Tag: nevin manimala

Genome Biol Evol. 2025 May 6:evaf080. doi: 10.1093/gbe/evaf080. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Population branch statistics, which estimate the degree of genetic differentiation along a focal population’s lineage, have been used as an alternative to FST-based genome-wide scans for identifying loci associated with local selective sweeps. Beyond the population branch statistic (PBS), the normalized PBSn1 adjusts focal branch length with respect to outgroup branch lengths at the same locus, whereas population branch excess (PBE) incorporates median branch lengths at other loci. PBSn1 and PBE were proposed to be more specific to local selective sweeps as opposed to geographically ubiquitous selection. However, the accuracy and statistical power of branch statistics have not been systematically assessed. To do so, we simulate genomes in representative large and small populations with varying proportions of sites evolving under genetic drift or (approximated) background selection, with local selective sweeps or geographically parallel selective sweeps. We then assess the probability that local selective sweep loci are correctly identified as outliers by FST and by each of the branch statistics. We find that branch statistics consistently outperform FST at identifying local sweeps. Particularly when parallel sweeps are introduced, PBSn1 and PBE correctly identify local sweeps among their top outliers more frequently than PBS. Additionally, we evaluate versions of these statistics based on maximal site differentiation within a window, finding that site-based PBE and PBSn1 are particularly effective at identifying local soft sweeps. These results validate the greater specificity of the rescaled branch statistics PBE and PBSn1 to detect population-specific positive selection, supporting their use in genomic studies focused on local adaptation.

PMID:40326284 | DOI:10.1093/gbe/evaf080

Int J Soc Psychiatry. 2025 May 6:207640251336725. doi: 10.1177/00207640251336725. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Although environmental factors have been studied for their impact on mental health, the link between ambient temperature and mental disorders remains insufficiently explored.

AIM: This study aimed to explore the relationship between ambient temperature and the frequency of emergency psychiatric consultations at the sole university hospital in Paraguay from 2021 to 2023.

METHODS: This investigation adopted a quantitative, observational, cross-sectional design, using a case-crossover approach. Data collection entailed reviewing patient records and meteorological data, focusing on the daily mean temperatures and other meteorological variables. Statistical analysis was conducted using RStudio and SPSS, applying a distributed lag non-linear model (DLNM) for a seven-day lag period. Multinomial logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) for the likelihood of specific diagnoses resulting in emergency consultations in relation to temperature exposure.

RESULTS: The analysis covered 2,186 first-time emergency psychiatric consultations, with anxiety disorders being the most frequent diagnosis (24.3%), followed by depressive disorders (23.4%) and personality disorders (15.8%). Women accounted for 70.6% of all patients. The findings indicated that higher temperatures were associated with a greater frequency of consultations for certain disorders, including bipolar (OR up to 27.12 at Lag 1) and eating disorders (OR up to 100 at Lag 1). Conversely, a negative association was observed for schizophrenia, dissociative disorders, and trauma- and stressor-related disorders as temperature increased. Additionally, a linear relationship was found between lower relative humidity and increased number of consultations.

CONCLUSIONS: The findings underscore the impact of ambient temperature on psychiatric emergency consultations, revealing that the frequency of consultations for different conditions varies with temperature. These insights could inform public health strategies to mitigate the effects of climatic variation on mental health. These findings suggest the need for targeted mental health interventions to address vulnerabilities during periods of climatic stress, particularly in resource-limited settings.

PMID:40326281 | DOI:10.1177/00207640251336725

Pharm Biol. 2025 Apr 29;63(1):357-363. doi: 10.1080/13880209.2025.2499075. Epub 2025 May 6.

ABSTRACT

CONTEXT: As a naturally occurring terpenoid found in Cannabis sativa L. (Cannabaceae), cannabidiol (CBD) has gained public and industry interest for the purposes of personal well-being as a foodstuff and pharmaceutical. Despite a number of publications on CBD toxicology, many have significant limitations, especially those relating to genotoxicity. These include poor characterization of the CBD extract and/or lack rigor in conforming to accepted regulatory guidelines and best practice. A number of regulatory agencies have highlighted these issues and requested additional genotoxicity data to help ensure the safe use of CBD.

OBJECTIVE: To provide insights into the genotoxicity of a CBD isolate and its lipid carrier.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: We have conducted an in vitro mammalian cell micronucleus (OECD 487) and a bacterial reverse mutagenicity assay (Ames test) (OECD 471) in a CBD isolate (97% > CBD) with its carrier.

RESULTS: The samples tested were non-mutagenic, as determined in the Ames test. The in vitro micronucleus assay conducted was negative for genotoxicity, with no statistically significant increases in the incidences of micronucleated cells observed at any dose compared to negative controls.

CONCLUSIONS: These studies confirm that this CBD rich isolate in combination with its carrier, are unlikely to post any genotoxic hazard at exposure levels expected in foods.

