Tag: nevin manimala

Lasers Med Sci. 2025 May 10;40(1):219. doi: 10.1007/s10103-025-04470-3.

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this research was to evaluate the impact of an 810 nm high-power diode laser on decontaminating both surface and intradentinal biofilm, as well as removing the smear layer. Forty human mandibular premolars were contaminated with a biofilm composed of Enterococcus faecalis and Streptococcus mutans. The teeth were divided into groups and treated with NaOCl 2.5% + PUI, saline solution + 810 nm laser, NaOCl 2.5% + PUI + 810 nm laser, and a control group. The samples were then evaluated using a confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM). Another 40 teeth, prepared as dentin discs, were contaminated with the same biofilm to assess surface decontamination. Additionally, 80 bovine dentin discs with an induced smear layer, placed in the apical third of mesial root canals of 3D-printed teeth, underwent similar treatments. Pre- and post-treatment images were obtained using an environmental scanning electron microscope. Data were statistically analyzed with ANOVA test and Tukey’s test, respectively. Intradentinal disinfection rates were 67,33% for PUI, 51,50% for the 810 nm laser, and 55,32% for the PUI + 810 nm laser, with no statistically significant differences (p > 0.05). Surface decontamination rates were 39,52%, 51,27%, and 45,20% for the respective groups, also without significant differences (p > 0.05). No significant differences were found regarding smear layer removal (p > 0.05). The 810 nm diode laser with saline achieved disinfection similar to 2.5% sodium hypochlorite with ultrasound. Combining laser and PUI didn’t improve disinfection. None of the studied protocol removed the smear layer.

PMID:40347363 | DOI:10.1007/s10103-025-04470-3

Discov Oncol. 2025 May 10;16(1):717. doi: 10.1007/s12672-025-02553-9.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: This retrospective study aimed to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy with raltitrexed and oxaliplatin (RALOX-HAIC) combined with radiotherapy, tyrosine kinase inhibitors, and immune checkpoint inhibitors in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with portal vein tumor thrombus (PVTT).

METHODS: A propensity score-matching (PSM) cohort study was conducted. The tumor response, treatment-related adverse events, survival outcomes were compared. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to explore the risk factors of overall survival (OS).

RESULTS: Twenty-one pairs of patients were evaluated after PSM. No statistical differences were found in the tumor response, objective response rate, disease control rate, PVTT response, surgical resection rate, metastasis, and mortality between the two groups before and after PSM. Compared with the FOLFOX-HAIC group, the incidences of abdominal pain and fever was lower in the RALOX-HAIC group (P = 0.028, P = 0.029). These differences still had statistical significance after PSM (P = 0.013, P = 0.014). No statistical differences were found in OS and progression-free survival (PFS) between the two groups before and after PSM (Before [OS: hazard ratio(HR) = 1.138; 95%CI 0.569-2.276, P = 0.715; PFS: HR = 0.549; 95%CI 0.195-1.548, P = 0.257; After [OS: HR = 0.998; 95%CI 0.438-2.274, P = 0.995; PFS: HR = 0.792; 95%CI 0.359-1.748, P = 0.564]). The prealbumin < 170 mg/L before therapy was an independent risk factor for OS (HR = 2.234; 95%CI 1.051-4.751; P = 0.037).

CONCLUSIONS: The RALOX-HAIC combined radiotherapy, TKI, and ICI may provide similar survival advantages with fewer treatment-related abdominal pain and fever compared to FOLFOX-HAIC for HCC patients with PVTT. The prealbumin < 170 mg/L before therapy is an independent risk factor for OS.

