Nevin Manimala

Int J Obes (Lond). 2025 Jun 15. doi: 10.1038/s41366-025-01821-6. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Obesity treatment can produce variable outcomes for different individuals. The aim of this analysis in adolescents with obesity was to investigate if baseline participant characteristics associated with BMI reduction from baseline to 56 weeks when treated with mid- or top-dose phentermine/topiramate (PHEN/TPM) compared to placebo.

METHODS: A secondary analysis of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, clinical trial evaluating PHEN/TPM in adolescents with obesity was conducted. Participants, aged 12 to <17 years with a BMI ≥95th percentile, were randomly assigned in a 1:1:2 ratio to receive either placebo, mid-dose (PHEN/TPM 7.5 mg/46 mg) or top-dose (PHEN/TPM 15 mg/92 mg). Baseline characteristics included in the analysis were BMI, age, sex, race/ethnicity, pubertal status, diabetes status, depression status, cognitive function score, and quality of life score. The primary analysis used linear regression with BMI percent change from baseline to 56 weeks as the outcome with either mid- or top-dose PHEN/TPM compared to placebo.

RESULTS: Two-hundred twenty-two participants were included in the final analysis. None of the baseline characteristics were statistically significantly associated with BMI reduction with mid- or top-dose PHEN/TPM compared to placebo.

CONCLUSIONS: Baseline characteristics were not predictive of BMI reduction with either dose of PHEN/TPM compared to placebo in adolescents with obesity.

PMID:40518455 | DOI:10.1038/s41366-025-01821-6

J Anim Sci. 2025 Jun 16:skaf197. doi: 10.1093/jas/skaf197. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

The objective was to test the hypothesis that feeding intact protein from soybean meal (SBM) to growing pigs instead of a combination of SBM and synthetic amino acids (AA) results in greater nitrogen retention and digestible energy (DE) without affecting metabolizable energy (ME) in the diet. A control corn-SBM diet and three diets, in which the inclusion of SBM was reduced and three, four, or five synthetic AA (i.e., Lys, Met, Thr, Trp, and Val) were added, were formulated. The concentration of standardized ileal digestible indispensable AA was at or above requirements for growing pigs in all diets, but dietary crude protein was reduced as synthetic AA were added. Forty pigs (initial body weight: 20.5 ± 2.4 kg) were allotted to the four diets using a randomized complete block design with two blocks of 20 pigs and five pigs per diet in each block. Pigs were housed in metabolism crates containing fully slatted floors, screens, and urine pans that allowed for quantitative collection of feces and urine for 4 days after 5 days of adaptation. Samples of diets, feces, and urine were analyzed for dry matter (DM), gross energy (GE), and nitrogen. The statistical model included diet as fixed effect and block and replicate within block as random effects. Polynomial contrast coefficients were used to determine linear and quadratic effects of reducing dietary protein. Results indicated that apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of DM was reduced (quadratic, P = 0.027), and ATTD of GE also was reduced (linear, P = 0.046) as SBM inclusion was reduced in diets. Absorbed nitrogen, retained nitrogen (g/day), and ATTD of nitrogen were reduced (linear, P < 0.001) as SBM inclusion decreased, but retention of nitrogen, calculated as percent of intake or percent of absorbed nitrogen, increased (linear, P < 0.001) as dietary SBM was reduced. The DE in diets decreased (linear, P = 0.007) as SBM inclusion was reduced, whereas SBM inclusion had no effect on ME. Reducing SBM inclusion tended to increase (quadratic, P = 0.096) ME to GE ratio and increased (linear, P = 0.008) ME to DE ratio. In conclusion, diets containing intact protein from SBM had greater ATTD of GE and nitrogen, and greater DE, whereas ME was not changed when compared with diets containing synthetic AA. Daily protein retention decreased when synthetic AA rather than SBM were used to furnish the digestible AA in diets.

PMID:40518440 | DOI:10.1093/jas/skaf197

Cancer Control. 2025 Jan-Dec;32:10732748251351423. doi: 10.1177/10732748251351423. Epub 2025 Jun 15.

