Tag: nevin manimala

Eur J Radiol. 2025 Oct 30;194:112484. doi: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2025.112484. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: Elevated liver iron concentration (LIC) promotes liver inflammation and fibrosis. LIC can be invasively measured in liver biopsies (Biopsy-LIC) but also non-invasively quantified by MRI. This study compared Biopsy-LIC to whole-liver MRI-LIC in chronic liver disease (CLD) patients using two relaxometry techniques: 3D multi-echo gradient echo processed with Liver-Lab (LL-LIC) and 2D multi-echo gradient echo processed with MRQuantif (MRQ-LIC).

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospectively, 64 CLD patients (35 females; mean age 50.9 ± 13.5 years) underwent both liver biopsy and 3 T MRI within a median interval of 19 (6-76) days. Two independent readers compared Biopsy-LIC with LL-LIC and MRQ-LIC. Group differences were assessed via regression models adjusted for age, gender, BMI, fat fraction, liver stiffness, and iron panel values. Statistical agreement between measurements was analyzed using Pearson correlation, ICC, and Bland-Altman methodology.

RESULTS: Mean Biopsy-LIC, LL-LIC, and MRQ-LIC were 0.73 ± 0.80, 0.93 ± 0.59, and 1.06 ± 0.54 mg /g, respectively. Biopsy-LIC strongly correlated with both LL-LIC (r = 0.83) and MRQ-LIC (r = 0.84). Correlation between LL-LIC and MRQ-LIC was even stronger (r = 0.95, p < 0.001). Agreement was excellent between LL-LIC and MRQ-LIC (ICC = 0.946, CI 0.912-0.967) and good between Biopsy-LIC and MR-LICs (ICC = 0.821-0.824). Median biases were -0.29 mg /g (Biopsy-LIC vs. LL-LIC), -0.43 mg /g (Biopsy-LIC vs. MRQ-LIC), and -0.14 mg /g (LL-LIC vs. MRQ-LIC).

CONCLUSION: In CLD patients, MRI-based LIC estimates showed strong correlation and excellent agreement with biopsy-derived LIC, regardless of MRI technique.

PMID:41176821 | DOI:10.1016/j.ejrad.2025.112484

Eur J Surg Oncol. 2025 Oct 30;52(1):111160. doi: 10.1016/j.ejso.2025.111160. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: By comparing with the actual Gleason score findings of whole-prostate organ sections, this study aimed to evaluate the consistency between the overall biopsy score, the highest biopsy score, and the score grouping of cases with an actual Gleason score 3 + 4 or 4 + 3.

PATIENTS AND METHODS: The present study adopted one hundred and twenty-four prostate cancer cases that were admitted to our center between January 2023 and January 2025. All cases underwent prostate biopsy at our center, and were subsequently diagnosed with prostate cancer. Radical prostatectomy was then carried out. Whole-prostate organ sections were prepared from the postoperative specimens, and the pathological reports indicated a Gleason score 3 + 4 or 4 + 3. The Gleason scores of all positive biopsy cores and the pre-biopsy prostate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings of the included cases were collected. The biopsy outcomes of these cases were scored using both the overall biopsy score and the highest biopsy score. These scores were then compared with the actual Gleason score to assess the consistency of the two different score approaches with the actual Gleason score. Subsequently, a further analysis was conducted to determine the impact of MRI results on the consistency between the two score methods and the actual Gleason score. Statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS 26 software package.

