Tag: nevin manimala

J Oral Rehabil. 2025 May 19. doi: 10.1111/joor.14011. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Several studies have examined the impact of tooth loss on nutrient intake, yielding mixed results.

OBJECTIVES: This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the association among the number of teeth present, nutrient intake and food group consumption in Japanese adults with no history of the four major diseases (diabetes, cancer, heart disease and stroke).

METHODS: Data were obtained from the baseline survey of the Japan Multi-Institutional Collaborative Cohort study conducted in the Shizuoka and Daiko areas. Participants completed a self-administered questionnaire on their number of teeth, medical history (diabetes, cancer, heart disease and stroke), education level, employment status and lifestyle factors, such as diet, smoking history and exercise habits. The number of teeth was classified into four groups: 0 teeth, 1-19 teeth, 20-27 teeth and 28-32 teeth.

RESULTS: A total of 8912 individuals included in the analysis had a mean age ± SD of 51.7 ± 9.5 years, with women accounting for 53.6% of the total. In adult men, the number of teeth was negatively associated with the intake of vitamin D, n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acid intake and seafood, while in women, bread consumption was positively associated with the number of teeth.

CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that the number of teeth is independently associated with poor nutritional status in Japanese adults with no history of the four major diseases.

PMID:40384543 | DOI:10.1111/joor.14011

Stat Med. 2025 May;44(10-12):e70125. doi: 10.1002/sim.70125.

ABSTRACT

Given the rising complexity and burden of multimorbidity, it is crucial to provide evidence-based support for managing multimorbidity-related clinical outcomes. This study introduces a dynamic network approach to investigate conditional and time-varying interconnections in disease-specific clinical outcomes. Our method effectively tackles the issue of zero inflation, a frequent challenge in medical data that complicates traditional modeling techniques. The theoretical foundations of the proposed approach are rigorously developed and validated through extensive simulations. Using Taiwan’s health administrative claims data from 2000 to 2013, we construct 14 yearly networks that are temporally correlated, featuring 125 nodes that represent different disease conditions. Key network properties, such as connectivity, module, and temporal variation are analyzed. To demonstrate how these networks can inform multimorbidity management, we focus on breast cancer and analyze the relevant network structures. The findings provide valuable clinical insights that enhance the current understanding of multimorbidity. The proposed methods offer promising applications in shaping treatment strategies, optimizing health resource allocation, and informing health policy development in the context of multimorbidity management.

PMID:40384542 | DOI:10.1002/sim.70125

ANZ J Surg. 2025 May 19. doi: 10.1111/ans.70184. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Limited knowledge exists on how post-graduate surgical coursework programs impact surgical research outputs in Australia. This study evaluated the impact of university-based teaching in research methods and supervisor characteristics on research quality and short-term research output for students undertaking the Master of Surgery (MS) post-graduate coursework degree within Australia.

METHODS: A retrospective cohort analysis of students enrolled in the dissertation for The University of Sydney MS program between 2010 and 2020. Grades for the dissertation and research subjects were extracted from the central university analytics. PubMed and Web of Science were used to determine if the dissertation was published and identify other publications by the students. A Google search was completed to identify supervisor characteristics. Statistical analysis involved logistic regression, multiple linear regression and negative binomial regression.

RESULTS: Three hundred and seventy-nine students were included in this study. Fifty-three percent of the students had an associated publication from their dissertation at a median of 18 months post-enrolment and a median journal impact factor of 2.19. Students averaged 2.1 additional publications (range 0-30) 2 years post-dissertation completion. Students with a distinction/high distinction grade in the dissertation subject or ≥ three journal publications prior were significantly more likely to publish their dissertation (OR 2.26, 95% CI = 1.42-3.61, p < 0.001; OR 3.35, 95% CI = 1.90-5.92, p < 0.001 respectively). Students who received a distinction/high distinction in the research methods subject had 64% more first-author publications within 2 years of finishing the dissertation (95% CI = 1.20-2.23, p = 0.002).

CONCLUSION: Engagement in structured teaching in research methods and prior research experience significantly improve short-term research output amongst early surgical researchers.

PMID:40384532 | DOI:10.1111/ans.70184

Int J Occup Saf Ergon. 2025 May 19:1-8. doi: 10.1080/10803548.2025.2499312. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Objective. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of enhanced physiologic tremor (EPT) among health personnel and identify common risk factors associated with this condition. Methods. The cross-sectional study was conducted at Benha University Hospital. A total of 535 healthcare professionals (HCPs) were involved in the final analysis. Neurological examinations were conducted under the supervision of the neurology department. Participants were considered to have a tremor according to the Consensus Statement criteria for the diagnosis of tremors. The generalized anxiety disorder assessment, the caffeine consumption questionnaire and the international physical activity questionnaire short-form were used to evaluate anxiety, daily caffeine consumption and physical activity levels, respectively. Results. The prevalence of EPT among HCPs was 5.42%. There was a statistically significant association between EPT and anxiety, smoking, caffeine consumption, sleep deprivation, past psychiatric history, regular exercising, and drug and substance usage. Conclusion. This study identified a high prevalence of EPT among HCPs. Factors associated with EPT include age, sleep deprivation, smoking, caffeine consumption, anxiety and psychiatric history. The findings highlight the need for mental health interventions to mitigate the EPT impact. Addressing stress and promoting well-being among HCPs is crucial for improving their work environment and performance.

