Tag: nevin manimala

Pediatr Cardiol. 2025 May 10. doi: 10.1007/s00246-025-03885-7. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Homografts conduits has been the gold standard for right ventricle to pulmonary artery (RV-PA) conduit. Several different types of xenograft valved conduits have been used as an alternative to homografts, due to their limited availability. In this single center, retrospective study, we analyzed the outcomes of patients with bovine jugular vein conduit (Contegra) and porcine valved conduit (Biointegral) in terms of survival and reintervention rate. Between 2012 and 2023, 44 children underwent surgical repair with RV-PA conduits using Contegra (n = 20) or Biointegral (n = 24). Patients with truncus arteriosus and patients who underwent unifocalization and Ross procedures were excluded. The operations in which other RV-PA conduits such as homografts, Gore-Tex grafts with PTFE handmade valved were used, were also excluded from the study. The median age of the patients was 19 (3-60) months and 84% of the patients (n = 37) had a history of previous intervention. Hospital mortality was 4.5% (n = 2). The median length of stay in intensive care unit and hospital was 5 (2-63) and 19 (2-145) days, respectively. 36 of the patients (82%) were followed for a median of 68 (4.8-143.7) months. There was one late death in Contegra group and five late deaths in Biointegral group. Survival analysis revealed that 1, 5, and 10-year survival rates were 100%, 90%, and 90% in Contegra group and 81%, 76.2%, and 33.9% (p = 0.047) in Biointegral group, respectively. During follow-up period, 11 patients (30.5%) needed reintervention (n = 3 in Contegra; n = 8 in Biointegral group). Freedom from reintervention rates were 100%, 94.1%, and 47.1% at 1, 5, and 10 years in Contegra group and 100% and 63.3% at 1 and 5 years in Biointegral group, respectively (p = 0.024). In this study, the outcomes of Contegra conduits were statistically significantly better than Biointegral conduits. Contegra is still the most valuable alternative to homografts. We believe that the choice of conduit in the first surgery is an important decision that directly affects survival and re-intervention rates.

PMID:40347272 | DOI:10.1007/s00246-025-03885-7

Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2025 May 10. doi: 10.1007/s00417-025-06852-3. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To investigate distribution differences of parafoveal cone photoreceptors between dominant and non-dominant eyes using the adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscope (AO-SLO) system.

METHODS: This retrospective study included 156 eyes from 78 healthy subjects, all of whom had best-corrected visual acuity of 20/20 or better in both eyes and underwent ophthalmological examinations. The dominant eye was determined using the hole-in-the-card test. Retinal cone photoreceptor observations were performed at an eccentricity of 3.0° from the foveal center using the AO-SLO system. Quantitative distribution parameters, including cone density, spacing, regularity, and dispersion of both dominant and non-dominant eyes, were analyzed and compared.

RESULTS: Dominant eyes exhibited higher cone photoreceptors density at a 3.0° horizontal eccentricity from the fovea [22,896 (20,954, 25,179) cells/mm²] than non-dominant eyes [22,621 (20,147, 24,253) cells/mm²] (p = 0.03). Correspondingly, the spacing of cone photoreceptors in dominant eyes [5.41 (5.09, 5.68) µm] was smaller than that in non-dominant eyes [5.47 (5.23, 5.72) µm] (p = 0.041). The interocular difference in cone regularity between dominant [96.53 (95.07, 97.46)%] and non-dominant [96.68 (95.49, 97.57)%] eyes was statistically significant (p = 0.04). However, there was no significant interocular difference in cone dispersion, which could reflect distribution uniformity (p = 0.795).

CONCLUSION: Our findings reveal that the dominant eye exhibits higher cone density in the parafoveal region with narrower spacing but a less regular arrangement than the non-dominant eye. These cytological features provide new evidence linking cone photoreceptor distribution to ocular dominance, which may account for the electrophysiological asymmetry observed between the two eyes.

KEY MESSAGES: What is known? • The adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscope can correct aberrations caused by irregularities in the eye’s optics, allowing for the direct and noninvasive observation of retinal microstructures in vivo. What is new? • Our study reveals that parafoveal cone photoreceptors in dominant eyes exhibit significantly higher density, narrower spacing, and a less regular arrangement compared to those in non-dominant eyes in vivo. • The cytological asymmetry between photoreceptor cells in dominant and non-dominant eyes may serve as a potential basis for the electrophysiological differences observed between the two.

