Tag: nevin manimala

Neurourol Urodyn. 2025 May 22. doi: 10.1002/nau.70080. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

AIMS: We examined the role of subtypes of adenosine receptors in bladder dysfunction and changes in the adenosine receptor expression in the bladder using male rats with partial bladder outlet obstruction (BOO).

METHODS: In Sprague-Dawley rats (male 8-weeks old), BOO was produced by a partial ligation of the urethra along a metal rod of a 1.2 mm outer diameter. Control rats underwent sham operation. Awake cystometrograms (CMG) were first recorded during saline instillation, and then an adenosine A1 receptor agonist (CCPA, 4.1 μM), an adenosine A2A antagonist (ZM241385, 15 μM), or inosine (1 mM) were applied intravesically in sham and BOO rats. In addition, mRNA levels of adenosine receptor subtypes in the bladder wall were measured using RT-PCR. Histological studies of bladder specimen were also performed.

RESULTS: Weights of BOO bladders were significantly (p < 0.0001) larger compared with sham bladders. In CMG, a number of non-voiding contractions (NVCs), bladder contraction amplitudes during voiding, bladder capacity, and post-void residual (PVR) were significantly (p < 0.001) increased compared with sham rats. Voiding efficiency (VE) was significantly (p < 0.001) reduced in BOO versus sham rats. Intravesical application of CCPA or inosine did not induce statistically significant effects on CMG parameters in BOO rats. Yet, ZM241385 induced a significant (p = 0.040) reduction in NVCs of BOO rats. mRNA levels of adenosine A2A and A3 receptors were significantly (p < 0.0001 and p = 0.0145, respectively) upregulated in the BOO bladder mucosa, whereas adenosine A2B receptors showed a significant (p < 0.0001) reduction in the BOO bladder mucosa compared with sham bladders. Histologically, we found the thickened detrusor muscle layer in BOO versus sham rats.

CONCLUSIONS: The male rat model of BOO seems to be suitable for exploring urethral obstruction-related bladder dysfunction at the compensated phase. In addition, the adenosine A2A receptor subtype would be a potential target for the treatment of male BOO patients with bladder overactivity.

CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: A clinical trial registration is not required as this study reported the basic research data using animal models.

PMID:40401426 | DOI:10.1002/nau.70080

Environ Sci Technol. 2025 May 22. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.4c14013. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Marine pollution from potentially toxic elements (PTEs) threatens coastal ecosystems, making long-term assessments essential. This study analyzes trends in Al, Cr, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, and Hg using 446 samples of Fucus ceranoides, F. spiralis, and F. vesiculosus collected between 1990 and 2021 at 173 coastal sites in NW Spain. A consistent resampling approach revealed significant declines in most anthropogenic PTEs, including Cu (-84.7%), Cr (-84.6%), Hg (-49.6%), and Cd (-36.7%) over time. In contrast, arsenic increased by 36.1%, but the underlying causes remain unclear, with potential factors including changes in sediment inputs, bioavailability, or emerging sources such as groundwater discharges. Higher PTE levels were detected in inner estuarine areas, but no consistent latitudinal patterns emerged. Overall, the results suggest effective mitigation of coastal pollution, with reduced bioavailable PTEs entering the food web via Fucus spp. However, rising As levels and complex contamination dynamics underscore the need for continued monitoring. This study offers the most comprehensive standardized assessment of long-term PTE trends in brown algae to date, providing valuable insights for environmental policy and coastal management.

PMID:40401394 | DOI:10.1021/acs.est.4c14013

Brief Bioinform. 2025 May 1;26(3):bbaf223. doi: 10.1093/bib/bbaf223.

ABSTRACT

Network analysis has become an essential tool in biological and biomedical research, providing insights into complex biological mechanisms. Since biological systems are inherently time-dependent, incorporating time-varying methods is crucial for capturing temporal changes, adaptive interactions, and evolving dependencies within networks. Our study explores key time-varying methodologies for network structure estimation and network inference based on observed structures. We begin by discussing approaches for estimating network structures from data, focusing on the time-varying Gaussian graphical model, dynamic Bayesian network, and vector autoregression-based causal analysis. Next, we examine analytical techniques that leverage pre-specified or observed networks, including other autoregression-based methods and latent variable models. Furthermore, we explore practical applications and computational tools designed for these methods. By synthesizing these approaches, our study provides a comprehensive evaluation of their strengths and limitations in the context of biological data analysis.

