Tag: nevin manimala

Sci Rep. 2025 Jul 20;15(1):26342. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-11849-3.

ABSTRACT

Mastering the deformation and air leakage patterns of gob-side retained roadway in fully mechanized mining faces, as well as the distribution characteristics of the gas flow field, is of great significance for the comprehensive prevention and control of gas in the goaf. Taking the 20,107 fully mechanized mining face of Qincheng Coal Mine in Shanxi Province as a case study, this paper employs fracture mechanics and plate-beam theory to analyze the impact of the roof fracture position on stress concentration and deformation failure of the roadway wall. It is found that when the fracture line is located outside the wall, the supporting stress can be effectively transferred and pressure can be relieved. Based on this, a calculation method for the critical position of roof-cutting and pressure-relief is proposed. Through field measurements and statistical analysis, the quantitative characteristics of the air leakage flow field and gas concentration distribution in the gob-side retained roadway goaf area were obtained. Consequently, a comprehensive gas prevention and control technology for gob-side retained roadway was proposed, which primarily includes directional drilling with staged hydraulic fracturing for roof cutting and pressure relief, along with enhanced coordinated gas extraction. Additionally, it incorporates auxiliary measures such as silicate composite material spraying for leakage sealing, optimization of ventilation pipe parameters in retained roadway, and airflow regulation for pressure reduction. The proposed approach was validated through field practice. The research results indicate that: (1) The air leakage flow field in the 20,107 goaf is characterized by positive-pressure leakage from the intake airflow of the belt roadway and high-concentration gas accumulation on the retained roadway side, which then enters the return airflow. The positive-pressure air leakage volume in the inclined section of the working face (0-36 m) is 332.84 m³/min, accounting for 58.17% of the total, while the air leakage volume in the retained roadway section (36-108 m along the strike) is 408.45 m³/min, accounting for 87.09%. (2) After optimization, the average pure gas extraction rate of directional drilling boreholes (fracturing and extraction boreholes) in the fractured zone reaches 7.46 m³/min, while the average gas concentration in the gob-side retained roadway gradually decreases from 0.59 to 0.34%. These findings provide a theoretical and practical basis for controlling the deformation of gob-side retained roadway walls, reducing air leakage in the goaf, and improving gas extraction efficiency, thereby guiding the safe and efficient production of fully mechanized mining faces.

PMID:40685412 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-025-11849-3

Sci Rep. 2025 Jul 20;15(1):26331. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-11701-8.

ABSTRACT

Low urinary flow rates are frequently observed following tubularized incised plate urethroplasty. The underlying cause is not yet fully understood and may be associated with low urethral compliance. The purpose of this study is to non-invasively evaluate the urethral compliance in a rabbit model. Ten male New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into a control group and a urethroplasty group for tubularized incised plate urethroplasty. Seven weeks post-operatively, ex vivo urethral compliance was evaluated using both the Jesus invasive measurement and the non-invasive method. The Jesus measurement involved measuring urethral volume and pressure by air insufflation, and the non-invasive method utilized ultrasound and uroflowmetry to assess the urethral anterior-posterior diameter and flow data, respectively. Curve regression analysis was applied to calculate urethral compliance. Curve regression analysis revealed that the median urethral compliance measured by non-invasive method in the control group was 0.247 (0.241, 0.257) mm•s/ml, and it was 0.269 (0.263, 0.270) mm•s/ml in the urethroplasty group, with no significant difference between the two groups. The Jesus method indicated median urethral compliance was 0.141 (0.137, 0.149) ml/cmH₂O for the control group and 0.182 (0.173, 0.192) ml/cmH₂O for the urethroplasty group, showing no significant statistical difference. In the rabbit model, urinary flow rate and anterior-posterior diameter serve as non-invasive indicators that can effectively reflect urethral compliance, and TIP surgery has no significant impact on urethral compliance.

PMID:40685409 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-025-11701-8

Sci Rep. 2025 Jul 20;15(1):26340. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-11194-5.

