Tag: nevin manimala

PLoS One. 2025 May 20;20(5):e0310474. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0310474. eCollection 2025.

ABSTRACT

Seasonal influenza vaccination is crucial for preventing influenza and its complications. Data from the United States Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) indicate a higher proportion of adverse events (AEs) after influenza vaccination in hypertensive people. However, there is limited evidence on AEs in hypertensive people following seasonal influenza vaccination. We identified 4647 individuals aged 18 years or older with a history of hypertension who received seasonal influenza vaccination and 6380 seasonal influenza-vaccine-induced AEs between 1 January 2013 and 23 June 2023 from VAERS. We identified two groups for comparison: recovery and no recovery from seasonal influenza-vaccine-induced AEs. Propensity score matching (PSM) was performed to adjust for potential confounding factors, including demographic characteristics (age, sex, and region) and season of onset. Cox regression analysis was used to calculate the risk ratio of reported adverse events (AEs) that affected recovery after seasonal influenza vaccination. Most AEs were nonserious and occurred within 48 hours. The most common AEs were general disorders and administration site conditions (therapeutic and non-therapeutic responses, inflammation) and musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders (musculoskeletal and connective tissue pain and discomfort, bursal disorders, joint-related signs, and symptoms). All three types of seasonal influenza vaccines were associated with injection site reactions (47.07% trivalent influenza vaccine [TIA], hazard ratio, HR 2.04, 95% confidence interval, CI 1.22-3.40; 20.00% quadrivalent influenza vaccine [QIA], HR 2.81, 95% CI, 1.81-4.37; 67.48% influenza vaccine, unknown manufacturer [FLUX], HR 2.83, 95% CI, 1.12-7.15) and were the AEs affecting the largest proportion of delayed recoveries in the hypertensive population. Potential AEs following seasonal influenza vaccination may affect the recovery of the hypertensive population. The majority of AEs reported were general disorders, predominantly injection site reactions, and nonserious.

PMID:40392910 | DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0310474

PLoS One. 2025 May 20;20(5):e0320045. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0320045. eCollection 2025.

ABSTRACT

An extension of two finite trigonometric series is studied to derive closed form formulae involving the Hurwitz-Lerch zeta function. The trigonometric series involves angles with a geometric series involving the powers of 3. These closed formulae are used to derive composite finite and infinite series involving special functions, trigonometric functions and fundamental constants. A short table summarizing some interesting results is produced.

PMID:40392903 | DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0320045

PLoS One. 2025 May 20;20(5):e0322325. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0322325. eCollection 2025.

ABSTRACT

Missing teeth is a prevalent dental health problem that can lead to several unfavorable consequences, including dental caries, periodontal disease, bone deterioration, jaw disorders, malocclusion, and irregular teeth alignment. This Study aims to assess awareness of the consequences of missing teeth in the Qassim region, Saudi Arabia. A cross-section study was conducted, including 216 Saudi adults from Qassim, while children were excluded. Data were collected using an online questionnaire, which consisted of two parts: the first part gathered participants’ demographic data, and the second part included questions assessing their awareness level regarding teeth loss. Descriptive statistical analysis, bivariate chi-square test, and multivariate logistic regression analysis were performed using SAS OnDemand for academics. Among the 216 participants, 129 (59.7%) were females and 69 (31.9%) were between the ages of 26 and 35. The study revealed that 60.2% of participants were knowledgeable about treatment options for missing teeth. However, a lack of knowledge regarding available treatment options was significantly associated with age (P-value < .0001), education level (P-value 0.0336), and income level (P-value 0.0037). In this study, only 62.5% of participants reported being aware of the consequences of missing teeth. A significant number of the participants lacked awareness of these consequences, with the highest percentage of unawareness observed among the uneducated. Hence, educating patients about the complications of not replacing missing teeth is crucial, as it can improve their attitude toward treatment and enhance their quality of life.

PMID:40392894 | DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0322325

PLoS One. 2025 May 20;20(5):e0323419. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0323419. eCollection 2025.

