Tag: nevin manimala

Environ Monit Assess. 2025 May 8;197(6):639. doi: 10.1007/s10661-025-14099-y.

ABSTRACT

The present study investigated the natural radioactivity levels of $_{}^{226}$ Ra, $_{}^{232}$ Th, and $_{}^{40}$ K in various construction and building materials commonly used in Central Nepal, expressed in Bq kg $_{}^{–1}$ , and analyzed the associated 13 radiological parameters for the evaluation of risks. Activity concentrations were determined using a thallium-activated sodium iodide crystal NaI(Tl) 3″ $\times$ 3″ scintillator detector. Multivariate statistical analysis was used to discern trends and depict the data. Among the material studied, granites, sand, and bricks exhibited concentrations and associated radiological parameters that exceeded world average. However, remaining aggregate, cement, concrete bricks, marble, and tiles showed activity concentrations and hazard indices comparable to or lower than the global average value reported by UNSCEAR, 1993 for building materials. The overall revealed mean ± S.D. concentration of $_{}^{226}$ Ra, $_{}^{232}$ Th and $_{}^{40}$ K across 41 different materials as 43.2 ± 1.0 Bq kg $_{}^{–1}$ , 56.8 ± 1.4 Bq kg $_{}^{–1}$ , and 281.1 ± 5.3 Bq kg $_{}^{–1}$ , respectively. The average values $_{}^{226}$ Ra, $_{}^{232}$ Th were above the world population average values of 50 and 50 Bq kg $_{}^{–1}$ whereas the concentration of $_{}^{40}$ K was well below the average value 500 Bq kg $_{}^{–1}$ respectively. From this, it is concluded that the studied samples are safe to use. However, regulations are needed to evaluate the natural activity concentrations of radionuclides in geologically derived samples and the associated health implications related to materials utilized from the internal resources of the country and imported materials from a different country.

PMID:40338326 | DOI:10.1007/s10661-025-14099-y

Virchows Arch. 2025 May 8. doi: 10.1007/s00428-025-04076-8. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

The histologic distinction of segmental colitis associated with diverticulosis (SCAD) from inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is difficult; however, distinguishing the two is important for patient management. This study aimed to examine histologic changes in SCAD and compare them to those in IBD. We retrospectively identified patients with highly likely SCAD and known IBD who were biopsied at our institution. With diagnosis blinded, H&E slides were reviewed for cryptitis, crypt abscesses, lamina propria (LP) neutrophils, erosion/ulceration, LP expansion by mononuclear cells, prominent basal lymphoid aggregates, basal lymphoplasmacytosis, crypt distortion, crypt dilation, granulomatous reaction to damaged crypts, increased intraepithelial lymphocytes, mucin depletion, Paneth cell metaplasia, LP smooth muscle wisps, and crypt rupture. Features between groups were compared by chi-squared analysis, with statistical significance set at P < 0.05. There were 81 SCAD cases (79% in the sigmoid colon) and 166 IBD cases. A separate cohort of 27 patients had both IBD and diverticulosis. Compared to the IBD cohort, the SCAD cohort was significantly less likely to demonstrate crypt abscesses (20% vs. 45%, P < 0.0001), prominent basal lymphoid aggregates (37% vs. 51%, P = 0.042), crypt distortion (7% vs. 25%, P = 0.00090), Paneth cell metaplasia (37% vs. 57%, P = 0.0061), and crypt rupture (1% vs. 11%, P = 0.0089). These histologic features, although not entirely specific, may be of value in distinguishing IBD from SCAD, particularly when clinical context is unclear or not readily available.

PMID:40338318 | DOI:10.1007/s00428-025-04076-8

Int J Colorectal Dis. 2025 May 8;40(1):112. doi: 10.1007/s00384-025-04903-z.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: The anastomosis technique following laparoscopic right colectomy remains a subject of ongoing debate. One of the potential advantages of intracorporeal anastomosis is the flexibility it offers in selecting the location of the minilaparotomy. This study aimed to evaluate the differences in the rate of incisional hernia between intracorporeal and extracorporeal anastomosis after laparoscopic right colectomy.

