Tag: nevin manimala

J Diabetes Metab Disord. 2025 May 3;24(1):112. doi: 10.1007/s40200-025-01627-3. eCollection 2025 Jun.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Undesirable adherence to treatment is one of most important challenges in the control and treatment of type 2 diabetes. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of determining the level of adherence to treatment and factors affecting it among patients with type 2 diabetes in Tehran.

METHODS: This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in 2023 on 117 patients with diabetes referred to Imam Khomeini Hospital in Tehran. The data collection tool was the Hill-Bone Medication Adherence Scale (HB-MAS), which was completed by the participants. Version 16 SPSS and descriptive analysis at the statistical level of 0.05 were used to analyze the data.

RESULTS: The mean age of the participants in this research was 45.06 ± 8.48 years. The results showed that 41.03% of the participants had the desirable treatment adherence and 58.97% had the undesirable treatment adherence. A significant relationship was observed between the compliance of patients with the variables of gender, level of education and job status (P < 0.05); But the variables of age, duration of illness and type of treatment had no significant relationship with treatment adherence.

CONCLUSION: The findings showed that the level of adherence to treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes in Tehran is not undesirable. It is better for the treatment team to take more effective measures to improve the awareness of patients in adherence to treatment. Planners and policy makers should also take more effective measures to empower patients to access health services.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40200-025-01627-3.

PMID:40331156 | PMC:PMC12049342 | DOI:10.1007/s40200-025-01627-3

Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2025 Apr 22;16:1544823. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2025.1544823. eCollection 2025.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) and elevated high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) have been identified as risk factors for heart failure (HF) in some studies. However, little was known about the co-exposure of MetS and inflammation to HF. We aimed to investigate the combined effect of MetS and high hs-CRP levels on the risk of incident HF.

METHODS: The study included 94,841 participants without HF selected from the Kailuan cohort in 2006 (the baseline) and then followed up until 31 December 2020. Participants were divided into four groups based on the presence of MetS and high hs-CRP levels (>3mg/L) at baseline: MetS-CRP- (n=53,937), MetS-CRP+ (n=10,338), MetS+CRP- (n=23,521), MetS+CRP+ (n=7,045). Cox regression models were used to analyze the association of MetS and inflammation with the risk of HF. Statistical significance was defined as a two-tailed P value < 0.05.

RESULTS: The mean age of the participants was 51.5 ± 12.5 years, and 75,976 (80.0%) were male. During 13.1 years of follow-up, 3,058 participants were diagnosed with HF. The HF incidence rate of four groups were 1.69/1000pys, 2.95/1000pys, 3.27/1000pys, 5.33/1000pys. The HR for MetS-CRP+, MetS+CRP-, and MetS+CRP+ were 1.29 (95% CI, 1.15-1.45), 1.40 (95% CI, 1.29-1.53), and 1.85 (95% CI, 1.65-2.06), respectively, compared with MetS-CRP-. After stratification by age (p for interaction < 0.01), compared with the MetS-CRP- group, the HR of the MetS+CRP+ group was 2.17 (95% CI, 1.83-2.57) in participants with < 60 years and 1.53 (95% CI, 1.32-1.78) in participants with ≥ 60 years. There was an interaction between groups and ues of antihypertension medication (p for interaction <0.01). Compared with MetS-CRP-, the risk of HF in the MetS+CRP+ group was increased 1.38-fold (95% CI, 1.12-1.70) in participants with antihypertension medication use and 2.00-fold (95% CI, 1.75-2.27) in participants without antihypertension medication use.

CONCLUSIONS: The combination of MetS and elevated hs-CRP was associated with increased risk of HF in the Chinese population.

CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: https://www.chictr.org.cn, identifier ChiCTR-TNRC-11001489.

PMID:40331143 | PMC:PMC12053502 | DOI:10.3389/fendo.2025.1544823

Clin Transl Radiat Oncol. 2025 Apr 19;53:100965. doi: 10.1016/j.ctro.2025.100965. eCollection 2025 Jul.

ABSTRACT

MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 100 patients with LACC who underwent definitive CCRT with IMRT/VMAT technique followed by 3D-IGABT. MRI-based contouring included T2WI and DWI images for primary tumor (GTVp) and lymph nodes (GTVn). The contours were imported to MIM software to extract first-order radiomic features. Radiomic values from pre-treatment (PreRx), pre-brachytherapy (PreBT), differences between PreRx and PreBT (Diff) radiomic and clinical factors were analyzed using univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis. Predictive models of PFS, LRFS, DMFS, and OS were created along with the optimism index and calibration plot.