ABSTRACT

IntroductionColorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer worldwide, with higher rates in industrialized countries. By 2030, the number of CRC cases may rise by 60%, reaching 2.2 million new cases and 1.1 million deaths. In 2020, CRC accounted for 1.93 million new cases and 940,000 deaths, with the highest prevalence in New Zealand, Australia, and Europe, while lower rates were observed in Southern Asia and Africa. In Pakistan, CRC is the second most common cancer, accounting for 4.8% of all diagnoses. The risk factors include family history, smoking, genetic syndromes, and diet. Screening is recommended from the age of 45. Advances in immunotherapy, chemoradiotherapy, and targeted therapies have improved survival rates. This five-year study analyzed CRC cases at a Pakistani hospital to identify associations between various clinical and demographic factors and mortality.MethodsThis retrospective study, conducted at the Department of Surgery at Jinnah Post Medical Graduate Centre, Karachi, included 121 confirmed CRC patients from July 2022 to August 2024. Data from electronic medical records included diagnostic procedures and treatment histories. Tumor location and staging were determined according to the TNM staging system. Statistical analysis identified trends in tumour location, disease stage, and demographics.ResultsAmong the 121 patients with CRC, the majority were middle-aged (39.7%) and male (62%). The common symptoms included abdominal pain (65.3%) and constipation (43.8%). Most patients were in Duke stage C (42.1%), with metastasis in 7.2% of cases. Open surgery was performed in 71.9% of patients. Significant associations were found between vomiting, abdominal distention, fever, and mortality, as well as between cancer type and surgical method.ConclusionCRC is increasingly common in middle-aged individuals, and early onset CRC is increasing in Pakistan. Targeted screening and personalized treatment are crucial, and further research is needed to address the increasing incidence, especially in younger populations.

PMID:40518435 | DOI:10.1177/10732748251351423

Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi. 2025 Jun 6;59(6):933-941. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20241125-00946.

ABSTRACT

Objective: To develop a quality assessment index system for infection prevention and control in integrated medical and elderly care facilities, providing methods for assessing infection control quality and a theoretical basis for enhancing infection prevention and control capabilities. Methods: This study initially constructed a framework for the quality evaluation index system through literature reviews, work specifications and standards and expert interviews. The Delphi method was employed to conduct two rounds of consultations with 19 experts to evaluate the necessity, feasibility, stability, and sensitivity of the indicators. The expert’s active coefficient, authority coefficient, degree of consensus, and coordination were statistically analyzed. The indicators were revised based on expert opinions to finalize the evaluation index system. The weights of the evaluation dimensions were determined using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), while the weights of the indicators were determined using the proportional allocation method. Reliability was assessed via Cronbach’s α coefficient, and content validity was verified through the Content Validity Index (CVI). Results: After two rounds of expert consultation, the expert positive coefficient, expert authority coefficient (Cr) and expert coordination coefficient Kendall’s W was 100%, 0.992 and 0.634 (P<0.001), indicating high expert authority, good concentration and coordination of opinions. The assessment index system for infection prevention and control quality in integrated medical and elderly care facilities was ultimately constructed, comprising three primary indicators, 18 secondary indicators and 68 tertiary indicators. Among the primary indicators, the process quality had the highest weight of 0.338. Within the process quality, the secondary indicators with the highest weights were infection control material allocation, hand hygiene quality and the management of cluster outbreaks. A total of 11 unique evaluation indicators for integrated medical and elderly care facilities were established, with the highest weighted indicator being the rate of standardized surveillance of infection-related risk factors. Reliability and validity analyses demonstrated that the overall Cronbach’s α coefficient of the system was 0.991, and the Scale-level Content Validity Index was 0.936, confirming good reliability and validity. Conclusion: The evaluation index system constructed in this study can serve as an effective assessment tool for the quantitative evaluation of infection control quality in integrated medical and elderly care facilities. Furthermore, it is recommended that the system undergo continuous optimization concerning its application.

PMID:40518427 | DOI:10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20241125-00946

Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi. 2025 Jun 6;59(6):877-883. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20250309-00187.