METHODS: We retrospectively analysed patients undergoing laparoscopic right colectomy for colon neoplasia between April 2013 and January 2024, retrieved from a prospectively maintained database. The occurrence of incisional hernia was assessed according to the anastomosis technique. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to investigate the relationship between incisional hernia and anastomosis technique, while controlling for other risk factors.

RESULTS: Among 192 patients, 94 underwent intracorporeal anastomosis and 98 underwent extracorporeal anastomosis. The groups were comparable in terms of clinical, pathological, and surgical data. The intracorporeal group showed a lower incidence, although not statistically significant, of postoperative ileus (p = 0.052), and a shorter hospital stay (p = 0.003). No incisional hernias were observed at the minilaparotomy site in the intracorporeal anastomosis group, while 13.3% of patients in the extracorporeal anastomosis group developed an incisional hernia (p < 0.001). One incisional hernia at the umbilical trocar site occurred after intracorporeal anastomosis. Multivariate analysis identified postoperative general complications (OR [95% CI]: 4.1 [1.0-16.5], p = 0.049) and extracorporeal anastomosis (OR [95% CI]: 15.4 [1.0-126.9], p = 0.011) as independent risk factors for incisional hernia.

CONCLUSIONS: Intracorporeal anastomosis significantly reduces the incidence of incisional hernia at the minilaparotomy site. This finding is further supported by logistic regression analysis, which identified intracorporeal anastomosis as a significant and independent protective factor against incisional hernia.

PMID:40338315 | DOI:10.1007/s00384-025-04903-z

Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2025 May 8. doi: 10.1007/s00259-025-07307-x. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: Rejection, especially chronic rejection is a key factor influencing the prognosis of kidney transplantation patients. While ¹⁸F-fibroblast activation protein inhibitor (FAPI)-04 PET/CT has been widely utilized for diagnosing various diseases, its diagnostic efficacy in kidney transplant rejection remains unexplored.

METHODS: In this study, 24 kidney transplant recipients were prospectively enrolled and divided into a control cohort and a rejection cohort (KTR), which were further classified into acute rejection (AR), mixed rejection (MR), and chronic rejection (CR) subgroups. All patients underwent ¹⁸F-FAPI-04 PET/CT and ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT scans, along with immunohistochemical FAP staining and Banff pathological scoring. The maximum and average standardized uptake values (SUVs) of the two imaging methods were calculated.

RESULTS: Compared with the control cohort, the KTR cohort showed significantly higher serum creatinine levels, lower estimated glomerular filtration rates, and lower hemoglobin levels. The SUVmax of ¹⁸F-FAPI-04 PET/CT in the allograft kidney cortex (AKC) and allograft kidney biopsy site (AKB) in the KTR cohort was significantly greater than that in the control cohort. The SUVmax of ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT between the two cohorts was significantly different only in the AKC. For the KTR cohort, the SUVmax of ¹⁸F-FAPI-04 PET/CT in AKC and AKB was considerably greater than that of ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT (5.5 vs. 2.8 and 3.6 vs. 2.5, respectively; both p < 0.01). In the CR cohort, the SUVmax of ¹⁸F-FAPI-04 PET/CT in the AKC, AKB, and allograft kidney medulla (AKM) was significantly greater (7.1, 5.3, and 3.2) than that of ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT (2.5, 2.1 and 1.8) (p = 0.009, 0.009 and 0.016, respectively). The SUVmax of ¹⁸F-FAPI-04 PET/CT in AKB increased gradually in the AR, MR, and CR cohorts (2.8 vs. 3.6 vs. 5.3, p = 0.02). The above results were consistent with the SUVavg statistics. The number of FAP-positive stromal cells was different between the control and KTR groups and among the AR, MR, and CR subgroups.

CONCLUSION: ¹⁸F-FAPI-04 PET/CT outperforms ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT in distinguishing kidney transplant rejection, especially chronic rejection.

PMID:40338305 | DOI:10.1007/s00259-025-07307-x

Acta Neuropathol Commun. 2025 May 7;13(1):93. doi: 10.1186/s40478-025-02013-z.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Tauopathies, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD), display sex-specific differences in prevalence and progression, but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Single-cell transcriptomic analysis of animal models can reveal how AD pathology affects different cell types across sex and age.