PMID:40347357 | DOI:10.1007/s12672-025-02553-9

J Gambl Stud. 2025 May 10. doi: 10.1007/s10899-025-10391-1. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Loss chasing is a defining clinical criterion for Gambling Disorder. Using actual player records, we investigated the potential for a multidimensional loss chasing concept (based on bet size, betting odds, and time between bets) to predict potential gambling harm among online sports bettors (N = 36,331) and daily fantasy sports (DFS) players (N = 34,596). Our main focus was whether optimized thresholds (derived from ROC analysis) for loss chasing yielded greater predictive value than both median-derived thresholds and a natural continuous form. Compared to the other tested forms of chasing, optimized thresholds of loss chasing showed the most promise (i.e., positive and statistically significant effects and improved model fit) for two out of three dimensions (i.e., bet size and odds) for one outcome (i.e., loss trajectory) among sports bettors. For these bettors and outcomes, all three loss chasing dimensions predicted the outcome in isolation; however, grouping all three expressions into a single model yielded poor model fit. Loss chasing effects were less apparent (generally non-significant or in the negative direction) for another outcome (i.e., percent change in net loss) and among DFS players. Still, this study demonstrates the promise of a multidimensional concept of loss chasing, and the potential for optimized thresholds to improve prediction of potential harm-related outcomes.

PMID:40347356 | DOI:10.1007/s10899-025-10391-1

Patient. 2025 May 10. doi: 10.1007/s40271-025-00737-7. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Like in many countries, coverage of sexual and reproductive health (SRH) services among adolescents and young people (AYP) aged 15-24 remains low in Zambia. Increasing coverage of SRH services requires interventions that are responsive to the needs and preferences of AYP. We conducted a discrete choice experiment (DCE) to elicit AYP’s preferences for SRH service delivery in Lusaka, Zambia.

METHODS: A cross-sectional DCE was conducted with AYP aged 15-24 years. Consenting participants were presented with alternative SRH service delivery strategies represented by six attributes, namely: location, type of provider, type of services, service differentiation by sex, availability of edutainment, and opening hours. Multinomial logit and random parameters logit models were used to analyse the data. All variables were effect coded.

RESULTS: A total of 423 AYP aged 15-24 years (61% female) completed the DCE. Respondents preferred SRH services that were integrated with other healthcare services (b = 0.65, p < 0.001), delivered by medical staff and peer support workers (b = 0.44, p < 0.001), and provided at a hub within a health facility (b = 0.62, p < 0.001). AYP also preferred services to be available on weekends during the daytime (b = 0.37, p < 0.001). Participants also preferred alternatives which included edutainment (b = 0.22, p < 0.001). Service differentiation by sex had little effect on the preference for SRH service delivery (b = – 0.05, p = 0.08). The coefficient for the “neither” option was negative and statistically significant (b = – 5.31, p < 0.001), implying that AYP did not favor routine SRH service delivery in an outpatient department.

CONCLUSION: Efforts to increase SRH service utilization among AYP should focus on providing comprehensive SRH services that are integrated with other healthcare services. These services should be delivered by a combination of medical staff and peer supporter workers in youth-friendly spaces. Careful attention should be paid to opening times to ensure that these are convenient to AYP.

PMID:40347324 | DOI:10.1007/s40271-025-00737-7

Odontology. 2025 May 10. doi: 10.1007/s10266-025-01121-5. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

This study aimed to investigate the prognosis of adolescent patients with anterior disk displacement without reduction (ADDwoR) who were treated with disk repositioning through suturing or arthrocentesis plus hyaluronic acid (HA) combined with stabilization splint (SS). A total of 96 ADDwoR patients aged ranging from 12 to 18 years, were divided into two groups, including 52 patients in Group A (underwent disk repositioning by suturing) and 44 patients in Group B (underwent arthrocentesis plus HA combined with SS). Condylar height, disk length, maximum mouth opening (MMO), maximal protrusive movement (PM), left/right maximal lateral movement (LLM/RLM) and visual analogue scale (VAS) pain scores were comparatively analyzed between the two groups before and after treatment. Baselined data analysis showed there was no statistical significance in condylar height, disk length, MMO, PM, LLM, RLM, and VAS values between two groups preoperatively. Postoperatively, values of condylar height and disk length in Group A were larger than those in Group B (all P < 0.001); whereas PM, LLM, and RLM values of Group B were all significantly larger than those of Group A (all P < 0.001). However, no statistical difference was obtained in MMO and VAS score between two groups after treatment (all P > 0.05). Both two surgical techniques can effectively relieve pain and improve MMO of adolescent patients with ADDwoR. The maximal protrusive and lateral movement of Group B were superior to those of Group A, while the latter can effectively enhance condylar development and prevent mandibular deformities.

