomicroscopy, and indirect ophthalmoscopy; additionally, they underwent B-ultrasound, anterior segment photography, and fundus photography if necessary.

RESULTS: Among 55 patients with postoperative endophthalmitis, the age was 65.25±15.04y and there were 30 female (54.54%) patients. Forty-one (74.54%) vitreous humor samples and fourteen (25.45%) aqueous humor samples were sent for both NTS and microbial culture. NTS had a notable higher detection rate than microbial culture in detecting pathogens (90.91% vs 38.18%, χ ²=33.409, P<0.001). NTS exhibited high sensitivity of pathogen detection in both microbial culture positive and negative samples (100% and 85.29%, respectively). In 16 of 21 (76.19%) patients who showed culture-positivity, their results corresponded with those of NTS. Moreover, in two patients (9.52%), NTS showed a better species resolution than microbial culture; in three patients (14.28%), NTS identified additional pathogens. As for fungus, the positive detection rate of NTS was significantly higher than that of microbial culture (20% vs 3.64%, χ ²=7.066, P=0.008). Also, NTS could detect multi-infection by bacteria and fungi than microbial culture (32.73% vs 0, χ ²=21.522, P<0.001). NTS could detect bacteria as well as fungi simultaneously within 48h in all patients. Meanwhile, NTS had a shorter detection time than microbial culture (1.13±0.34 vs 2.67±0.55d, Z=-9.218, P<0.001). After the NTS results were obtained, 15 patients received additional intravitreal/intracameral anti-infection treatment. At follow-up, there was a statistically significant improvement in the visual acuity relative to the baseline (Z=-5.222, P<0.001).

CONCLUSION: NTS can provide rapid identification and highly sensitive detection of pathogens among patients with postoperative endophthalmitis, which can guide anti-infection treatment and improve visual prognosis.

PMID:40827301 | PMC:PMC12311465 | DOI:10.18240/ijo.2025.08.17

Int J Ophthalmol. 2025 Aug 18;18(8):1456-1463. doi: 10.18240/ijo.2025.08.05. eCollection 2025.

ABSTRACT

AIM: To investigate the expression of interferon regulatory factors (IRFs) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of patients with Sjögren’s syndrome-related dry eye (SSDE) and to explore their correlation with clinical features, dendritic cell activation, and serological indicators.

METHODS: A total of 53 SSDE patients and 62 non-Sjögren’s syndrome dry eye (NSSDE) patients were enrolled. Demographic and clinical data were collected, and comprehensive ophthalmic examinations were performed, including the ocular surface disease index (OSDI) questionnaires, Schirmer I test (SIT), tear break-up time (TBUT), corneal fluorescein staining score (CFS), and in vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM). PBMCs were isolated, and IRFs expression levels were analyzed using Western blotting (WB) and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Serological indicators, including antinuclear antibodies (ANA) and anti-Ro60, anti-Ro52, and anti-La autoantibodies, were detected. Statistical analyses evaluated correlations between IRFs expression and clinical parameters.

RESULTS: Compared to NSSDE, the relative mRNA and protein expression of the IRF-8 was significantly upregulated in patients with SSDE (P<0.001), whereas no significant differences were observed in IRF-1, IRF-3, IRF-5, and IRF-7 (P=0.12, P=0.10, P=0.66, P=0.96). Correlation analysis revealed that IRF-8 expression was positively associated with CFS and OSDI scores (r=0.57, r=0.38, both P<0.05). Moreover, IRF-8 expression correlated with corneal dendritic cell (DC) density and size, and the number of dendrites (r=0.43, r=0.40, r=0.65, all P<0.05). IRF-8 expression was significantly elevated in patients positive for anti-Ro60, anti-Ro52 and anti-La autoantibodies (P<0.05).

CONCLUSION: In SSDE, IRF-8 is upregulated and associated with clinical features, DC activation, and serological indicators. These findings suggest that IRF-8 plays a critical role in SSDE pathogenesis and may serve as a potential therapeutic target for diagnosis and treatment.

PMID:40827300 | PMC:PMC12311448 | DOI:10.18240/ijo.2025.08.05