ABSTRACT

Objective: To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and infection sources of cholera in China from 2005 to 2024. Methods: A total of 2 066 cholera cases were included in the study, which were obtained from the China Disease Control and Prevention Information System (CDPCIS) of China CDC. The information on cholera clusters was downloaded from the National Public Health Emergency Event Surveillance System (PHEESS) of China CDC. A total of 128 cholera clusters were included and analyzed in this study. The epidemiological characteristics and infection sources of cholera were analyzed. The Jointpoint model was applied to analyze the incidence trend, and annual percentage change (APC) was also quantified. Results: From 2005 to 2024, a total of 2 066 cholera cases were reported, with an average of 103 cases reported annually. Specifically, the incidence showed a marked downward trend from 2004 to 2015 (APC=-26.78%, P=0.006). During 2015-2024, the disease remained at low endemic levels, with an average of 18 reported cases annually (APC=-2.68%, P=0.807). Cholera peak season was from May to October. A total of 24 provinces reported cholera cases, which were mainly distributed in Zhejiang, Fujian, Beijing, Jiangsu, Anhui, Guangdong, and Hainan provinces, accounting for 78.03% of the total cases. Pathogen surveillance indicated an alternating prevalence of Vibrio cholerae serogroups O1 and O139 among laboratory-confirmed cases between 2005 and 2024. There was a disparity in the dominant serogroup of Vibrio cholerae by region. The results from 128 cholera clusters indicated that cholera outbreaks frequently occurred in rural banquets (64.84%), followed by regular restaurants (13.28%). Among these, 63 clusters (49.22%) with identified infection sources indicated that foodborne transmission (95.24%) was the primary mode of cholera transmission, which mainly through seafood and aquatic products, such as soft-shelled turtles, shrimp and shellfish. The characteristics of cholera clusters caused by Vibrio cholerae serogroups O1 and O139 showed statistically significant differences in scale, attack rate, place of residence, setting, and infection source (P<0.05). Conclusion: Cholera incidence has remained consistently low since 2015 in China, mainly in sporadic cases. Rural gatherings (e.g., wedding banquets) are the main settings for cholera clusters. The main infection sources are predominantly caused by cross-contamination due to improper processing practices of aquatic products, such as soft-shelled turtles.

PMID:40518420 | DOI:10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20250309-00187

Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi. 2025 Jun 6;59(6):857-863. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20241011-00805.

ABSTRACT

To investigate the distribution of common inhalant and food allergens test results in children in Suzhou by gender, age and disease group, and to analyse the changes in allergen distribution in the different years, to provide theoretical guidance for the diagnosis, treatment and monitoring of children’s allergic diseases in Suzhou City. A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted to analyze the 2 736 children (1 654 males and 1 082 females) who were diagnosed and tested serum content of specific immunoglobulin E (sIgE) antibodies to inhalant and food allergens in the Children’s Hospital of Soochow University between October 2017 and June 2024. The allergen sIgE positive rates epidemiological characteristics were statistically analyzed by Chi square test by grouping based on different year, gender, age and disease. The results showed that a total of 2 736 children screened for allergens, with an overall positive allergen sIgE rate of 73.06%(1 999/2 736), and the top five allergen sIgE positive rates were Dermatophagoides farinae (40.75%, 1 115/2 736), Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (38.78%, 1 061/2 736), milk (34.65%, 948/2 736), egg whites (32.68%, 894/2 736) and molds and yeasts mixes (mx2) (24.82%, 679/2 736). The positive rates of food allergen sIgE were higher in the 2017-2019 (60.46%, 370/612) than the 2020-2022 (53.79%, 149/227) and after the 2023-2024 (48.46%, 895/1 847) (χ²=27.059,P<0.001); The positive rates of inhaled allergen sIgE were lower in the 2017-2019 (40.03%, 245/612) than the 2020-2022 (52.71%, 146/227) and the 2023-2024 (56.04%, 1 035/1 847)(χ²=47.223, P<0.001). The positive rates of inhaled allergen sIgE in males (54.96%, 909/1 654) were higher than those in females (47.78%, 517/1 082) (χ²=13.497, P<0.001). The total positive rate for the food allergen sIgE was highest at 1-3 years of age (67.55%, 589/872) and then gradually decreased with age (χ²=194.095, P<0.001); The total positive rate of inhaled allergen sIgE was lowest at the age of less than 1 year (8.33%, 22/206) and then gradually increased with age (χ²=300.329, P<0.001). The positive rates of food allergen sIgE, in descending order from high to low were asthma (59.40%), atopic dermatitis and eczema (48.10%), other groups (48.02%), allergic rhinitis (45.73%) and urticaria (40.00%); The positive rates of inhaled allergen sIgE were asthma (71.05%), allergic rhinitis (63.57%), atopic dermatitis and eczema (62.17%), urticaria (40.00%) and other groups (49.76%), and the difference between disease subgroups were statistically significant(χ² were 64.841 and 19.055, P<0.05). In conclusion, the top four allergen sIgE positive rates for children in the Suzhou area were Dermatophagoides farinae, Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, milk and egg white. Total sIgE positive rates for food allergens decreased progressively in the 2017-2019, 2020-2022 and 2023-2024, and total positive rates for inhalant allergens increased progressively in the 2017-2019, 2020-2022 and 2023-2024. The distribution of allergen positive varies with gender, age and disease.