ABSTRACT

SD Solar drying is increasingly recognized as a sustainable and energy-efficient solution for preserving agricultural products, offering a practical alternative to fossil fuel-dependent methods and traditional open sun drying (OSD). However, its overall performance is highly influenced by environmental variability and system design. This study provides a detailed evaluation of a newly developed direct solar dryer (DDSD) for tomato dehydration, conducted under real and fluctuating climatic conditions in Aswan, Egypt, from February 22 to 27, 2025. During the trial period, solar irradiance ranged widely from 88 to 826 W/m² due to intermittent cloud cover, while ambient temperatures fluctuated between 22 and 34 °C-conditions representative of actual field environments. Tomato samples were prepared in three physical forms-halves, quarters, and 6 mm slices-and subjected to two pretreatment methods (salted and unsalted) to assess their effects on drying kinetics. The DDSD demonstrated significantly better performance than OSD, reducing drying durations by 25-39.6%. The most efficient results were achieved for salted 6 mm slices, which dried in just 9 h-substantially faster than the 29 h for unsalted halves in DDSD and 48 h in OSD. These samples also exhibited the highest effective moisture diffusivity (D_eff) (5.92 × 10⁻⁹ m²/s), reflecting enhanced internal moisture transport. Among 12 drying models evaluated, the Logistic model most accurately described the drying behavior in the DDSD, with an excellent statistical fit (R² = 0.999524, χ² = 6.74 × 10⁻⁵, RMSE = 0.006868). Economically, the DDSD, integrated with a photovoltaic (PV) system, required a modest initial investment of $520 and achieved a payback period of just 1.82 years for salted slices due to faster processing and increased throughput. From an environmental perspective, the system is projected to offset approximately 105.68 metric tons of CO₂ emissions over a 20-year lifespan, with an energy payback time of only 1.10 years and potential revenue of $1321.04 from carbon credits. These findings underscore the DDSD’s potential as a cost-effective, environmentally sustainable, and technically efficient solution for agricultural drying in solar-rich regions.

PMID:40685404 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-025-11194-5

Sci Rep. 2025 Jul 20;15(1):26321. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-11463-3.

ABSTRACT

The present study evaluates the toxicological effects of carbosulfan by observing the mortality, behavioural responses, and alteration of oxidative biomarkers such as CAT, SOD, and MDA. The mortality rate of tubificid worms exposed to the toxicant differed substantially (p < 0.05) from the control group at all concentrations throughout the experiment. The p-value less than 0.05 indicates that the changes in these biomarkers were statistically significant. The severity of behavioural changes included irregular movement, decreased clumping proclivity, mucus production, and a surge in autotomy. Long-term exposure to two sub-lethal doses of CBSF (0.831 mg/L and 1.632 mg/L) resulted in the disintegration of longitudinal muscles of tubificid worms, the continuity of longitudinal muscle (LM) parallel to the gut, and ruptured mucus channel (MC) from the anterior portion of the worm. In addition, scanning electron microscope images revealed the alteration of epidermal lesions, setal anomalies, and clitellar swelling due to CBSF exposure. The oxidative stress biomarkers catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malonaldehyde (MDA) increased with increasing concentrations of CBSF, i.e., 0.831 mg/L and 1.632 mg/L. The maximum elevation of CAT, SOD and MDA was observed on the 14th day. In addition, IBRv2 analysis demonstrated that tissue biomarkers were extremely sensitive to the toxicity of CBSF, and extended exposure might result in major health consequences, such as acute toxicity in tubificid worms because of increased oxidative stress biomarkers. The log-normal curve of species sensitivity distribution (SSDs) depicted the ecotoxicological risk assessment through 96 h LC_50, i.e., 8.31 mg/L. Strong interactions between CBSF and key stress biomarker enzymes were shown by molecular docking experiments, which interfered with the enzymes’ activities and might have caused oxidative stress. Interactions with cytochrome c oxidase indicated disruption of the process by which cells produce energy. The findings highlight the need for more investigation to completely understand the sensitivity of tubificids to environmental pollutants and the long-term impacts of pesticide exposure on aquatic health and ecosystem stability.

PMID:40685402 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-025-11463-3

Sci Rep. 2025 Jul 20;15(1):26338. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-11203-7.

