Tag: nevin manimala

Lasers Med Sci. 2026 Aug 13;41(1):188. doi: 10.1007/s10103-026-04981-7.

ABSTRACT

Purpose the increasing demand for aesthetic dental treatments has made in-office tooth bleaching a popular and minimally invasive procedure. However, bleaching may alter enamel surface roughness, potentially increasing plaque retention and discoloration. Laser activation has been proposed as a safer alternative. This study compared the effects of conventional bleaching, LED activation, and different laser systems (Diode, KTP, Nd-YAG, and CO₂) on enamel surface roughness. Methods sixty freshly extracted human anterior teeth were selected. Samples were randomly assigned to conventional bleaching (without light activation), LED bleaching, and laser bleaching groups, including KTP, Diode, Nd-YAG, and CO2 lasers (n = 10). Pre-treatment surface roughness evaluation was done for all samples. Samples were treated with Opalescence Xtra Boost (Ultradent, USA) for the control group and JW Power Bleaching Gel (Heydent GmbH, Germany) for other groups. Surface roughness was evaluated after bleaching in all groups. Kruskal-Wallis test and Two-Way ANOVA were done to statistically analyze study data, using GraphPad Prism v9, and P-values lower than 0.05 were considered significant. Results LED caused significantly greater surface roughness change compared to bleaching without light (P = 0.0236). Laser-activated groups did not differ significantly from the conventional group or from each other. In the middle third, LED activation resulted in significantly higher roughness compared with the KTP laser (P = 0.029). Conclusion LED activation resulted in greater roughness changes, particularly in the middle third of enamel, while laser activation generally preserved enamel surface integrity, compared to the conventional group.

PMID:42593532 | DOI:10.1007/s10103-026-04981-7

Eur Spine J. 2026 Aug 13. doi: 10.1007/s00586-026-10247-1. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Osteoporotic vertebral fractures (OVF) present varying treatment challenges depending on fracture severity, stability, and patient characteristics. While the OF classification system guides treatment decisions, gender differences in OVF management and outcomes remain underexplored.

RESEARCH QUESTION: How do treatment strategies and clinical outcomes differ between genders?

METHODS: This secondary analysis utilized prospective data from the German multicenter EOFTT study, including 518 patients (390 females, 128 males) treated for thoracolumbar OVF. Outcomes assessed included adherence to OF score recommendations, pain levels, functional performance (Timed Up & Go test, Barthel Index, Oswestry Disability Index), and rates of anti-osteoporotic therapy (aoTh). Statistical analyses included generalized linear mixed models and repeated-measures general linear models, with therapy type as a covariate.

RESULTS: Gender did not influence overall treatment choice; however, men more frequently underwent instrumentation, while women received augmentation procedures. AoTh administration was significantly lower in men at discharge (72% vs. 82%, p = 0.017) and follow-up (71% vs. 89%, p < 0.001). Both genders showed significant improvements in pain, mobility, and functional outcomes over time (p < 0.001), with no gender-specific differences. Adherence to OF score recommendations was 61% with no gender disparity.

DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Although gender had minimal influence on pain and functional recovery, marked differences in surgical strategies and the administration of anti-osteoporotic therapy underscore potential disparities in the surgical treatment of women and the management of osteoporosis in men. Addressing these disparities through tailored screening, optimized adherence to guidelines, and individualized treatment strategies may improve outcomes in OVF management.

PMID:42593510 | DOI:10.1007/s00586-026-10247-1

Eur Radiol. 2026 Aug 13. doi: 10.1007/s00330-026-12798-9. Online ahead of print.

NO ABSTRACT

PMID:42593502 | DOI:10.1007/s00330-026-12798-9

Eur Radiol. 2026 Aug 13. doi: 10.1007/s00330-026-12786-z. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: The sensitivity of mammographic screening is lower for women with mammographically dense vs fatty breasts. We aimed to explore automated mammographic breast density and malignancy risk scores generated by an artificial intelligence (AI) model for breast cancer detection, stratified by mammography vendor.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: This retrospective study included information from 200,000 examinations within BreastScreen Norway. An automated volumetric breast density (VBD) assessment and risk scores were obtained from a commercial AI model. The continuous VBD output from the AI model was categorized into four groups, VBD 1-4, with 15%, 40%, 40%, and 5% of the examinations in each group for exam level and for right and left breast. Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) for breast cancer detection was calculated using a continuous AI risk score. Analyses were performed for exam-level and breast-level measures.