PMID:40347314 | DOI:10.1007/s10266-025-01121-5

Support Care Cancer. 2025 May 10;33(6):466. doi: 10.1007/s00520-025-09517-3.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: This study evaluated how frequently patients with early onset colorectal cancer received fertility counseling and whether patient characteristics affected the likelihood of receiving such counseling.

METHODS: We conducted a single-center retrospective review of all new patients seen by medical oncology for colorectal cancer who were age 55 years or younger for men and 50 years or younger for women. Associations between patient demographics and clinical characteristics with receipt of fertility counseling were explored using univariate analyses and multivariable logistical regression analyses.

RESULTS: A total of 194 patients were included, of whom 15.5% received fertility counseling. Using multivariate analysis, we found that age < 40 (OR 15.587, p < 0.0001, 95% CI 4.841-50.191) and female sex (OR 3.979, p = 0.0292, 95% CI 1.150-13.770) were correlated with increased likelihood of fertility counseling. Patients living in areas of higher household income were more likely to receive fertility counseling, with a statistically significant difference between the 3rd and 1st quartiles of income (p = 0.0369, 95% CI 1.161-115.940).

CONCLUSION: A majority of patients with EOCRC did not receive fertility counseling despite the known toxicities of CRC treatment modalities on fertility. Older age, male sex, and residence in areas of lower income were associated with decreased likelihood of receiving fertility counseling.

PMID:40347312 | DOI:10.1007/s00520-025-09517-3

CNS Drugs. 2025 May 10. doi: 10.1007/s40263-025-01188-2. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Baclofen, a traditional treatment for spasticity, is gaining interest for its use in alcohol use disorder (AUD). To assist clinicians in using baclofen for effective and safe treatment of AUD, we investigated the optimal target dosage of baclofen through a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis.

METHODS: We searched Cochrane, EMBASE, MEDLINE via PubMed, PsycINFO, ClinicalTrials.gov, and the International Clinical Trials Registry Platform for randomized controlled trials on 1 and 2 April 2024. Inclusion criteria were patients aged ≥ 18 years diagnosed with AUD according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)-IV, DSM-IV-TR, or International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-10, and treated with baclofen monotherapy. Continuous outcomes-percent days abstinent, drinks per drinking day, heavy drinking days (HDDs), craving, and anxiety-were analyzed as mean or standardized mean differences. Binary outcomes-relapse and dropout, including due to adverse events-were analyzed as odds ratios. Each outcome was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2.0 tool. A one-stage random-effects dose-response meta-analysis was performed using restricted cubic splines with fixed knots at 10%, 50%, and 90% percentiles.

RESULTS: A total of 14 trials (1344 patients) were included. Increasing the dose of baclofen up to 50-60 mg/day was associated with a higher percent days abstinent and reduced craving. However, a higher baclofen dose increases the risk of dropout due to adverse events. Commonly observed adverse events were drowsiness, sedation, somnolence and fatigue. Baclofen up to 50-60 mg/day did not significantly affect drinks per drinking day, HDDs, anxiety, relapse or dropout. Doses > 60 mg/day lacked reliable evaluation due to limited data and study heterogeneity.

CONCLUSIONS: Baclofen up to 50-60 mg/day may increase percent days abstinent and reduce craving, but may increase dropout due to adverse events. Clinicians should carefully consider individual patient factors when prescribing baclofen to patients with AUD.

PMID:40347309 | DOI:10.1007/s40263-025-01188-2

J Gastrointest Cancer. 2025 May 10;56(1):114. doi: 10.1007/s12029-025-01243-7.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: We previously identified examination time and 2-year interval as effective quality indicators for detecting upper gastrointestinal cancer during screening esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD). We evaluated the significance of biennial endoscopy in detecting pharyngeal and esophageal cancer.

METHODS: Individuals who underwent multiple EGD examinations as health checkups at our center between August 2012 and January 2022 were included. Endoscopists were categorized into two groups based on their mean examination time for normal EGD findings, using a threshold of 5 min. The associations between cancer detection rate and these indicators were analyzed using multivariable analyses.