PMID:40518417 | DOI:10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20241011-00805

Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi. 2025 Jun 6;59(6):844-856. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20241216-01008.

ABSTRACT

Objective: To explore the clinical distribution characteristics and changes of common inhalant allergens and food allergens in all outpatient and inpatient children visiting Shanghai Children’s Hospital from 2020 to 2024, and to provide a basis for the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of allergic diseases in children. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted to retrospectively enroll all outpatient and inpatient children who visited Shanghai Children’s Hospital and underwent serum allergen-specific IgE (sIgE) antibody testing from January 2020 to August 2024, and the characteristics and changing trends of allergens in the past 5 years were analyzed. A total of 127 310 tests were included. There were 76 776 male tests (60.31%) and 50 534 female tests (39.69%). There were 27 392 tests (21.52%) aged 0-3 years (infant group), 51 596 tests (40.53%) aged 4-6 years (preschool group), 44 574 tests (35.01%) aged 7-12 years (school-age group), and 3 748 tests (2.94%) aged 13-18 years (adolescent group). The χ2 test was used for statistical analysis. Results: The difference in total positivity rate between different years was statistically significant (χ2=2 907.478, P<0.001). The positive rates of inhalant allergens such as house dust, Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus/Dermatophagoides farinae, cockroach, cat dander, mugwort, Humulus scandens, mold fungi mix, and food allergens such as beef and mutton increased significantly with age (The χ2 values were 649.496, 3 414.686, 303.247, 1 277.408, 40.477, 189.952, 600.737, 203.198, and 15.301, respectively, and the P values were <0.001, <0.001, <0.001, <0.001, <0.001, <0.001,<0.001,<0.001, and 0.002, respectively). The positive rates of inhalant allergen such as Ambrosia elatior (1.59%) and food allergens such as egg white (17.36%), milk (30.48%), shrimp (8.27%), crab (8.13%), codfish (2.61%), salmon (0.66%), mytilus edulis (2.89%), lobster/scallop (5.27%), cashew nuts (5.09%), peanuts (3.54%), and soybean (1.73%) were highest at the age of 0-3 years and decreased significantly with age (The χ2 values were 10.365, 2 407.443, 139.085, 872.548, 870.245, 106.823, 47.674, 47.244, 559.422, 369.800, 384.788, 153.660, respectively, and the P values were 0.016, 0.000,<0.001,<0.001,<0.001,<0.001,<0.001,<0.001,<0.001,<0.001,<0.001,<0.001, respectively). Inhaled allergens mainly have a greater impact on children with respiratory-related diseases such as allergic rhinitis and asthma, while food allergens mainly have a greater impact on children with atopic dermatitis/eczema. The positive rate of sIgE of various allergens in the allergic rhinitis combined asthma group were higher than that of allergic rhinitis alone, and the sIgE positive rate of total allergens and inhaled allergens was significantly higher than that of allergic rhinitis alone (χ2=20.851, 39.155, the P values were both<0.001). Among them, the sIgE positive rate of Ambrosia elatior and cashew nuts showed significant difference (χ2=5.044, 8.420, P=0.025, 0.004); and the sIgE positive rate of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus/Dermatophagoides farinae, cat dander, grass pollens mix and mold fungi mix had extremely significant difference (χ2=26.409, 25.990, 21.283, 16.411, the P values were all <0.001). The inhaled allergens and food allergens with the highest positive rates in the 5 years were Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus/Dermatophagoides farinae (56.21%) and milk (47.47%), and as time went by, the positive rates gradually decreased. There is a moderate correlation between the three allergens of Ambrosia elatior, Amaranthus retroflexus, and tree pollens mix (0.55, 0.70, 0.63), and there is a moderate correlation between mango and tree pollens mix (0.50). Conclusion: Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus/Dermatophagoides farinae, cat dander, dog dander, egg white, and milk may be important allergens for children in Shanghai City from 2020 to 2024. The positive rates vary among different genders, age groups, and disease groups, but the positive rates of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus/Dermatophagoides farinae, milk and cat dander allergens remain in the top three.