RESULTS: At exam level, the difference in AUC estimates between the VBD groups was statistically significant, with the highest AUC observed for VBD 1 (0.955, 95% CI: 0.937-0.992) and lowest for VBD 4 (0.857, 95% CI: 0.803-0.910). Stratified by vendor, 3.3% and 6.7% were classified as VBD 4 for A vs B. At breast level, 18.5% of the examinations were classified with different VBD groups for the right and left breast.

CONCLUSION: Despite high AUC estimates across all VBD groups and the potential advantages of an automated density assessment, several factors, such as vendor and breast vs exam level, must be carefully considered before implementing automated density measures in screening programs.

KEY POINTS: Question What are the benefits and drawbacks of mammographic density assessment using an AI model for breast cancer detection? Findings The AI model’s performance for cancer detection was promising but decreased with increasing density category. Density distribution varied by equipment vendor and examination level. Clinical relevance AI risk assessment at the current examination was promising despite the variation by mammographic density. However, discrepancies in density by equipment vendors and examination level highlight the need for careful consideration before use in risk-stratified screening.

PMID:42593501 | DOI:10.1007/s00330-026-12786-z

Eur Radiol. 2026 Aug 13. doi: 10.1007/s00330-026-12792-1. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the prognostic significance of whole-body diffusion-weighted imaging (WBDWI)-derived metrics, including total diffusion volume (TDV) and global apparent diffusion coefficient (gADC), in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC).

MATERIALS AND METHODS: This retrospective single-centre study included patients with mCRPC and bone-predominant disease who underwent whole-body MRI (WBMRI) prior to the start of a new treatment. Bone lesions were segmented on b900 DWI using an AI-assisted tool with radiologist refinement, and TDV and gADC were extracted. Automated bone scan index (aBSI) was calculated when bone scintigraphy was available. Clinical and laboratory parameters were recorded. Overall survival (OS) was the primary endpoint. Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox regression models were used to assess prognostic associations.

RESULTS: Among 360 patients, higher TDV was associated with significantly shorter OS (median OS: 13.2 vs 33.4 months; p < 0.001), whereas gADC showed no significant association. In multivariable analysis including patients with WBMRI and bone scintigraphy (n = 182), log-TDV (HR 1.20; p = 0.027), LDH > 500 U/L (HR 7.79; p < 0.001) and ALP between 200 and 400 U/L (HR 1.78; p = 0.019) were independently associated with OS, while aBSI was not. In patients without aBSI data (n = 85), log-TDV remained prognostic (HR 1.60; p < 0.001), whereas LDH and ALP were not.

CONCLUSION: TDV derived from WBDWI independently predicts OS in mCRPC and demonstrates stronger prognostic performance than aBSI and conventional laboratory markers in multivariable models, whereas gADC was not prognostic.

KEY POINTS: QuestionThere is no widely adopted quantitative imaging biomarker for prognostic stratification in mCRPC. Can whole-body diffusion-weighted MRI-derived metrics improve prognostic risk stratification in patients with bone metastases? FindingsHigher TDV of bone disease on baseline whole-body diffusion-weighted MRI was independently associated with shorter OS in patients with mCRPC. Clinical relevance Whole-body diffusion-weighted MRI-derived tumour volume may provide a practical quantitative imaging biomarker for prognostic stratification in mCRPC, potentially supporting individualised treatment planning.

PMID:42593500 | DOI:10.1007/s00330-026-12792-1

Eur Radiol. 2026 Aug 13. doi: 10.1007/s00330-026-12793-0. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To compare reading time, cancer detection rate (CDR), and abnormal interpretation rate (AIR) between AI-assisted and non-AI-assisted periods in screening and diagnostic mammography performed in routine clinical practice.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: We prospectively collected reading times for consecutive two-view full-field digital mammography interpreted by four radiologists between August 2023 and July 2024. Both screening and diagnostic examinations were included. A commercially available AI system was integrated into the clinical workflow, with results displayed or hidden on a monthly basis. Reading time, CDR, and AIR were compared between two periods. For reading time analysis, a subset of 2917 examinations with times ≤ 5 min was included to minimize the impact of non-interpretive interruptions. Reading time was extracted from the PACS log.