ABSTRACT

Sugammadex is a cyclodextrin used to reverse neuromuscular block with amino-steroid nondepolarizing muscle relaxants, rocuronium and vecuronium. Sugammadex-induced bradycardia was recently demonstrated in a single-blind, placebo-controlled study in patients receiving rocuronium for neuromuscular block. It has also been hypothesized that the bradycardia and rare instances of cardiac arrest occurring after the use of sugammadex may be due to a transient decrease in circulating corticosteroids, causing a temporary ‘mini Addisonian crisis.’ It was proposed that the administration of corticosteroids such as dexamethasone for post-operative nausea and vomiting (PONV) management might offer prophylaxis against these adverse occurrences. The study database was queried from a prospective study on sugammadex-related bradycardia, which was approved by the Human Studies Review Board and exempt from patient consent requirements. Patients were grouped into those that had or had not received dexamethasone as prophylaxis for PONV prior to the administration of sugammadex, and heart rate changes were evaluated 5 minutes after sugammadex administration. A total of 103 subjects were evaluated, of whom 38 received intravenous dexamethasone (either 4 mg, 8 mg, or 10 mg) during their anesthetic course and 65 patients had not received dexamethasone. The average heart rate (HR) slowing (3.2 bpm ± 3.9 in the control group, 3.7 bpm ± 3.8 in the dexamethasone group), and maximal HR slowing (5.0 bpm ± 3.9 in the control group, 5.0 bpm ± 3.8 in the dexamethasone group) over the five minutes following sugammadex administration were not significant between groups (average HR slowing p = 0.553, maximal HR slowing p = 0.988). These results potentially negate the proposed theory, or it may be that corticosteroids with more mineralocorticoid activity such as fludrocortisone or hydrocortisone are required to prevent this effect. Larger studies or prospective trials evaluating this effect with cortisol concentration measurement are needed to further evaluate the hypothesis.

PMID:40392892 | DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0323419

J Laryngol Otol. 2025 Mar;139(3):227-236. doi: 10.1017/S0022215121003625.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Nasal septal perforations are defects of the septum. Symptomatic patients failing conservative measures may be considered for surgery; however, the surgery is challenging. This study describes a technique involving mucosal advancement flaps and autologous or acellular porcine interposition grafts and assessed the long-term closure rate and symptom control.

METHOD: This study looked at patients with symptomatic septal perforations who underwent surgery between 2005 and 2017. Symptoms were assessed pre- and post-operatively using a visual analogue scale. A literature search was performed for septal perforation repair techniques and outcomes.

RESULTS: A total of 95 per cent of patients had complete closure of their septal perforations, 90 per cent had complete symptom control. There were statistically significant differences between the pre- and post-operative mean visual analogue scale score for epistaxis (p < 0.001), crusting (p < 0.001), whistling (p < 0.001) and nasal obstruction (p < 0.001).

CONCLUSION: Surgical closure of nasal septal perforations with mucosal advancement flaps and an interposition graft is a reliable technique with excellent long-term outcomes.

PMID:40391559 | DOI:10.1017/S0022215121003625

Ophthalmic Physiol Opt. 2025 May 20. doi: 10.1111/opo.13529. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: This study aimed to evaluate the impact of refractive errors on functional vision and eye-related quality of life (QoL) in a cohort of African children, using the Pediatric Eye Questionnaire (PedEyeQ).

METHODS: A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted involving 169 children aged 5-17 years (97 with refractive errors and 72 visually normal controls) and their parents/guardians. Refractive errors were classified based on cycloplegic refraction. The PedEyeQ was administered through interviewer-assisted sessions to assess functional vision and psychosocial well-being across child, proxy and parent-reported domains. Statistical analyses were conducted using Mann-Whitney U-tests for group comparisons and Kruskal-Wallis tests for subgroup analyses, with Bonferroni corrections applied for multiple comparisons.