RESULTS: The median follow-up time was 24.5 months. The 2-year of PFS, LRFS, DMFS, and OS rates were 71, 88.6, 83.1, and 83.5 %, respectively. For all clinical outcomes, CF + RF combined from PreRx and PreBT resulted in the highest Harrell’s C-index compared with the CF or RF alone. Compare with Diff models, models from PreRx and PreBT resulted in higher Harrell’s C-index. The C-indexes from the CF + RF model from PreRx and PreBT for PFS, LRFS, DMFS, and OS were 0.739, 0.873, 0.830 and 0.967 with the optimism indexes of 0.312, 0.381, 0.316, and 0.242, respectively.

CONCLUSION: Radiomic features from the first-order statistics added values to clinical factors to predict the outcomes after CCRT. The highest prediction model performance was for the combined clinical and radiomics from PreRx and PreBT.

PMID:40331124 | PMC:PMC12051114 | DOI:10.1016/j.ctro.2025.100965

Front Public Health. 2025 Apr 22;13:1526309. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2025.1526309. eCollection 2025.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: South Africa, like most developing countries, made some efforts to attain the Sustainable Development Goals by endeavoring to reduce individuals’ susceptibility to socio-economic hardships. However, the COVID-19 pandemic eroded most of those efforts. In this seemingly helpless situation, it is apparent that the coronavirus has compromised the commendable strides made toward achieving some of the efforts toward attaining some of these Sustainable Development Goals. This article, therefore, analyses the socioeconomic conditions exacerbated by COVID-19 on the East Coast of South Africa.

METHODOLOGY: The study adopted a quantitative research-method approach to quantify this socio-economic disparities and applied, descriptive statistics, chi-squared test of independence, and regression to analyse the data collected using a semi-structured questionnaire survey at a rural community in the Eastern Cape of South Africa. Simple random sampling was adopted for this study and Statistical Package for Social Scientists was used to analyse the data collected.

RESULTS: There was no significant relationship when the question of whether the municipality has adequately implemented measures to ensure the socio-economic protection of communities was regressed with other 3 Likert scale questions (χ² = 95.98; df = 77; P = 0.07; R ² = 38.0%). A series of Chi-square tests did not reveal any statistically significant difference in five demographic variables and the variables they were correlated with (P > 0.05). However, there was a statistically significant difference between most questions relating to the effectiveness of the COVID-19 response strategies the municipality employed and participants’ response to unmet community social needs (X² = 35.754; df = 14; P = 0.001).

DISCUSSIONS AND CONCLUSIONS: This study, therefore, revealed that social significance does not necessarily mean statistically significant following the results of the insignificant chi-squared test for the socio-economic and demographic variables. This study also sheds light on the profound impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the socioeconomic landscape of the East Coast of South Africa. Despite commendable strides toward achieving Sustainable Development Goals aimed at reducing vulnerabilities to socio-economic hardships, the pandemic has presented daunting challenges, disrupting progress and exacerbating existing inequalities coupled with efforts of the study Municipalities strategies.

PMID:40331120 | PMC:PMC12053281 | DOI:10.3389/fpubh.2025.1526309

Front Public Health. 2025 Apr 22;13:1454037. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2025.1454037. eCollection 2025.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: With accelerated population aging in China, older adult services and long-term care for people with disabilities are becoming serious problems. Currently, mobilizing and allocating social resources, establishing reasonable financing mechanisms to address the growing demand for long-term care for those with disabilities, and ensuring the sustainable operation of long-term care insurance financing mechanism are vital.

METHODS: Taking Nanning, China, as an example, based on the Nanning Statistical Yearbook and relevant policy documents of government departments such as the medical care and security department, we use the PADIS-INT model and the International Labour Organization financing model(ILO Model) to estimate the contribution levels of Nanning’s residents’ long-term care insurance for the years of 2025, 2030, and 2035, and analyze the feasibility of the government’s and rural and urban residents’ individual contribution burden.

RESULTS: The average annual contribution amount of long-term care insurance for urban and rural residents will increase from 108.80 yuan in 2025 to 202.71 yuan in 2035. According to the sharing method, in which the government and individuals each bear 50% of the financing responsibility for long-term care insurance, the proportion of the government’s financial responsibility for the cost of long-term care insurance for urban and rural residents to the current year”s financial income will be 0.34, 0.42, and 0.50% in 2025, 2030, and 2035, respectively, and the amount of money that can be used by individual urban and rural residents to pay premiums from 2025 to 2035 will range from 10.7 to 16 thousand yuan.

CONCLUSION: The finding shows that both the government and urban and rural residents can afford to pay future long-term care insurance costs; however, the long-term care insurance contributions of individual urban and rural residents in Nanning remain high. Hence, the Nanning municipal government should improve the awareness and participation rate of urban and rural residents in long-term care insurance; scientifically measure the financing level of long-term care insurance; establish a multichannel, scientifically reasonable, and dynamically adjusted long-term care insurance financing mechanism; and maintain the sustainable operation of the financing mechanism of long-term care insurance in Nanning.