PMID:40401349 | DOI:10.1093/bib/bbaf223

Suicide Life Threat Behav. 2025 Jun;55(3):e70023. doi: 10.1111/sltb.70023.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Few studies investigate cause-specific mortality in individuals with tic disorders. We aimed to examine all-cause, natural-cause, and unnatural-cause mortality in individuals with tic disorders.

METHODS: Using the nationwide database of Taiwan from 2003 to 2017, we identified 50,018 patients with tic disorders and, using a ratio of 1:4, matched unaffected controls based on birth year and sex. Cause-specific mortality (i.e., natural cause, accident, and suicide mortality) and all-cause mortality were assessed between the two cohorts using time-dependent Cox regression models.

RESULTS: After adjusting for demographics, individuals with tic disorders had increased likelihoods (reported as adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] with 95% confidence interval [CI]) of all-cause (1.14, 1.03-1.26), unnatural-cause (including accidents and suicides; 1.78, 1.43-2.23), and suicide mortality (3.09, 2.07-4.59) compared to controls. With additional adjustments for psychiatric comorbidities, the likelihood of all-cause, unnatural-cause, and suicide mortality remained significant. However, we did not find a higher natural cause mortality in patients with tic disorders compared to controls (1.02, 0.91-1.15).

CONCLUSION: Individuals with tic disorders have a higher likelihood of unnatural causes and suicide mortality after adjusting for demographics, clinical characteristics, and psychiatric comorbidities. Our findings suggest that clinicians should routinely monitor both the physical and mental conditions of patients with tic disorders.

PMID:40401343 | DOI:10.1111/sltb.70023

Lupus. 2025 May 22:9612033251344192. doi: 10.1177/09612033251344192. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BackgroundTo summarize the clinical characteristics of pediatric lupus encephalopathy and to investigate the therapeutic efficacy of intrathecal methotrexate and dexamethasone in the treatment of pediatric lupus encephalopathy.MethodsA retrospective study was conducted on 83 children diagnosed with Neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus (NPSLE) at the Department of Pediatric Nephrology and Rheumatology of the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from January 2002 to December 2023. The intrathecal injection and non-injection groups were divided based on whether they received intrathecal injections of methotrexate and dexamethasone. Clinical symptoms, laboratory tests, renal biopsy pathology, disease activity, and treatments were compared between the two groups, and the efficacy of intrathecal injection therapy for NPSLE was also assessed.ResultsOf the 83 children with NPSLE, 14 were male and 69 were female. NPSLE was the initial manifestation in 12 (14.46%) patients, while 71 (85.54%) developed it after systemic lupus erythematosus onset. The most frequently observed symptoms were headache and seizures. Imaging (CT/MRI) in 81 children showed abnormalities in 64 (79.01%), with cerebral atrophy being most common. The results of electroencephalography in 21 patients demonstrated abnormalities in 14 cases, and 7 of the 29 patients exhibited abnormal cerebrospinal fluid findings. A total of 68.67% of NPSLE patients were classified as chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage 1, while 31.33% were CKD stage 2 or higher. Renal biopsy in 60 children commonly indicated class IV or IV+V. The SLEDAI score at initial consultation was 20.93 ± 6.41. Among the 83 patients, 10 (12.05%) received intrathecal injections with an average of 5.2 per patient. Before treatment, the injection group had higher SLEDAI scores (p < 0.05). After treatment, the resolution times for NPSLE-related symptoms and imaging were shorter in the injection group, although the difference did not reach statistical significance. Notably, the injection group had a lower SLEDAI score and a more pronounced reduction (p < 0.05).ConclusionChildren with NPSLE in our center demonstrated more severe disease and higher disease activity index. Methotrexate and dexamethasone intrathecal therapy provided faster symptomatic relief and reduced disease activity in children with NPSLE.