RESULTS: Children with refractive errors had significantly lower PedEyeQ scores across all domains compared with controls (p < 0.01). Among refractive error types, astigmatism showed the most pronounced deficits in functional vision and psychosocial well-being. For children aged 5-11 years, median functional vision scores were 50 (43.7-70.0) for refractive error versus 90 (67.5-95.0) for the controls. Similarly, for children aged 12-17 years, the respective scores were 65 (45.0-75.0) and 90 (75.0-95.0). Proxy and parent-reported domains demonstrated similar findings, highlighting substantial impacts on family QoL and parental concerns.

CONCLUSION: Refractive errors, particularly astigmatism, impair functional vision and eye-related QoL severely in African children and their families, suggesting a need for early detection and correction to improve outcomes for these children.

PMID:40391550 | DOI:10.1111/opo.13529

Int J Epidemiol. 2025 Apr 12;54(3):dyaf046. doi: 10.1093/ije/dyaf046.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Maternal pre-pregnancy diabetes is associated with a higher risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. Few large, cohort studies have assessed associations with a wide large range of causes of infant death.

METHODS: This retrospective cohort study included all singleton live births to women aged 18-49 years in the US National Vital Statistics System from 2011 to 2020. Multivariable Poisson regression models were used to estimate adjusted relative risks (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for all-cause and cause-specific infant mortality.

RESULTS: Of 34 918 803 pregnant women with singleton live births, 302 823 had pre-pregnancy diabetes with 3585 corresponding infant deaths [estimated mortality rate per 10 000 infants with 95% CI was 78.60 (75.96-81.25)] compared with 34 615 980 without pre-pregnancy diabetes and 171 989 corresponding infant deaths [42.63 (42.41-42.86)]. The adjusted RR (95% CI) of pre-pregnancy diabetes compared with no pre-pregnancy diabetes was 1.84 (1.78-1.91) for infant death, 1.89 (1.81-1.97) for neonatal death, 1.85 (1.77-1.94) for early neonatal death, 2.04 (1.87-2.23) for late neonatal death, and 1.75 (1.65-1.86) for postneonatal deaths. The association was stronger (RR: 2.03, 95% CI: 1.88-2.20) with lower maternal age (<25 years) than with higher maternal age (≥40 years) (RR: 1.44, 95% CI: 1.28-1.63). Associations varied across maternal race, smoking, and body mass index. Significantly increased risk was observed for 48 out of 73 specific causes of death.

CONCLUSION: Our findings confirm that maternal pre-pregnancy diabetes is an important risk factor for infant death, encompassing a wide range of causes of death, and suggest that these effects may be systemic given the large number of specific causes of death affected.

PMID:40391520 | DOI:10.1093/ije/dyaf046

Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2025 May 20:e70086. doi: 10.1111/nmo.70086. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Dysphagia and reflux are frequently experienced by individuals with hiatus hernia (HH), but the underlying mechanisms are not fully defined in radiological or manometric studies. This study explores the impact of HH on propulsive esophageal peristalsis and investigates the biomechanical underpinnings of HH-concurrent-related dysphagia in affected individuals.

METHODS: High-resolution manometry with impedance (HRM-I) studies compared the biomechanics of 195 gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) patients (excluding large HH and motility disorders) and 20 normal healthy volunteers. Assessments included dysphagia severity, esophageal pH monitoring, and HRM-I with 5-mL liquid and viscous swallows. Bolus distension pressures during bolus transport and esophageal emptying parameters were assessed in conjunction with standard pressure topography metrics. Data grouped by EGJ morphology type were analyzed by a mixed-effects statistical model.

KEY RESULTS: Patients with unequivocal HH exhibited altered bolus transport through the mid-distal esophageal body, indicated by increased intrabolus distension pressure during bolus transport (p < 0.01 for liquid and viscous swallows) and shorter bolus flow time through the EGJ (p ≤ 0.005 for liquid and viscous swallows). Increased HH size during swallows also correlated with increased intrabolus distension pressure (liquid r 0.243, p < 0.001) and shorter EGJ flow time (liquid r – 0.191, p < 0.005). Patients with confirmed GERD without HH showed a different pattern of altered bolus transport in the more proximal esophagus.