RESULTS: Twelve endoscopists performed more than 1000 examinations each, for a total of 28,842 examinations, detecting all (6 pharyngeal and 26 esophageal) cancers. Intervals between endoscopies were classified into three groups: ≤ 1 year (Group 1), 1 to ≤ 2 years (Group 2), and > 2 years (Group 3). This cancer detection rate did not differ significantly between Groups 1 and 2 (p = 0.761) but was significantly higher in Group 3 than in Group 2 (OR = 4.356, 95% CI = 1.161-16.333, p = 0.029). When Groups 1 and 2 were combined (≤ 2 years) and compared with Group 3, an interval of > 2 years was significantly associated with a higher detection rate, including cases not curable by endoscopic resection (OR, 4.710; 95% CI, 1.806-12.282; p = 0.002). Examination time was not associated with the cancer detection rate (p = 0.944).

CONCLUSIONS: These findings support the significance of biennial endoscopy in detecting pharyngeal and esophageal cancer as well.

PMID:40347302 | DOI:10.1007/s12029-025-01243-7

Cell Tissue Bank. 2025 May 10;26(2):23. doi: 10.1007/s10561-025-10172-5.

ABSTRACT

Tibial reconstruction for major bone loss is a challenging surgical situation. For more than 30 years, massive bone allografts entered our therapeutic arsenal as a major tool to reconstruct large bone defect. Despite allograft is valued for its convenience, it is still burdened by a high complication rate. This retrospective monocentric study focuses on the clinical outcomes of massive tibial allografts and their outcome’s prediction. Between 1987 and 2022, the files of 148 massive tibial allografts were retrospectively reviewed (registration number B403201523492). Survival curves were calculated based on the allograft success or failure. Survival curves without revision surgery were calculated following the same design. Finally, multiple logistic regression models were set up to point out variables that influence the allograft survival. After 30 years, 87.2% of the patient retained limb function. However, 55% of the allograft failed and had to be removed (mean survival time is 20.06 ± 2.07 years (CI 16.0-24.1)). The estimate mean survival time is 10.26 ± 1.60 years (CI 7.1-13.4) with less than 20% survival for the allografts without revision surgery after 30 years. Tumor and septic indications worsen the prognosis as well as the number of revision surgeries and the osteochondral allograft type. In contrast, PSI use or traumatological indications improve the allograft survival. Despite remaining an excellent surgical reconstructive option, massive tibial allografts show a high revision surgery rate. Thanks to our multiple logistic regression models, we can start to predict and improve the final outcomes of these complex allograft reconstruction.

PMID:40347297 | DOI:10.1007/s10561-025-10172-5

Eur Spine J. 2025 May 10. doi: 10.1007/s00586-025-08806-z. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to compare the clinical outcomes and sexual function of male and female patients who underwent IELD and MD due to LDH.

METHODS: The retrospective study included 72 sexually active patients aged 24-50 years. Patients were divided into four groups based on genders and surgical techniques. Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) (leg pain/LBP) and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) tests were performed. International Index of Erectile Function-5 (IIEF-5) to evaluate the sexual functions of male patients; Female sexual function tests (FSFI) were used to evaluate the sexual functions of female patients, and the Hospital Anxiety Depression Score (HADS) test was used to evaluate the hospital anxiety and depression levels of all patients.

RESULTS: Mean age of the patients 39.8 ± 5.6. In all patients, a statistically significant improvement in three parameters (VAS-Leg, VAS-LBP, ODI) was observed in the post-operative period. However of note, the MD group had a statistically higher post-operative VAS-LBP pain score when compared with the IELD group (p = 0.001; p < 0.01). Both surgical interventions proved effective in increasing IIEF-5 scores, with the IELD group having statistically higher scores in the postoperative period. However, there was no such difference in FSFI scores in female patients with either procedure.

CONCLUSION: The results showed that both IELD and MD improved sexual function in patients with LDH, but IELD had a greater positive effect in male patients compared to MD. It was also found that IELD caused less LBP and more improvement in anxiety levels compared to MD.

PMID:40347289 | DOI:10.1007/s00586-025-08806-z