PMID:40518416 | DOI:10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20241216-01008

Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi. 2025 Jun 6;59(6):834-843. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20241029-00859.

ABSTRACT

Objective: To investigate, for multi-sensitized allergic rhinitis (AR) patients allergic to dust mites combined with other allergens (pollen, mold, animal dander, etc.), whether the single dust mite subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) can improve the specific symptoms caused by other allergens in the patients, and to analyze the relationship between the effectiveness of symptom improvement in these patients and the type, quantity and severity of the allergens. Methods: A multicenter retrospective study was conducted to collect mul-sensitized AR patients from allergy or respiratory departments of 5 hospitals who received house dust mite allergen preparation SCIT for 12 to 36 months and met other inclusion and exclusion criteria from February to July 2024. General clinical data were collected and the perennial or seasonal symptoms before and after treatment were evaluated with visual analogue scale (VAS) to assess whether there was an perennial or allergen-specific symptom improvement (VAS score decrease ≥30%), by which the patients were divided into effective group and ineffective. R software was used to analyze the differences between groups by using Fisher’s exact test and Mann-Whitney U test. Results: A total of 62 patients were enrolled, and the treatment were effective in 39 of them, with an effective rate of 62.9%. For allergen-specific symptoms, the median age of the effective group was higher than that of the ineffective group (12 years old vs. 8 years old, P=0.039), and the effective rate in dust mite specific immunoglobin E (sIgE) grade ≤5 group was higher than that in sIgE grade >5 group (81.6% vs. 45.5%, P=0.008), and the effective rate of mold sIgE grade ≤2 group was higher than that of sIgE grade >2 group (83.3% vs. 28.6%, P=0.045), and there was no statistically significant correlation between the other allergen grades and the effective rate (P>0.05). For perennial symptoms, the effective rate in the mold grade ≤2 group was higher than that in the sIgE grade >2 group (91.3% vs. 28.6%, P=0.010), and there was no statistically significant correlation between the other allergen grades and the effective rate (P>0.05). There was no significant correlation between the treatment effectiveness of perennial or allergen-specific symptoms and the number of combined allergens, the grade of skin test, and the difference between the grade of combined allergens and that of dust mites (P>0.05). Conclusion: Among the patients with multi-sensitized AR allergic to dust mites included in this study, single dust mite SCIT is effective in some of them, and for allergen-specific symptoms, the effective group was elder, and dust mite sIgE grade 6 and mold sIgE grade ≥2 was related to the low effective rate of SCIT. The present results are insufficient for selecting single or multiple AIT in any type of multi-sensitized patients.

PMID:40518415 | DOI:10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20241029-00859

Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi. 2025 Jun 6;59(6):825-833. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20241007-00791.

ABSTRACT

Objective: To investigate clinical efficacy and safety of dupilumab in the treatment of moderate to severe atopic dermatitis (AD) complicated with asthma. Methods: A self-controlled study before and after treatment was conducted to retrospectively analyze 45 patients with moderate to severe atopic dermatitis combined with asthma who received dupilumab in the respiratory allergy clinic of North Theater Command General Hospital from January 2021 to May 2024, which age ≥12 years, including 27 males, 18 females. The treatment period was 4 to 12 months. All patients were treated with dupilumab combined with inhaled glucocorticoids and long-acting beta2-receptor agonists, as well as symptomatic drugs for atopic dermatitis. Analyze the clinical data of the patients before and after treatment, including lung function, asthma and AD-related assessment scales. Generalized estimation equation was used to analyze the simple effect of time on the repeated measurement data following non-normal distribution, and Wilcoxon signed rank test was used to compare the differences of each observation index before and after treatment. Results: Among 45 patients with moderate to severe atopic dermatitis complicated with asthma, after treatment with dupilumab, the FEV₁ increased from 2.39 (1.87, 2.83) L at baseline to 2.50 (1.84, 2.97) L 3 months after treatment (Z=2.417, P=0.016), 2.60 (1.95, 3.14) L 6 months after treatment (Z=2.896, P=0.004); the FEV₁pred% increased from 74.10% (67.70%, 78.75%) at baseline to 77.09% (68.40%, 80.24%) at 3 months after treatment (Z=2.574, P=0.010), and 77.20% (71.10%, 80.72%) at 6 months after treatment (Z=2.861, P=0.004). Meanwhile, there were statistically significant differences in the ACT and Mini-AQLQ scales at 3, 6, and 12 months after treatment compared with those before treatment (ACT score Z=3.170, 4.216, 5.723; Mini-AQLQ score Z=3.231, 4.133, 5.826; all P<0.05). The EASI scale decreased from baseline 25.90 (18.95, 33.45) to 6.20 (1.15, 8.35) at 4 months after treatment (Z=5.842, P<0.05) and 4.90 (2.75, 8.35) at 6 months after treatment (Z=5.841, P<0.05), 4.00 (3.15, 5.05) at 12 months after treatment (Z=5.841, P<0.05); The scores of each scale of IGA, NRS and DLQI decreased significantly compared with the baseline after 4 months, 6 months and 12 months of treatment, and this trend became more obvious with the extension of treatment time. The differences were statistically significant (IGA score Z=6.247, 6.070, 5.946; NRS score Z=5.960, 5.893, 5.879; DLQI score Z=5.880, 5.850, 5.848; all P<0.05). During treatment, 1 patient had local adverse reactions at the injection site and 1 patient had conjunctivitis. Conclusion: Dupilumab may have a positive effect on improving the clinical efficacy of patients with moderate to severe atopic dermatitis complicated with asthma. During the 12-month observation period, this biological agent generally demonstrated good safety characteristics.