CONCLUSION: In the presence of a HH, esophageal biomechanics are altered, with elevated bolus distension pressure revealing resistance to bolus transport occurring in the mid-lower esophageal body for liquid and viscous boluses, contributing to dysphagia symptoms.

PMID:40391512 | DOI:10.1111/nmo.70086

Climacteric. 2025 May 20:1-6. doi: 10.1080/13697137.2025.2496692. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Obesity is a known risk factor for the development of cardiometabolic diseases (CMD) globally. The study focus was finding the best predictor of CMD among the four anthropometric indices of obesity studied: body mass index (BMI), waist to hip ratio (WHR), waist to height ratio (WHtR) and visceral adiposity index (VAI).

METHOD: A total of 310 postmenopausal women participated in the study. Sociodemographic data, anthropometric measurements, serum high-density lipoprotein and serum triglycerides were taken for all participants. The receiver operating characteristic curve was used to detect the valid cut-off point for the VAI.

RESULTS: The VAI cut-off point for diagnosing visceral adiposity dysfunction (VAD) in the study was >1.92. The prevalence of peripheral obesity in the study was 18.1%, while that of truncal obesity was 76.5% using the WHR and 81.9% using the WHtR. The prevalence of CMD in the study was 51.6% while that for VAD was 60.3%. The WHtR (p = 0.041) and the VAI (p < 0.001) had statistically significant associations with the presence of CMD among the participants but only the VAI was found to be a significant predictor of CMD.

CONCLUSION: We recommend use of the VAI for CMD screening among postmenopausal women.

PMID:40391498 | DOI:10.1080/13697137.2025.2496692

Headache. 2025 May 20. doi: 10.1111/head.14951. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different types and combinations of exercise on migraine attacks and accompanying comorbidities.

BACKGROUND: Combining aerobic and resistance exercises may yield more significant improvements in patients with migraine.

METHODS: This parallel-group randomized controlled study included 24 participants, who were then divided equally into three groups: an aerobic exercise group, a combined exercise group (aerobic and resistance exercises), and a control group. It was conducted at Ege University Hospital between September 2022 and March 2024. Following a 1-month baseline headache diary period, both intervention groups participated in the same aerobic exercises 3 days a week for 12 weeks. The combined exercise group performed five resistance exercises targeting the neck, upper back, and shoulder muscles alongside the aerobic exercises 3 days a week for 12 weeks. Measurements were taken at baseline, after the 3-month intervention period, and after a 2-month follow-up period. The primary outcome was the number of migraine headache days per month. Secondary outcomes included anxiety and depression levels, aerobic capacity, physical activity status, and migraine-related quality of life.

RESULTS: The number of migraine days per month significantly decreased in both the aerobic and combined exercise groups during the post-intervention period, while no significant change was observed in the control group (p < 0.001 for aerobic and combined exercise groups, p = 0.166 for control group). Migraine headache frequency showed a statistically significant decrease in the combined exercise group compared to the aerobic exercise group (p = 0.027). Additionally, both exercise groups showed significant improvements in aerobic capacity (p < 0.001 for both) and physical activity levels (p < 0.001 and p = 0.001, respectively) post-intervention, which were not observed in the control group (p = 0.747 for aerobic capacity, p = 0.05 for physical activity levels). Although no significant effect on depression scores was observed in either exercise group, anxiety scores significantly decreased in the combined exercise group from pre- to post-intervention (p = 0.037). Significant improvements in migraine-related quality of life were observed in both intervention groups (p = 0.018 and p = 0.001, respectively), with no significant difference (p = 0.934). Neither significant change was observed in depression and anxiety scores nor migraine-related quality of life in the control group (p = 0.593, p = 0.438 and 0.081 respectively).

CONCLUSIONS: Aerobic and combined exercise groups showed a reduction in monthly migraine headache frequency without any side effects, with the reduction being statistically more significant in the combined exercise group.

PMID:40391488 | DOI:10.1111/head.14951