Nevin Manimala

Eur J Haematol. 2021 Mar 4. doi: 10.1111/ejh.13614. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: To validate the predictive value on time to first treatment (TTFT) of AIPS-E and IPS-E evaluated in an independent cohort of newly diagnosed and non-referred Binet stage A CLL patients enrolled in the O-CLL1-GISL protocol (clinicaltrial.gov identifier: NCT00917540).

METHODS: A cohort of 292 newly diagnosed Binet A CLL cases has been enrolled in the study. Patients from several Italian Institutions were prospectively enrolled within 12 months of diagnosis into the O-CLL1-GISL protocol RESULTS: The majority of patients were male (62%); median age was 60.4 years, 102 cases (34.9%) showed unmutated IGHV genes, 8 cases (2.8) the presence of del(11q)/del(17p), 142 cases (48.6%) the presence of palpable lymph nodes and 146 cases (50%) and ALC >15×10⁹ /l. After a median follow-up of 7.2 years, 130 patients underwent treatment. According to the AIPS-E, 96 patients were classified as low-risk, 128 as intermediate-risk, and 68 as high-risk. These groups showed significant differences in terms of TTFT. The C-statistic was 0.71 (P<0.0001) for predicting TTFT. According to IPS-E, 77 patients were classified as low-risk, 135 as intermediate-risk, and 80 as high-risk. These groups showed significant differences in terms of TTFT. The C-statistic was 0.705 (P<0.0001) for predicting TTFT.

CONCLUSIONS: Our data confirm an accurate prognostic utility of both AIPS-E and IPS-E at the individual patient level. These data may be useful for a precise stratification of early-stage patients.

PMID:33662164 | DOI:10.1111/ejh.13614

JAMA Netw Open. 2021 Mar 1;4(3):e210775. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.0775.

ABSTRACT

IMPORTANCE: Ibuprofen is widely used in children worldwide, especially in those with cancer, fever, or trauma. However, large and high-quality studies of the association between ibuprofen and acute kidney injury (AKI) in children have been lacking.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the association between the use of ibuprofen and the risk of hospital-acquired AKI in hospitalized children in China.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This cohort study analyzed the cohort of the Epidemiology of AKI in Chinese Hospitalized Patients (EACH) study, a large, multicenter retrospective study of 3 044 023 patients who were admitted to 1 of 25 academic medical centers in China between January 1, 2013, and December 31, 2015. Patient-level data were obtained from the electronic health record system of the participating centers. Hospitalized children aged 1 month to 18 years who had prescriptions and a certain number of serum creatinine (SCr) tests were included. Children with end-stage renal disease, community-acquired AKI, low baseline SCr level (<10 μmol/L), high standardized baseline SCr level (>4 times the sex- and age-specific reference value), or missing diagnosis code were excluded. Data analysis was conducted from January 1, 2020, to August 30, 2020.

EXPOSURES: Exposure to ibuprofen was coded as a time-dependent dichotomous variable.

MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Baseline SCr level was calculated for each patient as the mean of all available SCr values between the 30 days prior to admission and the first SCr testing within the first 3 days of hospitalization. Acute kidney injury was defined as an increase in SCr level of 26.5 μmol/L or higher within 48 hours or by 50% or more over the baseline value, according to the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes guidelines.

RESULTS: Among the 50 420 children (mean [SD] age, 5.0 [5.2] years; 30 640 boys [60.8%]) included in this study, 5526 (11.0%) used ibuprofen and 3476 (6.9%) developed hospital-acquired AKI during hospitalization. Ibuprofen use was associated with a statistically significantly increased risk of hospital-acquired AKI (hazard ratio [HR], 1.23; 95% CI, 1.14-1.34) after adjusting for confounders. Ibuprofen use was associated with a greater hazard in children who had chronic kidney disease vs those without (HR, 2.31 [95% CI, 1.73-3.10] vs 1.19 [95% CI, 1.09-1.29]), required intensive care vs those without this need (HR, 1.47 [95% CI, 1.24-1.75] vs 1.18 [95% CI, 1.07-1.29]), or were older vs younger (>10 years and >1 year to 10 years vs 1 month to 1 year) (HR, 1.64 [95% CI, 1.32-2.05]; 1.36 [95% CI, 1.23-1.52] vs 0.99 [95% CI, 0.86-1.13]). Dose-response analysis suggested that the association of ibuprofen with the risk of hospital-acquired AKI was dose-dependent.

CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: This study found that ibuprofen was widely used and associated with an increased risk of hospital-acquired AKI in hospitalized children in China. The judicious use of ibuprofen and close monitoring of kidney function in children are needed.

PMID:33662136 | DOI:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.0775

Phys Chem Chem Phys. 2021 Mar 4. doi: 10.1039/d1cp00031d. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Lanthanide elements have well-documented similarities in their chemical behavior, which make the valuable trivalent lanthanide cations (Ln3+) particularly difficult to separate from each other in water. In this work, we apply ab initio molecular dynamics simulations to compare the free energies (ΔGads) associated with the adsorption of lanthanide cations to silica surfaces at a pH condition where SiO- groups are present. The predicted ΔGads for lutetium (Lu3+) and europium (Eu3+) are similar within statistical uncertainties; this is in qualitative agreement with our batch adsorption measurements on silica. This finding is remarkable because the two cations exhibit hydration free energies (ΔGhyd) that differ by >2 eV, different hydration numbers, and different hydrolysis behavior far from silica surfaces. We observe that the similarity in Lu3+ and Eu3+ ΔGads is the result of a delicate cancellation between the difference in Eu3+ and Lu3+ hydration (ΔGhyd), and their difference in binding energies to silica. We propose that disrupting this cancellation at the two end points, either for adsorbed or completely desorbed lanthanides (e.g., via nanoconfinment or mixed solvents), will lead to effective Ln3+ separation.

PMID:33662085 | DOI:10.1039/d1cp00031d

Int J Prosthodont. 2021 Mar 3. doi: 10.11607/ijp.6345. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To measure the retrieval force required to remove 1.5-mm-thick CAD/CAM zirconia copings cemented on zirconia (Zr) and titanium (Ti) stock implant abutments after a single application of erbium-doped yttrium scandium gallium garnet (Er:YSGG) laser.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 60 monolithic Zr copings were cemented on Zr and Ti implant abutments with either a resin-modified glass-ionomer (RelyX Luting Plus Cement, 3M ESPE; Rx) or a zinc oxide eugenol cement (Temp-Bond, Kerr; Tb). These abutment-coping specimens were randomly divided into 12 groups based on laser application (vs control [C]), abutment type (Zr vs Ti), cement (Rx vs Tb), and storage condition (dry [D] vs saline water [W]). Er:YSGG laser was applied at 6 W, 30% water-60% air, and 20 Hz (300 mJ/pulse energy) postcementation following a defined pattern. The force required to remove all the cemented copings from their abutments was measured on a universal testing machine (Instron model 4204). Descriptive statistics, multi-factor analysis of variance, and post hoc Tukey honest significant difference tests (α = .05) were performed.

RESULTS: The mean peak force values at removal of the Zr abutment groups were 470.3 ± 151.33 N (ZrRxC), 161.7 ± 19.29 N (ZrRxD), 316.03 ± 95.24 N (ZrRxW), 103.27 ± 24.53 N (ZrTbC), 39.33 ± 6.21 N (ZrTbD), and 20.33 ± 6.45 N (ZrTbW); and for the Ti abutment groups were 349.80 ± 106.82 N (TiRxC), 84.63 ± 14.02 N (TiRxD), 177 ± 62.57 N (TiRxW), 54.77 ± 9.10 N (TiTbC), 22.67 ± 4.32 N (TiTbD), and 11.57 ± 2.30 N (TiTbW).

CONCLUSION: Within the limitations of this study, it can be concluded that Er:YSGG laser allows for easier removal of cemented Zr copings with lower removal forces, with Ti abutment groups requiring lower forces than Zr abutment specimens. No significant difference was seen between laser and control groups for Tb compared to Rx. Er:YSGG laser shows great clinical promise for predictable retrievability of cemented, monolithic Zr implant crowns, especially with stronger resin-based cement such as Rx. With further clinical evidence, this could be very useful for clinicians managing cement-retained implant crown complications.

PMID:33662063 | DOI:10.11607/ijp.6345

Int J Prosthodont. 2021 Mar 3. doi: 10.11607/ijp.6983. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To investigate the effect of monolithic zirconia-based occlusal surfaces on signs and symptoms of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) after short-term clinical service.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients were supplied with multi-unit fixed dental prostheses (FDP) featuring monolithic zirconia-based occlusal surfaces. Prior to prosthetic treatment and 1 year after insertion anamnestic facial pain, pain with palpation of muscles/joints and joint sounds were examined.