PMID:40518414 | DOI:10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20241007-00791

Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi. 2025 Jun 10;46(6):1051-1057. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20240914-00577.

ABSTRACT

Objective: The clinical symptoms of children with global developmental delay (GDD) were analyzed to provide the scientific basis for the intervention of children with GDD. Methods: The results of the neuro-psychobehavioral scale were collected from 32 511 children with GDD from June 2020 to November 2023. Inclusion criteria: Children diagnosed with GDD according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-V, ages 0.0 to 4.9 years. Exclusion criteria: children with common hearing impairment and visual impairment. The Chi-square tests were used for statistical analysis. Results: There were more boys than girls with GDD in outpatient clinics (68.2% vs. 31.8%). Among the children, the proportion of developmental delay in 5, 4, 3, and 2 domains was 31.1%, 23.4%, 22.9% and 22.6% respectively. The rate of delay in 2-3 domains was lower in boys (41.9%) than in girls (53.1%). The rate of delay in 4-5 domains was higher in boys (58.1%) than in girls (46.9%) (χ²=352.11, P<0.001). Overall, outpatient GDD decreased with age. From 1.0-1.9 to 4.0-4.9 years of age, the proportion of children with developmental delay in 5 domains increased with age (18.2%, 36.4%, 43.9%, 52.4%). Among children aged 0.0-0.9 years, the proportion of 2 domains of developmental delay was higher (33.4%).Among children aged 1.0-1.9 years, the proportion of 2-3 domains of developmental delay was higher (30.7%). Among children aged 2.0-, 3.0-, 4.0-4.9 years, the proportion of developmental delay in 5 domains was higher (36.4%, 43.9%, 52.4%). In children with GDD, the fine motor delay occurred most frequently (85.1%), followed by social self-care (83.9%), language (79.0%), adaptation (62.3%), and gross motor (52.8%). The frequency of developmental delays in fine motor, adaptability, language, and social self-care in boys was higher than that in girls (χ²=161.37, χ²=41.10, χ²=320.90, χ²=238.54, all P<0.001). The age groups with the highest delay incidence of gross motor, fine motor, adaptability, language, and social self-care were: 4.0-4.9 years (70.6%), 3.0-3.9 years (97.4%), 4.0-4.9 years (81.2%), 2.0-2.9 years (90.9%),2.0-2.9 years (95.4%). The proportions of fine motor delay in GDD children aged 0.0-0.9, 3.0-3.9 and 4.0-4.9 years were (74.5%, 97.4%, 96.8%) and the proportions of social self-care delay in GDD children aged 1.0- and 2.0-2.9 years were (92.1%, 95.4%). Peripheral and mild developmental delays were predominant in children with GDD. The proportion of severe language delay (6.4%) was higher than that in other fields. Conclusions: The proportion of GDD children with developmental delay in 4-5 domains was 54.5%. The most frequent domain of delay was fine motor. The frequencies of developmental delays in fine motor skills, adaptability, language, and social self-care in boys were higher than in girls. Most of the developmental delays in GDD children were marginal and mild. The rate of severe developmental delay in language was higher than in other domains.

PMID:40518401 | DOI:10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20240914-00577