PMID:40384531 | DOI:10.1080/10803548.2025.2499312

J Sports Sci. 2025 May 19:1-15. doi: 10.1080/02640414.2025.2502894. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

The study compares three methods of evaluating semi-tethered performance in front crawl swimming using different velocity extraction techniques. Thirty Level 4 swimmers (17 males, 13 females) completed three protocols: Absolute (5 × 25 m, 1-9 kg for males; 1-5 kg for females), Modified (3 × 10 m, 1, 5, 9 kg for males; 1, 3, 5 kg for females) and Velocity-Restricted (device limited to 1 m/s), across three testing sessions, 7 days apart. Absolute and Modified protocols generated load-velocity (LV) and force-velocity (FV) profiles, while Velocity-Restricted produced an FV profile to determine maximal velocity (LV-V₀, FV-V₀), absolute and relative load/force (L₀, F₀, rL₀, rF₀) and slope (S_LV, S_FV). Reliability estimates for the Absolute method: ICC 0.74-0.83, CV% 2.4-9.0% for males; ICC 0.57-0.87, CV% 2.4-11.6% for females. Modified: ICC 0.51-0.85, CV% 2.8-13.7% for males; ICC 0.16-0.80, CV% 2.9-17.1% for females. Velocity-Restricted: ICC 0.50-0.84, CV% 2.6-8.5% for males; ICC 0.10-0.55, CV% 4.2-21.7% for females. FV-V₀ was significantly higher than LV-V₀ (p < 0.001), showing LV and FV outputs are not interchangeable. No statistical differences between Absolute and Modified protocols suggest that the latter (5 m analysis) is a more time-efficient method. Differences in reliability highlight the need for sex-specific considerations when interpreting results.

PMID:40384530 | DOI:10.1080/02640414.2025.2502894

Stat Med. 2025 May;44(10-12):e70126. doi: 10.1002/sim.70126.

ABSTRACT

In clinical trials, principal stratification analysis is commonly employed to address the issue of truncation by death, where a subject dies before the outcome can be measured. However, in practice, many survivor outcomes may remain uncollected or be missing not at random, posing a challenge to standard principal stratification analysis. In this article, we explore the identification, estimation, and bounds of the average treatment effect within a subpopulation of individuals who would potentially survive under both treatment and control conditions. We show that the causal parameter of interest can be identified by introducing a proxy variable that affects the outcome only through the principal strata, while requiring that the treatment variable does not directly affect the missingness mechanism. Subsequently, we propose an approach for estimating causal parameters and derive nonparametric bounds in cases where identification assumptions are violated. We illustrate the performance of the proposed method through simulation studies and a real dataset obtained from a human immunodeficiency virus study.

PMID:40384521 | DOI:10.1002/sim.70126

Pharmacol Res Perspect. 2025 Jun;13(3):e70122. doi: 10.1002/prp2.70122.

ABSTRACT

Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of mortality worldwide, with dyslipidemia as a major modifiable risk factor. This study aimed to assess 25-year trends in lipid-lowering agent consumption in Croatia from 2000 to 2023. We conducted a population-based analysis using IMS and IQVIA databases, calculating drug utilization in defined daily doses per 1000 inhabitants per day (DDD/1000) and evaluating financial expenditures and prescribing patterns. Over the study period, total lipid-lowering drug consumption increased more than 30-fold, from 4.91 DDD/1000 in 2000 to 152.56 DDD/1000 in 2023. Statins, particularly atorvastatin and rosuvastatin, drove this trend, while the uptake of PCSK9 inhibitors and ezetimibe reflected an evolving therapeutic landscape. Financial expenditures peaked in 2010, declined until 2015, and rose again by 2023, with average drug prices per DDD decreasing significantly. The observed increase in lipid-lowering therapy correlated with enhanced adherence to international guidelines and expanded patient access. However, administrative barriers and restrictive reimbursement policies continue to limit optimal utilization of newer agents. These findings underscore the importance of evidence-based policy development to address clinical inertia and improve cardiovascular outcomes in Croatia.

PMID:40384513 | DOI:10.1002/prp2.70122

Obesity (Silver Spring). 2025 May 19. doi: 10.1002/oby.24300. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study is to identify whether the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP1R) gene variant rs6923761G→A has an influence on semaglutide response in individuals with severe obesity.