RESULT: Among the 124 enrolled cases, the concordance rate between the overall biopsy score and the actual Gleason score was 64.5 % (n = 80). Specifically, in the Gleason score 3 + 4 group, the concordance rate was 66.2 % (n = 51), and in the Gleason score 4 + 3 group, it was 61.7 % (n = 29). The concordance rate between the highest biopsy score and the actual Gleason score was 47.6 % (n = 59). Among them, in the Gleason score 3 + 4 group, the concordance rate was 49.4 % (n = 38), and in the Gleason score 4 + 3 group, it was 42.6 % (n = 21). A statistically significant difference was observed in the concordance rates between the two scoring methods and the actual Gleason score (64.5 % vs. 47.6 %, P < 0.05). Through the analysis of pre-biopsy MRI data, the results indicated that when the Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS) score ≥3, the concordance of both scoring methods with the actual Gleason score was significantly enhanced (P < 0.05). Furthermore, when the PI – RADS score≥ 3, the accuracy of the overall biopsy score remained superior to that of the highest biopsy score (71.6 % vs. 54.3 %, P < 0.05).

CONCLUSION: In cases with the actual Gleason score of 3 + 4 or 4 + 3, when both Gleason score 3 and Gleason score 4 components are concurrently detected in the needle biopsy results, the consistency between the overall biopsy score and the actual Gleason score is higher than that of the highest biopsy score. When magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) reveals well – defined target lesions, the consistency of both the overall biopsy score and the highest biopsy score with the actual Gleason score is significantly enhanced. Moreover, the overall biopsy score remains superior to the highest biopsy score.

PMID:41176817 | DOI:10.1016/j.ejso.2025.111160

Clin Nutr. 2025 Oct 24;55:3-10. doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2025.10.005. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Critically ill patients are believed to experience a dynamic progression of energy metabolism according to the severity and phase of the illness. Although optimizing nutrition and physical therapy to the metabolic profile is recommended for better outcomes, the mechanisms for disease-related metabolic changes remain unclear. This study aimed to elucidate key metabolites and pathways associated with time-course metabolic changes and clinical parameters in acute-phase critically ill patients using untargeted metabolomics.

METHODS: We conducted a single-center prospective case series study on critically ill adults expected to require mechanical ventilation for at least 7 days in our intensive care unit. Data collection was started within 48 h of ICU admission, and daily serum samples from day 1 to day 7 were collected. Untargeted metabolomics was performed using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. Statistical analyses included principal component analysis, (orthogonal) partial least squares discriminant analysis, and pathway analysis.

RESULTS: Ten patients were analyzed during the study period from July 2021 to September 2022. A total of 123 metabolites were annotated by untargeted metabolomics, with significant time-course changes in galactonic acid, ornithine, and l-arginine. Pathway analysis indicated alterations in the arginine biosynthesis pathway. A subgroup analysis showed distinct metabolic profiles for sepsis and non-sepsis patients, with creatine phosphate, uric acid, and creatinine being significant markers. In sepsis patients, metabolic changes strongly correlated with the sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score.

CONCLUSION: Using untargeted metabolomics, we annotated several metabolites and metabolic pathways strongly associated with time-course changes in the metabolic profile. In addition, it is suggested that nutritional therapy can be optimized according to specific pathophysiology.

PMID:41176813 | DOI:10.1016/j.clnu.2025.10.005

Clin Nutr. 2025 Oct 28;55:11-23. doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2025.10.009. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Recent advances in artificial intelligence, wearable biosensors, and multi-omics technologies, combined with interdisciplinary translational collaborations, are transforming the landscape of nutrition, particularly by enabling precision nutrition. We propose computational nutrition as an emerging interdisciplinary field that aims to address complex challenges in nutrition and health and drive paradigm shifts in nutrition research through computational methods in statistics and computer science (e.g., statistical modeling, simulation, causal inference, machine learning, and deep learning) and multi-modal data. Computational nutrition employs epidemiology and data science as its methodologies and integrates expertise from nutrition, food science, computer science, statistics, systems biology, and public health. The main research directions of computational nutrition are: 1) prediction of personalized metabolic responses to foods and establishment of individualized dietary reference intakes; 2) causal inference in nutrition and diseases and evaluation of individualized treatment effects of nutritional interventions; 3) precise and dynamic assessment and monitoring of diet-related disease risks; 4) simulation and evaluation of public health nutrition policies and sustainability assessment of dietary patterns. Critical challenges such as the reliability of wearable biosensors, trade-offs in feature selection, ethics of algorithms and health equity, and interpretability of algorithms are raised, which must be addressed to ensure human well-being and rights.