ABSTRACT

The prevalence of childhood obesity has been increasing worldwide, garnering increasing public attention due to various complications and long-term effects. Many researchers have indicated that obese children experienced higher fracture risk compared with nonobese children. However, the findings from different researchers reported a controversial result and few of them paid attention to the differences in BMI Z-score and obesity between different fracture sites, which would be quite useful since these can guide obese children in protecting specific regions. This study comprised 17,942 hospitalized children diagnosed with fractures and 3219 healthy children who came for physical examination and had not been diagnosed with any illness. Data on age, gender, fracture seasons, fracture sites, height, weight, total cholesterol, triacylglycerol, and high-density lipoprotein were collected. One-way ANOVA, t-test, Chi-square test, propensity score matching, and logistic regression models were used in statistical analysis. Children with lower limb fractures exhibited the highest BMI Z-score (0.58 ± 1.74), followed by those with upper limb fractures (0.50 ± 1.52), axial fractures (0.31 ± 1.56), and head fractures (-0.02 ± 1.52). In terms of obesity, children with lower limb fractures exhibited the highest obesity rate (20.20%), whereas those with upper limb fractures (15.61%) and axial fractures (14.96%) displayed comparable obesity rates. Children with head fractures had the lowest obesity rate (8.42%). Moreover, BMI Z-score (2.43 ± 1.22vs0.15 ± 1.43, P < 0.001), obesity (62.97%vs8.61%, P < 0.001) and dyslipidemia (31.22%vs24.67%, P < 0.001) were statistically significant difference between the fracture and healthy groups. The logistic regression models showed that BMI Z-score was associated with an increased risk of fracture (P < 0.001, OR = 4.89, 95%CI: 4.53-5.27). This study suggests that children with lower limb fractures exhibited the highest BMI Z-score and obesity rate, while those with head fractures had the lowest BMI Z-score and obesity rate. When compared with the healthy group, fracture children had higher BMI Z-score, obesity, and dyslipidemia rates. In addition, BMI Z-score was associated with an increased risk of fractures.

PMID:40685394 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-025-11203-7

Sci Rep. 2025 Jul 20;15(1):26334. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-05927-9.

ABSTRACT

Potassium cyanide (KCN) is a highly lethal poison with cyanide anions having an inhibitory effect on complex IV of the mitochondrial respiratory chain, leading to stoppage in electron transport and eventually cessation of aerobic respiration within the cell. Tardigrades are a group of small invertebrates, most well known for their exceptional resistance to environmental stressors, including exposure to aqueous solution of KCN. In this study, specimens of the tardigrade Paramacrobiotus experimentalis were subjected to KCN exposures of various concentrations and durations, as well as repeated exposures. The resulting reactions have been observed, both by observing its movements and through ultrastructure analysis using transmission electron microscope (TEM). Obtained results confirm high tolerance of tardigrades to KCN. After an initial period of debilitation, tardigrades gradually return to full activity. Statistically significant relationships between time needed for recovery and KCN concentration, duration of exposure and number of consecutive exposure episodes have been found. However, no significant relationship between KCN exposure and long-term survival has been found. Analysis using TEM has found changes in midgut and storage cells of exposed animals, including mitochondrial damage and evidence of autophagy. Finally, a new protocol for tardigrade exposure to KCN has been devised.

PMID:40685386 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-025-05927-9

Sci Rep. 2025 Jul 20;15(1):26356. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-09878-z.

ABSTRACT

In this paper, we present a predictive model based on artificial neural network (ANN) to evaluate principal physicochemical properties of a set of anti-inflammatory drugs based on chosen topological indices. The molecular descriptors were calculated from molecular structures and employed as the inputs to the ANN model. Normalization of the feature set was carried out before training to maintain convergence and stability of the model. The ANN exhibited excellent predictive ability based on a [Formula: see text] value of 0.94 and a mean squared error (MSE) of 0.0087 on the test set. The chemical structure data used were mainly retrieved from ChemSpider. The method showcases the promise of machine learning models to facilitate better virtual screening and assist in rational drug design by making accurate predictions of properties.

PMID:40685384 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-025-09878-z

Sci Rep. 2025 Jul 20;15(1):26359. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-09479-w.