OBJECTIVE: To understand sex-specific and sex-dimorphic transcriptomic changes in different cell types and their age-dependence in the THY-Tau22 mouse model of AD-linked tauopathy.

METHODS: We applied single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) to cortical tissue from male and female THY-Tau22 and wild-type mice at 17 months of age, when they had prominent tau inclusion pathology, and compared the results with corresponding data previously obtained at 7 months of age. Using differential statistical analysis for individual genes, pathways, and gene regulatory networks, we identified sex-specific, sex-dimorphic, and sex-neutral changes, and looked at how they evolved over age. To validate the most robust findings across distinct mouse models and species, the results were compared with cortical scRNA-seq data from the transgenic hAPP-based Tg2576 mouse model and human AD.

RESULTS: We identified several significant sex-specific and sex-dimorphic differentially expressed genes in neurons, microglia, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes, including both cross-sectional changes and alterations from 7 months to 17 months of age. Key pathways affected in a sex-dependent manner across age included neurotransmitter signaling, RNA processing and splicing, stress response pathways, and protein degradation pathways. In addition, network analysis revealed the AD-associated genes Clu, Mbp, Fos and Junb as relevant regulatory hubs. Analysis of age-dependent changes highlighted genes and pathways associated with inflammatory response (Malat1, Cx3cr1), protein homeostasis (Cst3), and myelin maintenance (Plp1, Cldn11, Mal) that showed consistent sex-dependent changes as the THY-Tau22 mice aged. Multiple genes with established implications in AD, including the long non-coding RNA gene Malat1, displayed concordant sex-specific changes in mouse models and human AD.

CONCLUSIONS: This study provides a comprehensive single-cell transcriptomic characterization of sex-linked and age-dependent changes in the THY-Tau22 tauopathy model, revealing new insights into the interplay between age-dependent AD-like pathologies and sex. The identified sex-specific changes and their conservation across models and human AD highlight molecular targets for further preclinical investigation of sex-specific therapeutic strategies in AD.

PMID:40336141 | DOI:10.1186/s40478-025-02013-z

BMC Psychol. 2025 May 7;13(1):482. doi: 10.1186/s40359-025-02784-z.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The relationship between maladaptive personality traits and other mental disorders, such as depression, has been underexplored, especially in medical students. Moreover, the prevalence of depression among medical students is greater than that among the general population, increasing their susceptibility to associated psychopathologies. Consequently, this study aims to investigate the relationship between depression and maladaptive personality trait domains on the basis of Criterion B of the DSM-5 Alternative Model for Personality Disorders (DSM-5 AMPD) among medical students while also highlighting relevant sociodemographic factors.

METHODOLOGY: A cross-sectional study was conducted from May to September 2024, with participants surveyed through an online questionnaire. The questionnaire included three sections: sociodemographic characteristics, assessment of depression via the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), and maladaptive personality traits via the Personality Inventory for DSM-5-Brief Form (PID-5-BF). Statistical analysis was conducted in R via various packages for data cleaning, analysis, and visualization, employing descriptive statistics, regression models, correlation analysis, and reliability tests.

RESULTS: A total of 2,203 students participated in this study, with a marginal female dominance of 1,230 (55.8%). The mean (SD) overall maladaptive trait score was 1.11 (0.54), and that for the PHQ-9 was 11.7 (6.0). Statistical analysis revealed that higher depression scores were more strongly associated with females than with males, whereas maladaptive trait scores revealed no significant sex differences. The linear regression model for maladaptive trait domains revealed a significant association between total PHQ-9 scores and overall personality trait scores (B = 0.05 [0.05, 0.06]; β = 0.61 [0.58, 0.64]; p < 0.001). Similarly, another regression model confirmed this association, with overall personality trait scores being statistically significant (B = 7.0 [6.6, 7.3]; β = 0.62 [0.59, 0.65]; p < 0.001)”.

CONCLUSION: Our findings revealed a significant correlation between maladaptive personality traits and depression in medical students. Moreover, the strong correlation between depression and negative affect suggests that negative affect may be closely linked to depressive symptoms. Further research is needed to understand the relationship between maladaptive trait domains and depression and how that relationship affects vulnerable groups such as medical students.