RESULTS: Of the 50 patients, 43 were re-examined after 1 year. Perceived facial pain was not present, pain with palpation occurred in 2 patients, and TMJ sounds decreased; differences were not statistically significant (P ≥ .058).

CONCLUSION: Single tooth-supported multiunit FDPs featuring monolithic zirconia-based occlusal surfaces did not affect TMD-associated signs and symptoms.

PMID:33662060 | DOI:10.11607/ijp.6983

Int J Prosthodont. 2021 Mar 3. doi: 10.11607/ijp.7367. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To compare patient adaptation to and satisfaction with new complete dentures fabricated with a duplication construction protocol (DCP) using two different occlusal schemes, bilateral balanced (BBO) and lingualized (LO).

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty complete denture wearers who received replacement DCP dentures participated in this study. Ten participants received complete dentures with a BBO scheme, and the other 10 received DCP dentures with an LO scheme. All of them evaluated their prostheses subjectively through the Oral Health Impact Profile-20 (OHIP-20) and the Complete Denture Satisfaction (CDS) questionnaires before treatment and at 3- and 6-month posttreatment intervals. The new prostheses were also normatively evaluated by recording the location and number of sore spots present at the scheduled early adjustment visits. Data were analyzed with nonparametric tests to identify differences in patient responses between groups and within each group at each evaluation interval point (α = .05).

RESULTS: The within-group comparisons revealed statistically significant improvement for both denture groups (P < .05), while the between-group comparisons did not record statistically significant differences at the overall evaluation period (P > .05). Significant within-group differences were recorded in the pain, functional limitation, and psychologic disability domains of the OHIP-20 questionnaire and the comfort, esthetics, and stability domains of the CDS questionnaire.

CONCLUSION: The patients’ adaptation to and satisfaction with newly constructed DCP dentures improved significantly for both BBO and LO denture groups throughout the evaluation period. The mean number of early adjustment visits was equal for both the BBO and LO denture groups.

PMID:33662056 | DOI:10.11607/ijp.7367

Int J Prosthodont. 2021 Mar 3. doi: 10.11607/ijp.7280. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy of manual and machine-aided cleaning to remove matured plaque from removable partial dentures (RPD).

MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 32 patients with bilateral free-end saddle RPDs were included. The plaque was stained, and the RPD was photographed on all sides. One saddle was randomly allocated to manual cleaning, while the other was allocated to no cleaning. The patient manually cleaned the saddle by applying a denture brush and gel. The whole RPD was then cleaned with the aide of a machine using a rotating needle device. After each step, plaque dyeing and photographing were repeated. The plaque proportions (% pixel) were measured using special software. For statistical analysis, mixed models were used to adjust for baseline covariates, including plaque and surfaces, and to cover all time points.

RESULTS: The mean plaque area without cleaning at the fitting surface was higher than at the buccal/lingual surfaces (32.8% [95% CI: 28.1% to 36.4%] vs 15.3% [13.1% to 17.4%], respectively). Manual cleaning was not substantially better than no cleaning (4.6% [-0.1% to 9.2%] for the difference at fitting surfaces; disclaiming a substantial difference of > 10%; the difference found was even smaller at buccal/lingual surfaces). Machine-aided cleaning was substantially better than manual cleaning (16.1% [12.0% to 20.2%] for the difference at fitting surfaces and 7.3% [4.6% to 10.0%] at buccal/lingual surfaces). The combination of manual and machine-aided cleaning was not better than machine-aided cleaning alone (-0.2% [-2.6% to 2.1%] difference at fitting surface).

CONCLUSION: Manual cleaning is insufficient in removing matured denture plaque. Machine-aided cleaning is clearly superior to manual cleaning, especially at fitting surfaces.