ABSTRACT

Appropriate healthcare utilization and compliance with the WHO treatment guidelines can significantly reduce diarrhea-related childhood mortality and morbidity, while overuse of antibiotics notably increases antibiotic resistance. We studied care-seeking behavior and antibiotic use for childhood diarrhea by analyzing data from 8294 diarrheal episodes of 1-59-month-old children visiting a tertiary-care hospital in rural Bangladesh. Overall, 55% of the study children received antibiotics, while only 6% had dysentery. Notably, 77% of the antibiotics were obtained from a local pharmacy without a prescription. Antibiotics alone, without zinc or ORS, were used by more children with dysentery than watery diarrhea (15% vs. 9%; p < 0.001). While 85% of the children received ORS, only 7% received zinc and ORS without antibiotics. Children who received antibiotics before seeking care at the hospital had a significantly higher rate of hospitalization than those who did not have antibiotics (20% vs. 13%; p < 0.001). The factors that influenced the caregivers’ decision to seek care from the pharmacy were the desire for early recovery, traditional practices, faith in seeking care at pharmacies, and distance to a healthcare facility. Our findings warrant that reducing unnecessary antibiotic consumption requires increasing public awareness and strengthening laws on the sale of over-the-counter antibiotics.

PMID:40685382 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-025-09479-w

Epilepsy Behav. 2025 Jul 19;171:110598. doi: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2025.110598. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the lateralizing value of shoulder dislocation in seizure semiology of patients with focal epilepsy.

METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the charts of patients with shoulder dislocation secondary to seizures who were seen at our institution from April 1, 2002 to October 15, 2023.

RESULTS: A total of 87 patients met the inclusion criteria. Forty-four (50.6 %) had generalized epilepsy with tonic-clonic seizures, 22 (25.3 %) had focal epilepsy, and 21 (24.1 %) had epilepsy with unknown onset tonic-clonic seizures. Of the 22 patients who had focal epilepsy, 20 (91 %) had contralateral shoulder dislocation (95 % CI [71-99 %]). This association between seizure focus laterality and contralateral shoulder dislocation was statistically significant (Fisher’s exact test, p < 0.001).

SIGNIFICANCE: We found that shoulder dislocations were more common in patients with generalized compared to focal epilepsy. More important, most patients with focal epilepsy had contralateral shoulder dislocation. We think that this can serve as a potential novel lateralizing sign during the presurgical epilepsy evaluation, though it requires validation in larger, prospective studies.

PMID:40684517 | DOI:10.1016/j.yebeh.2025.110598

J Hazard Mater. 2025 Jul 18;496:139300. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.139300. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Aromatic amines are a group of compounds with industrial and environmental significance. The oxidative damage induced by large scale residential exposure to aromatic amines remains poorly characterized, necessitating comprehensive biomonitoring and mechanistic investigations. Herein, this study integrates large scale biomonitoring and cell-based high-throughput PCR array analysis to evaluate the oxidative damage induced by daily exposure to primary aromatic amines (PAAs), emerging aromatic amines (AAs), and their quinone derivatives (PPD-Qs) in the Chinese population. Urinary concentrations of 11 PAAs, 20 AAs, and 6 PPD-Qs were quantified (ΣPAAs > ΣAAs > ΣPPD-Qs) in 397 samples across 31 provinces/municipalities in China, uncovering significant regional variations. Advanced statistical regression analyses (multiple linear regression, weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression, and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR)) identified key chemical contributors, correlating with oxidative stress biomarkers (8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), 8-hydroxyguanosine (8-OHG), dityrosine (di-Y), and malondialdehyde (MDA)), indicative of DNA, RNA, protein, and lipid damage. The WQS model identified several key chemicals driving oxidative stress, including 1,3-Diphenylguanidine (DPG), 1,2,3-Triphenylguanidine (TPG), 1,3-Di-o-tolyguanidine (DTG), 4-Phenylaminodiphenylamine quinone (DPPD-Q), 4-(Cyclohexyl amino) diphenylamine quinone (CPPD-Q), and 2-naphthylamine (2-NA). In vitro experiments demonstrated that these prioritized chemicals elevated reactive oxygen species production by 118 %-241 % and dysregulated 11 oxidative stress-related genes, implicating pathways linked to superoxide metabolism and ferroptosis. This multi-faceted approach advances the understanding of aromatic amine-induced oxidative damage, offering critical insights to support chemical prioritization and regulatory measures to mitigate associated health risks.

PMID:40684506 | DOI:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.139300