METHODS: From March 2023 to July 2024, we prospectively genotyped 112 patients treated with semaglutide 2.4 mg weekly. All patients had been treated over 4 months for grade 3 obesity (BMI ≥ 40 kg/m²).

RESULTS: The frequency of the rs6923761 AA variant was 9 out of 112 patients (8%), GA was 42 out of 112 (37.5%), and GG was 61 out of 112 (54.5%). The mean weight loss kinetics was 1.64% (SD 0.78%) per month in homozygotes of variant A in comparison with a mean weight loss of 1.04% (SD 0.79%) per month in carriers of at least one G variant (p = 0.03). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that rs6923761G→A and sex were independent predictors of weight loss. The rate of weight loss in women homozygous for the A allele was more than double that observed in men carrying the G allele: mean (SD) 1.89% (0.75%) per month versus 0.7% (0.7%) per month (p = 0.0009). No woman homozygous for the A allele was a nonresponder, compared with 56% (21 out of 37) of the men carrying the G allele.

CONCLUSIONS: The rs6923761G→A gene variant and sex profoundly affect weight loss in response to semaglutide in patients with severe obesity.

PMID:40384505 | DOI:10.1002/oby.24300

J Dent Educ. 2025 May 19:e13940. doi: 10.1002/jdd.13940. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSES: This study compared a chatbot with an expository interactive lecture as a tool for teaching pulpal and periapical diagnosis in undergraduate dental education.

METHODS: A chatbot and an expository interactive lecture were used to deliver the topic of pulpal and periapical diagnosis based on the American Association of Endodontics guidelines. A total of 24 second-year students in a 4-year undergraduate program were enrolled. An initial test (Test A) with 10 multiple-choice questions was applied to all students. Then, the students were randomly assigned to two different groups: Lecture (control) and Chatbot (experimental). The Lecture group attended an expository interactive lecture delivered by an endodontist. Simultaneously, in the Chatbot group, the chatbot was delivered to the students through the Telegram Messenger application. After 50 min, both groups were submitted to the same test (Test B). Subsequently, the Control group used the chatbot, while the Experimental group attended a lecture by the same faculty. After the split activity, all the students replied to a questionnaire with their perceptions regarding both activities. Statistical analysis was performed with the significance level set at 5%.

RESULTS: Twenty-two students replied to the questions. Both Lecture and Chatbot groups showed significant grade improvement (Lecture: from 6.18 ± 2.08 to 8.45 ± 1.28; Chatbot: from 5.55 ± 1.63 to 7.91 ± 1.58). No difference in the initial and final average grades was detected between the groups. Overall, the chatbot was considered more fun and simpler while the lecture was preferred for understanding (p < 0.05). Chatbot was rated 4.95/5 for ease of use.

CONCLUSIONS: The chatbot was as effective as an interactive lecture in delivering the basic content of pulpal and periapical diagnosis. The students’ perception was that the chatbot was simpler and more fun than the lecture; however, the interactive lecture is a better tool to fully understand the topic. The professor is irreplaceable when discussing the content.

PMID:40384501 | DOI:10.1002/jdd.13940

JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2025 May 19. doi: 10.1002/jpen.2771. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: In response to coronavirus disease 19, healthcare organizations made dramatic and immediate shifts from in-person office to telehealth visits to provide care to patients while adhering to social distancing restrictions. The objective of this study was to test the efficacy of virtual visits compared with “brick and mortar” (in-person visits) for patients receiving home parenteral nutrition for clinical outcomes of the incidence of catheter complications and 30-day readmissions.

METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was conducted between January 2020 and December 2020 on eligible patients managed by the Cleveland Clinic Home Nutrition Support and the Center Gut Rehabilitation and Transplant teams. Those receiving home parenteral nutrition who were seen in a follow-up clinic appointment were included.

RESULTS: Of 189 patients studied, 103 had in-person visits and 86 had virtual visits. A total of 7.9% (n = 15) of patients had catheter complications. Virtual visits demonstrated statistical noninferiority of the incidence of catheter-related complications when compared with in-person visits (90% CI, -0.051 to 0.106; margin <0.1). Readmission incidence for in-person visits was 8.5% (n = 16) and 6.3% (n = 12) for virtual visits. Virtual visits demonstrated statistical noninferiority to in-person visits for incidence of readmissions after the visit (90% CI, -0.094 to 0.106; margin <0.1).

CONCLUSION: Virtual visits demonstrate noninferiority to in-person visits based on the incidence of catheter complications and readmission rates. New evaluation techniques need to be developed for this high-risk populations in virtual visits to establish effective and safe patient management.

PMID:40384499 | DOI:10.1002/jpen.2771