PMID:40401342 | DOI:10.1177/09612033251344192

Age Ageing. 2025 May 3;54(5):afaf131. doi: 10.1093/ageing/afaf131.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Older adults, as a vulnerable population, typically show lower engagement with eHealth technologies. Limited internet access and low use for health information may contribute to poorer health outcomes.

OBJECTIVES: The purposes of this study were to examine differences in socio-demographics and compare healthy lifestyles, health statuses and attitudes toward online health information among different groups of internet access and use for health information.

DESIGN: This cross-sectional study utilised secondary data from the International Social Survey Programme.

METHODS: A structured questionnaire was used for data collection from May 2023 to April 2024. Respondents were divided into three groups: 22.02% in a No-Access group (no internet access), 28.75% in a Non-User group (have access but do not use it for health information), and 49.22% in a User group (have access and use it for health information). In total, 14 008 respondents aged over 60 years from 30 countries were selected.

RESULTS: Groups were significantly associated with most sociodemographic factors, with the educational level showing the strongest effect size in both access/no-access and users/non-users comparisons. Older adults in the No-Access group had lower frequencies of healthy lifestyles and worse health statuses, while those in the User group had higher frequencies of healthy lifestyles, better health statuses, and positive attitudes toward online health information.

CONCLUSIONS: Promoting a digitally inclusive environment is essential for enhancing internet access and use among older adults to support healthier lifestyles and improved health statuses.

PMID:40401340 | DOI:10.1093/ageing/afaf131

J Food Sci. 2025 May;90(5):e70279. doi: 10.1111/1750-3841.70279.

ABSTRACT

Ozonated olive oils are recognized for their remarkable antimicrobial properties. The reaction between ozone (O₃) and unsaturated fatty acids leads to the formation of bactericidal compounds (ozonides, aldehydes, and peroxides) with valuable applications. This study represents the first comprehensive investigation into the effects of a wide range of ozone exposure durations (from 0 to 48 h) on the physicochemical properties and antimicrobial activity of both virgin olive oil (VOO) and pomace olive oil (POO), along with a thorough statistical analysis of the correlation between ozone dose and these parameters. The physicochemical indicators, including fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) composition, peroxide index, acidity index, iodine value, and viscosity, were measured at ozonation doses ranging from 0 to 1 mol O₃. Significant changes were observed with increasing ozonation time, including a 69% and 46% reduction in oleic acid content, as well as increased peroxide values of 1255.2 mEq O₂/kg and 1878.8 mEq O₂/kg for VOO and POO, respectively. Antimicrobial activity was evaluated against Escherichia coli (STCC 45), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (STCC 109), and Staphylococcus aureus (STCC 239), with the highest inhibition observed against S. aureus (22.68 mm with POO at 48 h and 1 mol O₃). PCA analysis identified three groups: low ozone doses (0-0.08 mol O₃) associated with higher iodine values; intermediate doses (0.16-0.5 mol O₃) linked to increased peroxide, acidity, viscosity, and antimicrobial activity; while high doses (1 mol O₃) provided no further benefits, suggesting that moderate doses are sufficient for effective antimicrobial activity. These findings highlight the potential of ozonated olive oils for novel applications in the food industry.

PMID:40401333 | DOI:10.1111/1750-3841.70279

Andrology. 2025 May 22. doi: 10.1111/andr.70065. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Only approximately 30% of conceptions result in live births. Historically, research has predominantly focused on maternal factors impacting pregnancy success, despite the cause remaining unidentified in most cases. The influence of paternal factors on a couple’s likelihood of achieving a successful pregnancy is still not well understood and warrants further investigation.

OBJECTIVES: This study aims to examine the chance of biochemical pregnancy, clinical pregnancy, and a live-born child in couples where the male partner has ischemic heart disease.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: This nationwide cohort study based on Danish health registries included couples undergoing in vitro fertilization with or without intracytoplasmic sperm injection from 2006 to 2019. The cohort was divided into two groups: exposed and unexposed. The exposed cohort included embryo transfers in couples where the male partner had ischemic heart disease, while the unexposed group included those where the male partner did not have this condition.