PMID:40336124 | DOI:10.1186/s40359-025-02784-z

Arch Public Health. 2025 May 7;83(1):124. doi: 10.1186/s13690-025-01606-3.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Self-reporting is a common approach in observational epidemiological studies. However, information can be biased by several causes and can, therefore, affect the outcomes of the investigations. This analysis aimed to evaluate the agreement between self-reported data from a population-based cohort study with data from two large German health insurance companies.

METHODS: Participants with available self-reported diagnoses of a history of stroke, atrial fibrillation (AF), heart failure (HF), and myocardial infarction (MI) from the baseline and the follow-up (after six years) surveys of the prospective population-based LIFE-Adult study were included in this study. Two health insurance companies provided ICD-10-GM codes. The agreement between the self-reports and health insurance data (HID) was examined by calculating sensitivity, specificity, Cohen`s Kappa, positive and negative predictive values. We used multivariable logistic regression models to examine whether odds ratios (OR) for the association between risk factors and the certain disease changed, depending on whether self-reports or HID was used as the dependent variable.

RESULTS: One thousand seven hundred eighty four individuals with complete data were included in this interim analysis. Mean age was 58 (SD±12) years and 984 (55%) were female. 52 (2.9%) subjects reported a history of stroke, 99 (5.6%) AF, 63 (3.5%) HF, and 46 (2.6%) MI. Compared with the HID, a high specificity was found for all four diagnoses (stroke: 99% [95% CI 99.3-99.9]; AF: 99% [95% CI 98.1-99.2], HF: 98% [95% CI 97.6-98.9], and MI: 99% [95% CI 98.9-99.7]). Sensitivity ranged from 58% (95% CI 47.4-69.5) for stroke over 61% (95% CI 48.8-74.0) for MI, to 65% (95% CI 56.6-73.9) for AF. Sensitivity in HF was the lowest (20% [95% CI 14.4-26.5]).

CONCLUSION: The use of German health insurance data is a feasible method for verifying population-based self-reported diagnoses. The sensitivity varied among the self-reported diseases compared with the health insurance data, whereas the specificity was continuously high. The verification of self-reported diagnoses using health insurance data as an additional data source may be considered in future population-based assessments to reduce misclassification error of self-reported data.

PMID:40336119 | DOI:10.1186/s13690-025-01606-3

J Anim Sci Biotechnol. 2025 May 7;16(1):64. doi: 10.1186/s40104-025-01199-5.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Insect meals have been identified as innovative and sustainable feedstuffs that could be used in ruminant nutrition. However, current research on the effects that their processing may have on rumen digestibility and fatty acid (FA) biohydrogenation is scant. This trial aims to investigate the effects (i) of drying temperature of full-fat Hermetia illucens (HI) and Tenebrio molitor (TM) meals, and (ii) of residual ether extract (EE) content of defatted HI and TM meals, on their fermentation characteristics and FA of rumen digesta after 24-h in vitro rumen incubation.

METHODS: The tested full-fat meals included four HI and four TM meals obtained applying drying temperatures ranging from 30 °C to 70 °C, while the tested defatted meals consisted of five HI and two TM meals containing a residual EE content ranging from 4.7 to 19.7 g EE/100 g dry matter (DM). The applied statistical models (GLM ANOVA) tested the effects of insect species, drying temperature (full-fat meals) or EE content (defatted meals), and their interaction.

RESULTS: Drying temperature had minor effects on in vitro ruminal digestibility and FA profile of rumen digesta. Irrespective of insect species, increasing the drying temperature led to a reduction of in vitro degradation of proteins from insect meals, as outlined by the significant decrease in ammonia production (-0.009 mmol/g DM and -0.126 g/100 g total N for each additional 1 °C). Irrespective of insect species, defatting increased total gas, volatile fatty acids (VFA) and CH₄ productions, and the proportions of total saturated and branched-chain FA in rumen digesta (+0.038 mmol/g DM, +0.063 mmol/g DM, +12.9 µmol/g DM, +0.18 g/100 g FA, and +0.19 g/100 g FA for each reduced 1 g EE/100 g DM, respectively), and reduced the proportion of total PUFA (-0.12 g/100 g FA).