PMID:40347260 | DOI:10.1007/s00417-025-06852-3

Abdom Radiol (NY). 2025 May 10. doi: 10.1007/s00261-025-04981-1. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Microsatellite instability (MSI) is a novel predictive biomarker for chemotherapy and immunotherapy response, as well as prognostic indicator in colorectal cancer (CRC). The current standard for MSI identification is polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing or the immunohistochemical analysis of tumor biopsy samples. However, tumor heterogeneity and procedure complications pose challenges to these techniques. CT and MRI-based radiomics models offer a promising non-invasive approach for this purpose.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: A systematic search of PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library and Scopus was conducted to identify studies evaluating the diagnostic performance of CT and MRI-based radiomics models for detecting MSI status in CRC. Pooled area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity, and specificity were calculated in RStudio using a random-effects model. Forest plots and a summary ROC curve were generated. Heterogeneity was assessed using I² statistics and explored through sensitivity analyses, threshold effect assessment, subgroup analyses and meta-regression.

RESULTS: 17 studies with a total of 6,045 subjects were included in the analysis. All studies extracted radiomic features from CT or MRI images of CRC patients with confirmed MSI status to train machine learning models. The pooled AUC was 0.815 (95% CI: 0.784-0.840) for CT-based studies and 0.900 (95% CI: 0.819-0.943) for MRI-based studies. Significant heterogeneity was identified and addressed through extensive analysis.

CONCLUSION: Radiomics models represent a novel and promising tool for predicting MSI status in CRC patients. These findings may serve as a foundation for future studies aimed at developing and validating improved models, ultimately enhancing the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of colorectal cancer.

PMID:40347255 | DOI:10.1007/s00261-025-04981-1

Int Urogynecol J. 2025 May 10. doi: 10.1007/s00192-025-06130-0. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION AND HYPOTHESIS: Urinary incontinence can occur during university years, just as at other stages of life. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of urinary incontinence and related factors in university students.

METHODS: The cross-sectional research involved 293 students enrolled in the faculty of health sciences at a public institution. Data were collected using an information form, the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire Short Form, the King’s Health Survey, the Physical Activity Scale- 2, and the Childhood Trauma Scale. Descriptive statistics, the Mann-Whitney U test for pairwise group comparisons, the Kruskal-Wallis test for three or more group comparisons, and the Spearman correlation test were used to analyze data that did not follow a normal distribution.

RESULTS: The students’ average age was 20.94 ± 1.70 years; 79.2% of them were female. It is observed that 98.6% of the students who were enrolled were single. 15.7% of the students reported that they frequently experienced urinary tract infections. 30% of the students had urinary incontinence problems; 21.1% were affected mildly, 8.2% moderately and 0.7% severely. It was found that the impact of urinary incontinence on quality of life varied based on students’ personal characteristics and urinary problems. Various associations were identified between age, urinary incontinence symptoms, quality of life, physical activity levels, and childhood trauma.

CONCLUSIONS: Preventive interventions should be implemented to address urinary incontinence among university students, as it is a public health concern. To avert the onset of urinary incontinence, it is advisable to identify students experiencing this condition, assist them in enhancing their quality of life by addressing relevant factors, promote and motivate them toward physical activity, and implement preventive measures such as exercise programs and counseling.

PMID:40347245 | DOI:10.1007/s00192-025-06130-0

Knee Surg Relat Res. 2025 May 9;37(1):21. doi: 10.1186/s43019-025-00274-5.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: This study aims to evaluate research trends, key contributors, and thematic focuses in research of the anterolateral ligament (ALL) of the knee. It seeks to identify future direction for studies related to long-term clinical outcomes regarding ALL’s role in rotational stability, especially in the context of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries.