PMID:40331119 | PMC:PMC12052943 | DOI:10.3389/fpubh.2025.1454037

Front Public Health. 2025 Apr 22;13:1568486. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2025.1568486. eCollection 2025.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Healthcare professionals play a critical role in providing affirmative care to gay and lesbian patients. However, their attitudes and practices can vary significantly depending on cultural and educational contexts. This study aimed to evaluate differences in affirmative practices among healthcare professionals in Poland and Spain, focusing on their approach to these patient groups, utilizing the Gay Affirmative Practice (GAP) Scale, as well as identifying key factors influencing these practices.

METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted among healthcare professionals in Poland and Spain using the GAP Scale, which assesses beliefs and behaviors toward gay and lesbian patients. Data collection included 495 participants, with 205 from Spain and 290 from Poland. Descriptive statistics, Mann-Whitney tests, and multivariate regression analyses were used to identify factors associated with affirmative practices.

RESULTS: Spanish participants scored significantly higher on both the beliefs and behaviors scales compared to Polish participants (p < 0.001 and p = 0.009, respectively). Gender of healthcare providers was a significant factor in both groups, with women demonstrating more affirmative beliefs than men. In the Polish group, being male was associated with a decrease in the belief scale score by an average of 6.572 points (regression coefficient = -6.572, p < 0.001), while attending LGBT-related training 1-2 times was associated with an increase of 5.356 points on the belief scale (regression coefficient = 5.356, p = 0.039). No significant independent predictors were identified for behaviors in the Polish group, as all p-values exceeded 0.05.

CONCLUSION: Spanish healthcare professionals showed more affirmative practices toward gay and lesbian patients than their Polish counterparts. Sex and gay and lesbian related training influenced beliefs, with male sex linked to lower affirmative practice in Poland. These findings highlight the need for systematic integration of gay and lesbian specific training into healthcare education programs to foster cultural competence and reduce disparities in patient care.

PMID:40331116 | PMC:PMC12053289 | DOI:10.3389/fpubh.2025.1568486

Front Public Health. 2025 Apr 22;13:1550741. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2025.1550741. eCollection 2025.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Cardiopulmonary fitness is associated with several physical health indicators in children and adolescents and has shown a downward trend in recent years. The 20-m SRT has received widespread attention from scholars as a recognized indirect measure for evaluating cardiopulmonary fitness. However, few studies have analyzed the association between the weight-adjusted waist index (WWI), a novel indicator, and cardiopulmonary fitness in Chinese children and adolescents.

METHODS: In this study, 41,523 children and adolescents aged 6-17 years in China were assessed for weight, waist circumference, 20-m SRT, and related covariates. One-way ANOVA, LSD, and curvilinear regression analyses were used to analyze the associations that existed between WWI and 20-m SRT.

RESULTS: Comparison of WWI and 20-m SRT scores among Chinese children and adolescents of different ages showed statistically significant differences (F-values of 2179.297 and 4956.795, respectively, p < 0.001). Overall, the 20-m SRT scores of both boys and girls showed a general trend of increasing with age, with a maximum of 48.78 laps and 31.17 laps in the age group of 15-17 years, respectively. The differences in 20-m SRT scores were statistically significant (p < 0.001) when compared between different WWI groups. Both lower and higher WWI resulted in lower 20-m SRT scores, more significantly in boys compared to girls.

CONCLUSION: There is an inverted “U” curve relationship between WWI and 20-m SRT in Chinese children and adolescents aged 6-17 years, and this relationship is reflected in different genders and age groups. In the future, we should ensure that the WWI of children and adolescents is within a reasonable range to better promote cardiopulmonary fitness.

PMID:40331112 | PMC:PMC12052561 | DOI:10.3389/fpubh.2025.1550741

Front Nutr. 2025 Apr 22;12:1582576. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2025.1582576. eCollection 2025.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Colored onions are favored by consumers due to their distinctive aroma, rich phytochemical content, and diverse biological activities. However, comprehensive analyses of their phytochemical profiles and volatile metabolites remain limited.

METHODS: In this study, total phenols, flavonoids, anthocyanins, carotenoids, and antioxidant activities of three colored onion bulbs were evaluated. Volatile metabolites were identified using headspace solid-phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME/GC-MS). Multivariate statistical analyses, feature selection techniques (SelectKBest, LASSO), and machine learning models were applied to further analyze and classify the metabolite profiles.