CONCLUSIONS: The applied drying temperatures of full-fat insect meals are too low to exert impactful effects on rumen digestibility and FA biohydrogenation. Fat lowered fermentation activity, probably because of an inhibitory effect on rumen microbiota. The increased ruminal digestibility of defatted insect meals suggests that they can be more suitable to be used in ruminant nutrition than full-fat ones.

PMID:40336112 | DOI:10.1186/s40104-025-01199-5

Arch Public Health. 2025 May 7;83(1):120. doi: 10.1186/s13690-025-01605-4.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: This study used Thai Cohort Study (TCS) data to investigate the spatial and sociodemographic determinants of multimorbidity (two or more chronic conditions coexistence on one person) prevalence in Thailand in 2013.

METHODS: Crude and age-adjusted prevalence were calculated for each province. Hotspot analysis was conducted to identify regions with statistically significant hotspots and cold spots, including areas without significant clustering. Then, ordinal logistic regression was used to identify sociodemographic background variables that predict hotpots.

RESULTS: The highest age-adjusted provincial level prevalence of multimorbidity was in Sing Buri (18.26%). Sak Lek District in Phichit Province also had the highest age-adjusted district level prevalence of multimorbidity at 37.13%. The cold spots region in crude and age-adjusted prevalence of multimorbidity were clustered in Southern Thailand. Forty-eight districts were identified as hotspots in both crude and age-adjusted multimorbidity prevalence, 19 of which are in Bangkok (the capital). Population density (person/km², odd ratio, provincial level: OR:1.00, 95% CI: 1.00-1.01; district level: OR: 1.01, 95% CI: 1.00-1.01), Aging index (provincial level: OR:1.03, 95% CI: 1.01-1.04; district level: OR: 1.01, 95% CI: 1.00-1.01), and average educational years (provincial level: OR:1.92, 95% CI: 1.07-3.48; district level: OR: 1.27, 95% CI: 1.02-2.26) were greater in hot spots areas.

CONCLUSION: This study shows that the prevalence of multimorbidity in Thailand is positively correlated with the degree of development of the region. Spatial cluster analysis provides new evidence for policymakers to design tailored interventions to target multimorbidity and allocate health resources to areas of unmet need.

PMID:40336103 | DOI:10.1186/s13690-025-01605-4

BMC Med Educ. 2025 May 7;25(1):670. doi: 10.1186/s12909-025-07042-9.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Approximately half of all adverse events occur in the operating room, highlighting the critical role of non-technical skills in operating rooms. Effective non-technical skills among operating room nurses can significantly reduce the occurrence of such events. Moreover, self-efficacy in non-technical skills may directly impact professional performance and patient safety. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the impact of intraoperative non-technical skills training on scrub practitioners’ self-efficacy.

METHODS: In a randomized controlled trial, 30 scrub practitioners were assigned to the intervention group and 30 to the control group through random allocation. The intervention group underwent training in non-technical skills using a combined technique of lectures and simulated video scenarios delivered in two two-hour training sessions. Meanwhile, the control group received no training. The data collection tool was a two-part questionnaire. The first part collected demographic data (age, gender, work experience, and educational level), while the second part assessed scrub practitioners’ self-efficacy in intraoperative non-technical skills. The questionnaire was administered online in two phases, with a one-month interval between them, through the Telegram application to the participants in both groups. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent t-tests, and paired t-tests.

RESULTS: The demographic variables of the intervention group did not show significant differences compared to the control group. The independent t-test revealed no significant difference in overall self-efficacy between the intervention and control groups before the training (P = 0.513). However, after the training, a statistically significant difference was observed (P = 0.025). There were no significant differences among the self-efficacy components between the intervention and control groups before the training (P > 0.05). However, after the training, self-efficacy in the two skills of situation awareness and communication and teamwork showed statistically significant differences (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSION: Non-technical skills are crucial for scrub practitioners to perform their tasks safely and efficiently. Training can enhance the self-efficacy of scrub practitioners in their non-technical skills. Therefore, it is necessary to incorporate non-technical skills training into the educational curriculum and continuing education programs for scrub practitioners.

TRIAL REGISTRATION: The IRCT code (IRCT20150715023216N15) was obtained from the Iranian Clinical Trials Registry website on 2023/08/05 before sampling.

PMID:40336089 | DOI:10.1186/s12909-025-07042-9