METHODS: A bibliometric analysis was conducted using the Web of Science (WoS) database, covering publications from 2012 to 2024 with the search term “anterolateral ligament”. A total of 942 studies were identified. Descriptive statistics summarized publication trends, authorship, institutional contributions, and citation metrics. VOSviewer software was used to analyze co-authorship network analysis, keyword co-occurrence mapping, and total citation analysis. Yearly publication and citation trends were analyzed using WoS data. Studies addressing the ALL in other body regions were excluded. Additionally, only authors with at least one publication and one citation were considered, and documents with more than 25 authors were excluded. A total citation analysis was conducted, and 24 relevant keywords with more than 5 occurrences were identified using VOSviewer.

RESULTS: Among 942 publications, 707 were original articles. Research output peaked in 2017 (125 articles). Sonnery-Cottet was the leading author (75 publications), while Universidade De São-Paulo emerged as the top institution (57 publications). Key journals included Arthroscopy: Journal of Arthroscopic and Related Surgery (143 articles) and The American Journal of Sports Medicine (131 articles). Keywords such as “anterior cruciate ligament”, “reconstruction”, and “rotational stability” dominated, reflecting a focus on ACL injury management. The top ten cited studies accrued 3,86 citations, with Claes et al.’s anatomical study leading (621 citations). Of the 942 ALL-related articles in WoS, 381 focused on anatomy (11,278 citations) while 814 addressed reconstruction (17,048 citations). Keyword trends shifted from anatomical to clinical terms, with anatomy declining and stability, injury, and outcomes gaining prominence from 2021 to 2024.

CONCLUSIONS: This bibliometric analysis underscores the growing interest in ALL research, peaking between 2016 and 2017. While foundational studies on ALL anatomy and biomechanics appear saturated, future research should prioritize clinical outcomes in terms of failure rate, reoperation, the long-term efficacy of ACL-ALL reconstruction, and advancements in imaging techniques.

PMID:40346719 | DOI:10.1186/s43019-025-00274-5

J Health Popul Nutr. 2025 May 9;44(1):150. doi: 10.1186/s41043-025-00838-x.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Women in abusive or controlling relationships often experience restrictions on their autonomy, mobility, and decision-making capacity. Furthermore, fear of a husband or partner, whether stemming from psychological abuse, coercive control, or physical violence, may influence a woman’s ability to engage in health-promoting activities like exercise. However, the relationship between fear in intimate relationships and excercise remains underexplored. We examined whether there was an association between relational fear and women’s engagement in exercise, as well as the direction of this association.

METHODS: We analyzed the data of 5,052 women (15-49 years) who participated in the 2022 Kenya Demographic and Health Survey. We derived the outcome variable from the question: “how many days per week do you exercise?” The responses were recoded as ‘0 = do not exercise’ and ‘1/7 days = exercises’. All estimates were weighted. Cross-tabulations and two sets of binary logistic regression models were computed in STATA version 18. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05.

RESULTS: Most women exercised three or more days per week (59.6%) while 22.9% did not exercise at all. Women who were most of the time afraid of their partner had a 47% higher likelihood of engaging in exercise compared to those who were never afraid (COR = 1.47, 95%CI: 1.16-1.88). After adjusting for confounders, this association weakened but remained significant (AOR = 1.33, 95%CI: 1.03-1.71). Similarly, women who were sometimes afraid of their partner showed significantly higher odds of engaging in exercise in both crude (COR = 1.30, 95%CI: 1.11-1.53) and adjusted models (AOR = 1.23, 95%CI: 1.04-1.46). Increasing age, higher education levels, rural residency and media exposure were strongly associated with increased exercise engagement.

CONCLUSION: This study reveals a positive association between fear in intimate relationships and women’s engagement in exercise, suggesting that exercise may serve as a coping mechanism for some women experiencing relational fear. While these results contribute to the limited literature on the intersection of intimate partner dynamics and preventive health behaviors, they remain preliminary. Further research is needed to explore the causal pathways, contextual influences, and potential long-term implications of relational fear on exercise engagement.

PMID:40346708 | DOI:10.1186/s41043-025-00838-x

Mov Ecol. 2025 May 9;13(1):33. doi: 10.1186/s40462-025-00558-1.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Climate change is impacting the distribution and movement of mobile marine organisms globally. Statistical species distribution models are commonly used to explain past patterns and anticipate future shifts. However, purely correlative models can fail under novel environmental conditions, or omit key mechanistic processes driving species habitat use.