PMID:41176812 | DOI:10.1016/j.clnu.2025.10.009

Reprod Biol. 2025 Nov 1;26(1):101097. doi: 10.1016/j.repbio.2025.101097. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Animal cloning remains inefficient, with live birth rates below 5 % in most mammalian species, slightly higher in bovines (20-25 %). Among various factors, nuclear donor cells play crucial roles, and their passage numbers may influence cloning efficiency. However, a definitive association between passage numbers and outcomes in cloning remains inconclusive due to insufficient data and inconsistent results. In the present meta-analytical study, we compared research using high (>6) and low (≤6) cell passage numbers across various types, breeds, and sexes of donor cells to assess their impact on embryo development and associated gene expressions in bovine clones. Our findings revealed that cell passaging influences developmental competence at the cleavage and blastocyst rates, with lower passage numbers yielding better results. Higher acetylation of H3K9 in low-passage cells is consistently associated with improved developmental competence through the blastocyst stage, although the difference was not statistically significant. Donor cells with higher histone acetylation may undergo reprogramming more easily and completely, thus improving cloning efficiency. Further analysis elucidated that the types and breeds of donor cells also affected the blastocyst outcome. Nevertheless, high heterogeneity and meta-bias were identified in the meta-analytical outcomes, particularly in cleavage, 2-cell, 8-cell, blastocyst, the total cell number (TCN), the ratio of inner cell mass and total cell number (ICM/TCN), NANOG, and birth rate, which may contribute to inconsistencies in embryo quality results and hinder comparisons between development-related gene expressions and the embryo transfer outcome.

PMID:41176811 | DOI:10.1016/j.repbio.2025.101097

Sleep Med. 2025 Oct 31;137:106889. doi: 10.1016/j.sleep.2025.106889. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

This study conducted a narrative review of Iranian Traditional Medicine (ITM) texts to identify recommendations related to sleep hygiene. The review analyzed the available literature and compared ITM practices to contemporary scientific understanding. Findings indicate a partial alignment between traditional and modern medical perspectives, with recommendations for a comfortable sleep environment, consistent sleep schedules, and adequate sleep duration. However, several ITM concepts, including the four humors, the effects of clothing on health, specific sleep positions, and the use of opium for insomnia, lack scientific evidence. Statistically, the present study revealed that only 31.4 % of the ITM sleep hygiene recommendations aligned with contemporary scientific findings. Conversely, 27.5 % of these recommendations directly contradicted current scientific research. The remaining 41.1 % required further investigation, as no conclusive scientific evidence was found to support or refute them. These findings suggest a need for additional clinical trials to definitively assess the scientific validity of these traditional practices.

PMID:41176809 | DOI:10.1016/j.sleep.2025.106889

Biochemistry (Mosc). 2025 Oct;90(10):1366-1375. doi: 10.1134/S0006297925601881.

ABSTRACT

This study investigated permeability of the apical and basolateral membranes of rat corneal endothelial cells to water and urea. We demonstrated that the apparent water permeability of the basolateral membrane of endothelial cells (4.43E-05 ± 7.57E-07 cm/s) is more than three times higher than that of the apical membrane (1.21E-05 ± 1.03E-07 cm/s). Permeability of the basolateral membrane to urea (1.23E-04 ± 1.56E-06 cm/s) was statistically significantly higher than that of the apical membrane (9.52E-05 ± 1.02E-06 cm/s) by approximately 30%. We examined contribution of the phloretin-inhibited urea transport across the apical and basolateral membranes in these cells. Phloretin at concentration of 0.1 mM significantly reduced urea permeability by more than 20% through both the apical and basolateral membranes. The results suggest that the compositions of transporters involved in water transport in the apical and basolateral membranes differ significantly. It is hypothesized that high apparent water permeability of the basolateral membrane of endothelial cells is due to contribution of the concomitant water transport with ions involved in active transport processes. Presence of the phloretin-sensitive urea transporters in the plasma membrane of endothelial cells, likely involved in its transcellular transport, has been demonstrated. The results indicate potential significance of urea for corneal function.