RESULTS: A total of 101,875 couples with a known male partner were included. Among these, 653 couples were included in the exposed cohort and 101,222 were included in the unexposed cohort. The adjusted odd ratios (ORs) for a biochemical pregnancy, clinical pregnancy, and live-born child were 0.99 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.79; 1.23), 0.79 (95% CI: 0.51, 1.23), and 0.94 (95% CI: 0.62, 1.44), respectively.

CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate that paternal ischemic heart disease prior to oocyte retrieval is not associated with a statistically significant decrease in the chances of biochemical pregnancy, clinical pregnancy, or live birth.

PMID:40401311 | DOI:10.1111/andr.70065

Innov Pharm. 2025 Jan 15;15(4). doi: 10.24926/iip.v15i4.6459. eCollection 2024.

ABSTRACT

Background: Although the FDA approved acetaminophen toxicity dosing regimen for intravenous n-acetylcysteine (NAC) is a three-bag regimen, alternate regimens have been published which are generally simpler, and decrease errors and adverse effects. It is not clear how pervasive alternative regimens are used in hospitals in the US and reasons for a change from the FDA regimen. Objective: Characterize practice patterns for treating acetaminophen toxicity. Methods: A pilot-tested, electronic survey containing demographic and practice pattern questions for acetaminophen toxicity management was sent to residency program directors. The survey was open for 4 weeks with several reminder e-mails sent to non-responders. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the data. Results: There were 119 responses (9.2% response rate). Responses were representative of all geographic areas in the US and were most commonly from community hospitals (67.2%) and those with 300 or more beds (72.2%). Nearly two-thirds used the FDA approved NAC regimen, whereas others used an alternate regimen. Reasons for making the change were for simplicity, to decrease errors or adverse events, or based on local poison center recommendations. More than one-third of respondents reported not using a maximum dosing weight. Conclusions: N-acetylcysteine is usually administered intravenously using the FDA approved regimen for acetaminophen toxicity. The weight for dosing was commonly capped at 100 kg, but some institutions did not use a maximum. Alternative intravenous regimens have been implemented at some institutions with the impetus for change being safety and simplicity.

PMID:40401298 | PMC:PMC12090092 | DOI:10.24926/iip.v15i4.6459

Innov Pharm. 2025 Jan 14;15(4). doi: 10.24926/iip.v15i4.6435. eCollection 2024.

ABSTRACT

Background: Our student-run free clinic (SRFC) treats uninsured patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) in a medically underserved region. Mississippi has the second highest diabetes prevalence in the nation. Increasing access for patients with diabetes to affordable medication is challenging. Some studies provide encouraging results for lowering hemoglobin A1C and increasing medication adherence through patient assistance programs (PAP). None have examined a student-run PAP committee’s impact on diabetes outcomes. Objective: To compare A1C levels for patients with diabetes enrolled in PAPs by our committee with those not enrolled and to describe clinical outcomes. Methods: A retrospective review of patients with T2D at our SRFC between 2015 and 2023 was performed. The primary outcome was change in A1C within a 4-9 month follow-up window. Secondary outcomes were emergency department (ED) visits and hospital admissions. Results: Twenty-five patients with T2D were enrolled in PAPs, while 77 were not. The PAP group had a higher baseline A1C (10.9% vs. 8.7%). The difference in A1C between groups was not statistically significant (P=0.68), even with adjustment for covariates (P=0.59). ED visit and hospital admission frequency was similar between groups. Neuropathy was the most common diabetic complication. ED visits and hospital admissions for heart attacks occurred only in the non-PAP group. Conclusion: While patients enrolled in PAPs showed a greater average reduction in A1C, the difference was not statistically significant. The higher baseline A1C in the PAP group carries greater reduction potential. A prospective study is necessary to better evaluate PAP enrollment outcomes for uninsured patients with diabetes.

PMID:40401297 | PMC:PMC12090084 | DOI:10.24926/iip.v15i4.6435