METHODS: Here, we used a unique combination of laboratory measurements, field observations, and environmental predictors to investigate spatial variability in energetic seascapes for juvenile North Pacific albacore tuna (Thunnus alalunga). This species undertakes some of the longest migrations of any finfish, but their susceptibility to climate-driven habitat changes is poorly understood. We first built a framework based on Generalized Additive Models to understand mechanisms of energy gain and loss in albacore, and how these are linked to ocean conditions. We then applied the framework to projections from an ensemble of earth system models to quantify changes in thermal and foraging habitats between historical (1971-2000) and future (2071-2100) time periods.

RESULTS: We show how albacore move seasonally between feeding grounds in the California Current System and the offshore North Pacific, foraging most successfully in spring and summer. The thermal corridors used for migration largely coincide with minimum metabolic costs of movement. Future warming may result in loss of favorable thermal habitat in the sub-tropics and a reduction in total habitat area, but allow increased access to productive and energetically favorable sub-arctic ecosystems. Importantly, while thermal considerations suggest a loss in habitat area, forage considerations suggest that these losses may be offset by more energetically favorable conditions in the habitat that remains. In addition, the energetic favorability of coastal foraging areas may increase in future, with decreasing suitability of offshore foraging grounds. Our results clearly show the importance of moving beyond temperature when considering climate change impacts on marine species and their movement ecology.

CONCLUSIONS: Considering energetic seascapes adds essential mechanistic underpinning to projections of habitat gain and loss, particularly for highly migratory animals. Overall, improved understanding of mechanisms driving migration behavior, physiological constraints, and behavioral plasticity is required to better anticipate how climate change will impact pelagic marine ecosystems.

PMID:40346693 | DOI:10.1186/s40462-025-00558-1

Arch Public Health. 2025 May 9;83(1):131. doi: 10.1186/s13690-025-01616-1.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: In recent years indoor air pollution (IAP) has emerged as a critical public health and environmental issue and to highlight the need for coordinated efforts to promote healthy aging and sustainable development, this study determined the association between frailty and IAP among male and female and among older adults (45-59 years) and elderly (≥ 60 years) population in India.

METHODS: This study analysed the nationally representative dataset of the Longitudinal Ageing Study in India (LASI 2017-18, Wave-1). Bivariate analysis and logistic regression were conducted to show the association of frailty (outcome variable) with IAP (explanatory variable). Multivariable logistic regression was performed, adjusting for covariates as per three models. P value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. STATA version 17 was used for analysis.

RESULTS: The results revealed that males have shown a significant association with all the explanatory variables (fuel type, ‘pollution generating source’, ‘vulnerable ventilation’, ‘household indoor smoking’, and ‘IAP’) as compared to females, except for the impact of poor ventilation. However, the study reported a higher prevalence of frailty among females. Several factors are significantly associated with frailty in individuals aged ≥ 60 years. Particularly use of unclean or solid fuels was linked to an 11% significant risk of frailty (Adjusted OR: 1.11, 95% CI: 1.03-1.19), while higher pollution-generating sources and exposure to IAP both contributed to an 11-12% higher risk of frailty (Adjusted OR: 1.11, 95% CI:1.03-1.19) and Adjusted OR:1.12,, 95% CI:1.05-1.19) respectively). Additionally, vulnerable ventilation remained a significant factor, with an 11% increased likelihood of frailty (Adjusted OR: 1.11, 95% CI: 1.03-1.20) in this older age group.

CONCLUSION: Hence, a holistic approach is required for reducing IAP. This can be done by improving household infrastructure, raising awareness about the existing government scheme, promoting early screening for frailty, and enforcing stronger policies. Treating existing government programs like ‘Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojna (PMUY)’, ‘Unnat Jyoti by Affordable LEDs for All (UJALA)’, ‘Pradhan Mantri Sahaj Bijli Har Ghar Yojana – Saubhagya’, ‘Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana – Gramin (PMAY-G)’, National Clean Air Program (NCAP), The National Tobacco Control Programme (NTCP) and the amended the ‘Cigarettes and other Tobacco Products Act (COTPA), 2020 etc. as base and by addressing the gaps in accessibility and affordability and focusing on vulnerable populations, India can create wholesome living environments. Fostering long-term behavioural changes and implementing targeted interventions will lead the way for improved health and well-being for everyone.