RESULTS: Significant differences in phytochemical composition and antioxidant activities were observed among the three onion types. A total of 243 volatile metabolites were detected, with sulfur compounds accounting for 51-64%, followed by organic acids and their derivatives (4-19%). Multivariate analysis revealed distinct volatile profiles, and 19 key metabolites were identified as biomarkers. Additionally, 33 and 38 feature metabolites were selected by SelectKBest and LASSO, respectively. The 38 features selected by LASSO enabled clear differentiation of onion types via PCA, UMAP, and k-means clustering. Among the four machine learning models tested, the random forest model achieved the highest classification accuracy (1.00). SHAP analysis further confirmed 20 metabolites as potential key markers.

CONCLUSION: The findings suggest that the combination of HS-SPME/GC-MS and machine learning, particularly the random forest algorithm, is a powerful approach for characterizing and classifying volatile metabolite profiles in colored onions. This method holds potential for quality assessment and breeding applications.

PMID:40331096 | PMC:PMC12052541 | DOI:10.3389/fnut.2025.1582576

Front Nutr. 2025 Apr 22;12:1551760. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2025.1551760. eCollection 2025.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The global impact of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19 (has highlighted the necessity of understanding factors influencing its severity and hospitalization duration. While a balanced diet is crucial for immune support, the role of dietary fats in this context has not been well understood. This study explored associations between the quality and quantity of fatty acids and severity and the length of hospitalization in COVID-19 patients in 2022.

METHOD: This cross-sectional study included 107 COVID-19 patients aged 20-60 years who were hospitalized at Amir Alam Hospital in Tehran, Iran. Dietary fat intake was assessed using 24 h food recall. Data on symptoms were collected using a demographic questionnaire and verified against their hospital records. Linear and binary logistic regressions were employed for statistical analysis.

RESULT: A higher omega 6/omega 3(N6/N3) ratio was linked to increased odds of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) and elevated D-dimer levels, while correlating with lower odds of fever. While RDS odds increased over Vit E/polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) ratio tertiles, chills decreased. [PUFA + monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA)]/saturated fatty acid (SFA) ratio was associated with reduced odds of chest pain, duration of hospitalization (DH) time, c-reactive protein (CRP), and D-dimer levels. Furthermore, PUFA intake was negatively associated with odds of poor appetite, RDS, and headaches, whereas SFA intake was positively associated with odds of fever. Additionally, there was a positive correlation between cholesterol-saturated index (CSI) levels and DH time (P < 0.7).

CONCLUSION: Our findings indicate that higher N6/N3 and VitE/PUFA ratios were associated with increased RDS and D-dimer levels, while the VitE/PUFA ratio was linked to reduced chills. Higher (PUFA + MUFA)/SFA ratios were associated with lower chest pain, DH, CRP, and D-dimer levels. While higher PUFA intake was related to reduced poor appetite, RDS, and headache, higher SFA intake was linked to increased fever. Additionally, there was a positive association between CSI levels and DH. Current findings indicate that the quality and balance of dietary fats may play a crucial role in modulating inflammatory responses and clinical outcomes.

PMID:40331093 | PMC:PMC12052533 | DOI:10.3389/fnut.2025.1551760

Brain Commun. 2025 Apr 19;7(3):fcaf157. doi: 10.1093/braincomms/fcaf157. eCollection 2025.

ABSTRACT

Low-grade gliomas are infiltrative brain tumors that can lead to significant neurological deficits due to their invasive nature. The prevailing belief is that low-grade gliomas primarily disseminate along white matter tracts, but quantitative in vivo evidence supporting this concept is lacking. Clarifying their true growth patterns is essential for optimizing therapeutic strategies. We conducted a quantitative analysis of tumor growth patterns in a longitudinal cohort of 43 untreated patients with unigyral World Health Organization grade 2 or 3 gliomas, stratified by their anatomical locations within the neocortex, mesocortex and allocortex. Serial MRI scans were used to generate vector deformation fields, providing detailed three-dimensional representations of tumor evolution over time. These vector deformation fields were compared with diffusion tensor imaging data to assess the alignment of tumor growth with white matter pathways. Quantitative analysis revealed that low-grade gliomas do not predominantly expand along white matter tracts. Instead, they remain confined within specific anatomical boundaries, in respect to their topology of origin. Angular measurements and heat map analysis indicated that tumor growth is directed towards the subventricular zone and may follow their respective radial units. These consistent observations across different anatomical regions challenge the traditional model of glioma progression, suggesting that early-stage glioma expansion is closely governed by ontogenetic factors. In conclusion, this study provides the first quantitative evidence that phenotypical low-grade gliomas do not primarily follow white matter tracts but may instead be influenced by ontogenetic mechanisms. These insights necessitate a re-evaluation of existing models of glioma progression and underscore the importance of incorporating developmental aspects into treatment planning to enhance patient outcomes.

PMID:40331092 | PMC:PMC12053163 | DOI:10.1093/braincomms/fcaf157