PMID:41176795 | DOI:10.1134/S0006297925601881

J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab. 2025 Nov 3. doi: 10.1515/jpem-2025-0443. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Studies investigating the underlying genetic profile in pediatric patients diagnosed with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) are quite limited. This study aimed to identify genetic alterations in patients diagnosed with DTC. A total of 20 patients with confirmed DTC were included in the study; however, five were excluded due to the unavailability of thyroid tumor samples. Somatic mutation analysis of the DICER1, BRAF, KRAS, NRAS, and HRAS genes was performed using next-generation sequencing. In addition, gene fusions involving ALK, RET, PTC, ETV6, and NTRK3 were assessed using fluorescence in situ hybridization. A family screening was also conducted, and thyroid ultrasonography was performed. Fine-needle aspiration biopsy was carried out for family members when deemed necessary. The mean age at diagnosis was 14.42 ± 2.88 years. Somatic mutations were identified in nine patients (60 %). The detected mutations were as follows: RET/PTC fusion (n=3), BRAF V600E (n=2), NRAS Q61R (n=1), NRAS A59D (n=1), DICER1 E1705K (n=1), and ETV6/NTRK3 fusion (n=1). No statistically significant differences in prognostic factors were observed between patients with and without somatic mutations. As part of the family screening, suspicious thyroid nodules were detected in four parents. One parent underwent hemithyroidectomy, and final pathology revealed papillary thyroid carcinoma. Considering the limited number of similar studies on childhood thyroid cancer, these findings provide a valuable contribution to the existing literature. In particular, the results obtained from family screening may support advancements in early diagnosis, risk stratification, and the development of targeted therapeutic approaches.

PMID:41176785 | DOI:10.1515/jpem-2025-0443

Ecol Lett. 2025 Nov;28(11):e70248. doi: 10.1111/ele.70248.

ABSTRACT

Biodiversity change forecasts rely on long-term time series, but such data are often scarce in space and time. Here, we interpolated spatiotemporal changes in species richness using a new method based on machine learning that does not require temporal replication at sites. Using 698,692 one-time sampled vegetation plots, we estimated trends in vascular plant alpha diversity across Europe and validated our approach against 22,852 independent time series. We found an overall near-zero net change in species richness between 1960 and 2020. However, species richness generally declined from 1960 to 1980 and increased from 2000 to 2020 across habitats. Declines were most pronounced in forests, but trends varied across habitats and regions, with overall increases at higher latitudes and elevations, and declines or stable trends elsewhere. Our findings demonstrate how data without temporal replication can be used to reveal context-dependent biodiversity dynamics, underscoring their importance for conservation and management.

PMID:41176772 | DOI:10.1111/ele.70248

Ecol Lett. 2025 Nov;28(11):e70245. doi: 10.1111/ele.70245.

ABSTRACT

Understanding variation in home range size (HR) provides important insights into the underlying ecological processes driving space use. However, it remains unclear whether the interspecific allometric scaling of mammals’ HR can also be consistently observed within species and for both sexes. To address this knowledge gap, we GPS-tracked 349 resident individuals across Brazil, encompassing 18 mammal species. We estimated individuals’ HR and modelled intraspecific variation in HR against body mass (BM) and sex. While males showed a positive allometric scaling similar to interspecific findings reported in the literature (exponent = 1.23), females’ BM had no statistically discernible relationship with HR. We suggest that males have greater energetic and evolutionary incentives to expand their HR with increasing BM, and more physical capacity to do so. Traditional studies on HR scaling that disregard individual sex may, in reality, reflect an average of two distinct patterns, while failing to accurately represent either one.

PMID:41176762 | DOI:10.1111/ele.70245