PMID:40326262 | DOI:10.1080/13880209.2025.2499075

BJOG. 2025 May 6. doi: 10.1111/1471-0528.18190. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Among women with uterine fibroids (UFs), we assess the extent to which the linzagolix effect on pain alleviation is explained by its effect on reducing heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB) and fibroid volume (FV).

DESIGN: Post hoc analysis on the pooled data from two randomised double-blind placebo-controlled phase 3 trials.

SETTING: 94 sites in the US (PRIMROSE 1 trial) and 95 sites in Europe/US (PRIMROSE 2 trial).

POPULATION: Women aged ≥ 18 years with ultrasound-confirmed UFs and HMB (n = 1012).

METHODS: Participants were randomised to linzagolix (100 mg and 200 mg, with and without hormonal add-back therapy) versus placebo. A post hoc mediation analysis was conducted on the pooled PRIMROSE 1 and PRIMROSE 2 data. The effect of linzagolix versus placebo on pain reduction was divided into three components (effect explained by HMB reduction associated with linzagolix, FV reduction associated with linzagolix, and remaining [not yet explained] treatment effect), with proportions of each component reported.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The mediation analysis outcome was clinically significant pain reduction, defined as a change of ≥ 2 pain categories from baseline to Week 24 using the Numeric Rating Scale (pain categories: no pain (0), and mild (1-3), moderate (4-6), severe pain (7-10)).

RESULTS: In the mediation analysis, 28%-51% (depending on treatment arm) of linzagolix effect on pain reduction was explained by its effect on HMB reduction, while 2%-8% was explained by its effect on FV reduction. The residual proportion ranged between 44% and 67%, depending on treatment arm, and was statistically significant only in the linzagolix 200 mg without add-back therapy arm (p = 0.002).

CONCLUSIONS: This analysis showed that reductions in pain were significantly mediated by reductions in HMB (all doses) and FV (200 mg alone) in linzagolix-treated women with UFs. Further research is needed to identify additional mediating factors.

TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03070899 and NCT03070951.

PMID:40326221 | DOI:10.1111/1471-0528.18190

Adv Mater. 2025 May 6:e2502766. doi: 10.1002/adma.202502766. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

To address the growing demand for energy and support the shift toward transportation electrification and intermittent renewable energy, there is an urgent need for low-cost, energy-dense electrical storage. Research on Li-ion electrode materials has predominantly focused on ordered materials with well-defined lithium diffusion channels, limiting cathode design to resource-constrained Ni- and Co-based oxides and lower-energy polyanion compounds. Recently, disordered rocksalts with lithium excess (DRX) have demonstrated high capacity and energy density when lithium excess and/or local ordering allow statistical percolation of lithium sites through the structure. This cation disorder can be induced by high temperature synthesis or mechanochemical synthesis methods for a broad range of compositions. DRX oxides and oxyfluorides containing Earth-abundant transition metals have been prepared using various synthesis routes, including solid-state, molten-salt, and sol-gel reactions. This review outlines DRX design principles and explains the effect of synthesis conditions on cation disorder and short-range cation ordering (SRO), which determines the cycling stability and rate capability. In addition, strategies to enhance Li transport and capacity retention with Mn-rich DRX possessing partial spinel-like ordering are discussed. Finally, the review considers the optimization of carbon and electrolyte in DRX materials and addresses key challenges and opportunities for commercializing DRX cathodes.

PMID:40326162 | DOI:10.1002/adma.202502766

J Texture Stud. 2025 Jun;56(3):e70019. doi: 10.1111/jtxs.70019.

ABSTRACT

This research focuses on the measurement of the modulus of elasticity as a key elasto-mechanical property for three Iranian rice varieties-Tarom Hashemi, Anbarbu, and Dom Siah-using macroscopic compression tests and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) at the microscopic scale. The results indicated that Anbarbu exhibited the highest modulus of elasticity, reaching 1656.940 MPa at the macroscopic level and 786.102 MPa at the microscopic level. These values represent measurements at different scales and should not be directly compared; instead, they reflect the structural resistance to deformation at each scale. Tarom Hashemi, in contrast, showed lower modulus values, with an average of 1466.263 MPa in macroscopic measurements and 697.630 MPa in microscopic measurements, indicating comparatively lower rigidity. The statistical t-test, conducted at a significance level of p < 0.05, confirmed significant differences between the macroscopic and microscopic measurements, emphasizing the importance of microscopic approaches for understanding detailed structural mechanics. These findings provide valuable insights for tailoring rice processing techniques by highlighting how the modulus of elasticity influences grain breakage and deformation, ultimately aiding in preserving grain quality during post-harvest handling and processing.