PMID:33662054 | DOI:10.11607/ijp.7280

Int J Prosthodont. 2021 Mar 3. doi: 10.11607/ijp.7193. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To assess the retention and adaptation of milled and printed denture bases and to compare them to conventional ones.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 24 completely edentulous patients were selected. For each patient, three maxillary denture bases were constructed. Three groups were defined according to fabrication technique: group I = denture bases were constructed by a conventional technique; group II = denture bases were milled from prepolymerized blocks of polymethyl methacrylate; and group III = denture bases were fabricated by a 3D printing technique. A digital force gauge was used for measuring the retention of the denture bases intraorally, while Geomagic Control X 64 software was used to evaluate the adaptation of the denture bases with their corresponding master casts. Analysis of variance for repeated measures was used for comparison among the groups, followed by pairwise comparison with Bonferroni correction as a post hoc test. The significance level was set at α = .05.

RESULTS: Statistical analysis showed significant differences among the three groups regarding retention and adaptation. The highest values of retention and adaptation of denture bases were found in group II (milling group).

CONCLUSION: Within the limitations of this study, the following could be concuded: milled denture bases demonstrated better retention and adaptation than the conventional heat-polymerized and the printed denture bases; and printed denture bases showed better adaptation but similar retention to conventional heat-polymerized denture bases.

PMID:33662053 | DOI:10.11607/ijp.7193

Int J Prosthodont. 2021 Mar 3. doi: 10.11607/ijp.7061. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To assess the survival rate of 3 mol % yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystal (3Y-TZP) minimally invasive anterior and posterior single and double partial retainer fixed dental prostheses (PRFDPs).

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-three patients (18 women and 5 men, age range: 20 to 66 years) with single-tooth gaps received 28 3Y-TZP PRFDPs. Eight PRFDPs had two partial retainers and one pontic, two PRFDPs had two partial retainers and one pontic with a mesial cantilever, and 18 PRFDPs had one retainer and one cantilever. The abutment teeth were prepared following specific guidelines for all-ceramic restorations, considering existing direct restorations, carious processes, and occlusal conditions. The restorations were made of 3Y-TZP using CAD/CAM technology. Cementation was performed either conventionally, using resin-modified glass-ionomer (n = 6), or adhesively, using dual-polymerized resin cement (n = 22). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was conducted. A P value of .05 was considered statistically significant.

RESULTS: During the observation period (5.92 ± 1.74 years, minimum = 2 years, maximum = 10 years), three debondings occurred, all in the two-retainer group and the mandible. The survival rates for the two types of intervention were different, with 100% for a single retainer and 70% for a double retainer, but without a significant difference (log-rank test χ²(1) = 0.200, P = .655).

CONCLUSION: The 3Y-TZP PRFDPs presented in this study showed no failure when bonded and not conventionally cemented. Therefore, they can be used in cases where implant therapy is not possible or indicated.

PMID:33662049 | DOI:10.11607/ijp.7061

PLoS One. 2021 Mar 4;16(3):e0248075. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0248075. eCollection 2021.

ABSTRACT

The world is facing the coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19), which began in China. By August 18, 2020, the United States, Brazil, and India were the most affected countries. Health infrastructure and socioeconomic vulnerabilities may be affecting the response capacities of these countries. We compared official indicators to identify which vulnerabilities better determined the exposure risk to COVID-19 in both the most and least affected countries. To achieve this purpose, we collected indicators from the Infectious Disease Vulnerability Index (IDVI), the World Health Organization (WHO), the World Bank, and the Brazilian Geography and Statistics Institute (IBGE). All indicators were normalized to facilitate comparisons. Speed, incidence, and population were used to identify the groups of countries with the highest and lowest risks of infection. Countries’ response capacities were determined based on socioeconomic, political, and health infrastructure conditions. Vulnerabilities were identified based on the indicator sensitivity. The highest-risk group included the U.S., Brazil, and India, whereas the lowest-risk group (with the largest population by continent) consisted of China, New Zealand, and Germany. The high-sensitivity cluster had 18 indicators (50% extra IDVI), such as merchandise trade, immunization, public services, maternal mortality, life expectancy at birth, hospital beds, GINI index, adolescent fertility, governance, political stability, transparency/corruption, industry, and water supply. The greatest vulnerability of the highest-risk group was related first to economic factors (merchandise trade), followed by public health (immunization), highlighting global dependence on Chinese trade, such as protective materials, equipment, and diagnostic tests. However, domestic political factors had more indicators, beginning with high sensitivity and followed by healthcare and economic conditions, which signified a lesser capacity to guide, coordinate, and supply the population with protective measures, such as social distancing.

PMID:33662028 | DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0248075