RESULTS: Among 4577 mammography examinations (mean age 51.7 ± 10.4 years), the overall CDR was higher during the AI-assisted period (22.3 vs 11.5 per 1000; p = 0.005). AIR did not differ for screening mammography (9.5% vs 8.4%; p = 0.293) but was higher with AI assistance for diagnostic mammography (18.7% vs 12.1%; p = 0.026). Mean reading times were comparable between AI-assisted and non-AI-assisted periods (65.0 vs 64.3 s; p = 0.723).

CONCLUSION: AI assistance in routine mammography interpretation was not associated with prolonged reading time and was associated with a higher overall CDR.

KEY POINTS: Question Does artificial intelligence assistance in routine mammography affect radiologists’ reading time, cancer detection, or abnormal interpretation in daily practice? Findings Artificial intelligence assistance was not associated with prolonged reading time and was associated with a higher overall cancer detection rate. Abnormal interpretation increased only for diagnostic examinations, with no difference in screening examinations. Clinical relevance AI assistance may support screening mammography by aiding cancer detection without disrupting workflow, whereas diagnostic use should be applied carefully due to higher abnormal interpretation rates.

PMID:42593499 | DOI:10.1007/s00330-026-12793-0

Eur Radiol. 2026 Aug 13. doi: 10.1007/s00330-026-12712-3. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: To analyze the factors for predicting 1-year outcomes and optimize surgical planning for Meso-Rex bypass (MRB) in children with extrahepatic portal vein obstruction (EHPVO).

MATERIALS AND METHODS: From October 2014 to July 2024, children with EHPVO after MRB were retrospectively analyzed. The number of MRB, the type of bypass vessel, and the position of the lower anastomosis were collected. Predictive variables include the diameter of the connection between the left and right portal veins, the Rex vein (RV) diameter, the number of RV branches, the diameter of the thickest RV branch, and the bypass-to-superior mesenteric vein (SMV) angle, which were measured by Contrast-enhanced CT (CECT) one week after MRB. The upper and lower anastomotic stenosis were diagnosed by Ultrasound and CECT one year after MRB.

RESULTS: A total of 153 children (median age 72 months, 87 males) were included in this study. Univariate factors include the number of MRBs, the type of bypass vessel, and CECT variables (except the diameter of the thickest RV branch). Numbers of MRB and RV branches were retained in the final model for upper anastomotic stenosis. The combination of MRB > 1 and RV branches ≤ 4 predicts it post-MRB with 75% sensitivity, 86.4% specificity, and an area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.832. The bypass-to-SMV angle ≤ 110° predicts lower anastomotic stenosis after MRB with 90% sensitivity, 73.39% specificity, and AUC 0.847.

CONCLUSIONS: Associated factors are useful for early postoperative risk stratification. Moreover, the type of bypass vessel and the bypass-to-SMV angle could be used to inform future surgical technique refinement.

KEY POINTS: QuestionWhich factors predict 1-year outcomes and optimize surgical planning for MRB in children with EHPVO? FindingsAssociated factors include bypass-to-SMV angle, number of MRB, RV branches and diameter, left-right portal vein connection diameter, and type of bypass vessel. Clinical RelevanceAssociated factors are useful for early postoperative risk stratification. Moreover, the internal jugular vein as the bridge vessel and the bypass-to-SMV angle > 110° could be used to optimize the surgical plan for a better outcome.

PMID:42593498 | DOI:10.1007/s00330-026-12712-3

Eur Radiol. 2026 Aug 13. doi: 10.1007/s00330-026-12784-1. Online ahead of print.

NO ABSTRACT

PMID:42593497 | DOI:10.1007/s00330-026-12784-1

Eur Radiol. 2026 Aug 13. doi: 10.1007/s00330-026-12789-w. Online ahead of print.

NO ABSTRACT

PMID:42593496 | DOI:10.1007/s00330-026-12789-w

Eur Radiol. 2026 Aug 13. doi: 10.1007/s00330-026-12785-0. Online ahead of print.

NO ABSTRACT

PMID:42593495 | DOI:10.1007/s00330-026-12785-0