PMID:40346691 | DOI:10.1186/s13690-025-01616-1

BMC Rheumatol. 2025 May 9;9(1):51. doi: 10.1186/s41927-025-00506-x.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic disease primarily affecting older adults, mainly impacting the hip and knee joints. The increasing prevalence of OA contributes to rising healthcare demands and costs. Current OA treatment guidelines emphasize the importance of self-management education and guidance, particularly in promoting physical activity and weight management. In addition, improving sleep is crucial for managing OA. Developing effective self-management interventions necessitates a comprehensive understanding of the factors that facilitate these behaviors. Especially for changing health behaviors, it is important to focus on psychosocial factors. Therefore, this systematic review aimed to identify the psychosocial factors associated with physical activity, weight management, and sleep in adults with hip and/or knee OA.

METHODS: Five databases (PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, PyschINFO, Web of Science) were searched for observational studies reporting statistics on the association between psychosocial determinants and physical activity, weight management, or sleep in people with OA. The methodological quality was assessed using the Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Studies of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. After screening 5,812 articles, 31 studies were included for analysis.

RESULTS: The results showed that intention, self-efficacy, and willpower beliefs were positively associated with physical activity. Kinesiophobia, pain catastrophizing and pain-related fear were negatively associated with physical activity. Depressive symptoms, negative affect, pain catastrophizing, and low willpower beliefs were associated with poor weight management. Anxiety, depression, pain anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder were related to poor sleep behavior.

CONCLUSIONS: This review enhances the understanding of the psychosocial factors underlying physical activity, weight management and sleep in OA. These insights are valuable for developing tailored behavior change interventions aimed at improving physical activity, weight management and sleep in patients with hip and/or knee OA. Future research is warranted to gain more in-depth insights, particularly through longitudinal studies and further research into the psychosocial determinants of sleep, as current literature in this area is limited.

PMID:40346686 | DOI:10.1186/s41927-025-00506-x

Arch Public Health. 2025 May 9;83(1):128. doi: 10.1186/s13690-025-01611-6.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Hereditary diseases, particularly genetic blood disorders such as Sickle Cell Disease (SCD), Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency, and Thalassemia, pose significant public health challenges. Premarital carrier screening (PMCS) is a critical preventive measure, yet its uptake remains low in many regions, including the Ahafo Region of Ghana. This study assessed young adults’ knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) regarding PMCS for SCD, G6PD deficency, and Thalassemia and determined factors associated with these KAP outcomes in the Ahafo Region.

METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted from January to March 2024, involving 460 young adults aged 18-35 years attending various health facilities in the Ahafo Region. Data were collected using a validated structured questionnaire, translated into the local dialect for clarity. The questionnaire covered socio-demographic information, knowledge of PMCS, attitudes towards PMCS, and PMCS practices. Data were analysed using Stata version 14, with descriptive statistics, Chi-square tests for associations, and logistic regression to identify significant predictors of KAP.

RESULTS: The study population was predominantly female (85.7%), with a mean age of 24.7 years. Only 15.4% (n = 71) of respondents demonstrated good knowledge of PMCS. Key factors influencing knowledge included female gender, age 26-35 years, tertiary education, and receiving information from healthcare services. Positive attitudes towards PMCS were observed in 66.7% of respondents, significantly associated with tertiary education, self-employment, unemployment, and cohabiting marital status. However, only 14.1% exhibited positive PMCS practices, with significant predictors being tertiary education and being married. These findings indicate a substantial gap between awareness and actual practice of PMCS.

CONCLUSION: This study underscores the urgent need for targeted educational interventions and policy measures to enhance PMCS uptake among young adults in the Ahafo Region. Improving healthcare communication, integrating PMCS education into tertiary curricula, addressing sociocultural barriers, and enacting supportive policies are essential steps. Engaging various stakeholders, including healthcare providers, educational institutions, community leaders, policymakers, and NGOs, is crucial for effectively translating positive attitudes into proactive practices and reducing the prevalence of genetic blood disorders in the Ahafo Region and Ghana as a whole.

PMID:40346681 | DOI:10.1186/s13690-025-01611-6