PMID:40326156 | DOI:10.1111/jtxs.70019

Zhongguo Shi Yan Xue Ye Xue Za Zhi. 2025 Apr;33(2):557-564. doi: 10.19746/j.cnki.issn.1009-2137.2025.02.037.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the efficacy and safety of decitabine-based myeloablative preconditioning regimen for allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML).

METHODS: The clinical characteristics and efficacy of 115 AML patients who underwent allo-HSCT at the First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital from August 2018 to August 2022 were retrospectively analyzed, including 37 patients treated with decitabine conditioning regimen (decitabine group) and 78 patients without decitabine conditioning regimen (non-decitabine group). The cumulative incidence of relapse (CIR), overall survival (OS), leukemia-free survival (LFS), non-relapse mortality (NRM) and graft versus host disease (GVHD) were analyzed.

RESULTS: For the patients in first complete remission (CR1) state before allo-HSCT, the 1-year relapse rates of decitabine group(22 cases) and non-decitabine group(69 cases) were 9.1% and 29.6%, respectively, the difference was statistically significant(P =0.042). The 1-year cumulative incidence of acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) in decitabine group and non-decitabine group was 62.2% and 70.5%, respectively, and the 1-year cumulative incidence of chronic inhibitor-versus-host disease (cGVHD) was 18.9% and 14.1%, respectively, there were no significant differences in the incidence of aGVHD and cGVHD between the two groups (P >0.05). Of the 115 patients, there were no significantly differences in the 1-year CIR(21.7% vs 28.8%, P =0.866), NRM(10.9% vs 3.9%, P =0.203), OS(75.2% vs 83.8%, P =0.131) and LFS(74.6% vs 69.1%, P =0.912) between the decitabine group(37 cases) and the non-decitabine group(78 cases).

CONCLUSION: Decitabine-based conditioning regimen could reduce the relapse rate of AML CR1 patients with good safety.

PMID:40326134 | DOI:10.19746/j.cnki.issn.1009-2137.2025.02.037

Zhongguo Shi Yan Xue Ye Xue Za Zhi. 2025 Apr;33(2):530-537. doi: 10.19746/j.cnki.issn.1009-2137.2025.02.033.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To study the results, re-donation situation and characteristics of single-reagent reactive blood donors who were put into the reentry strategy in Wuhan area, explore the rationality and effectiveness of the current reentry strategy, and provide data support for the improvement of the reentry process of blood donors.

METHODS: From January 2020 to December 2023, blood donors who conform the reentry criteria and voluntarily applied for returning to Wuhan Blood Center were tested and the results were analyzed. According to the reentry strategy, serological testing and nucleic acid testing were carried out in parallel, serological testing was performed by ELISA with reagents from two different manufacturers, and the primary reactive samples were tested by double-well retest, and HBV/HCV/HIV nucleic acid detection was performed by RT-PCR with an individual donor test mode. Supplementary HBcAb testing was applied for HBV single reagent reactivity by chemiluminescence method. Supplementary TP-WB testing was applied for returning blood donors with repeated TP single reagent reactivity. If returning blood donors with HIV single reagent reactivity were repeated single reagent reactivity, the samples were sent to local CDC for confirmatory test.

RESULTS: 7 098 blood donors were qualified for reentry, 716 donors voluntarily applied for reentry, 436 donors successfully reentry, 251 donors entered the next round, 29 donors could not reentry. The reentry rates for the past four years were 66.67%（42/63）, 54.73%（81/148）, 60.71%（136/224） and 62.99%（177/281）, respectively. Up to December 31, 2023, 275 donors donated blood again, and the donation rates for past four years were 76.19%（32/42）, 72.84%（59/81）, 61.76%（84/136） and 56.50%（100/177）, respectively. After donating blood, 31 donors were disqualified again by blood screening and subjected to permanent deferral. The results of returning to the team had statistical differences in reentry items, educational level, age, and marriage（P < 0.05）.

CONCLUSION: The current reentry strategy adopted by the blood donation and supply institution can effectively retain part of blood donors, reduce the negative emotions of blood donors and increase blood resources.

PMID:40326130 | DOI:10.19746/j.cnki.issn.1009-2137.2025.02.033

Zhongguo Shi Yan Xue Ye Xue Za Zhi. 2025 Apr;33(2):520-525. doi: 10.19746/j.cnki.issn.1009-2137.2025.02.031.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the origin and influencing factors the titer of ABO blood group antibody in neonates.

METHODS: A total of 303 newborn blood samples collected in our hospital from August 2023 to March 2024 were selected for the detection of ABO blood group settings and the determination of the total titers of IgG and IgM blood group antibodies in plasma. IgM antibodies were treated with dithithreitol (DTT) to determine the titers of IgG antibodies. The total titer of the blood group antibody was compared with that of the IgG antibody. The clinical data of mothers and newborns were collected, and the correlation between the antibody titer and these clinical data was analyzed.

RESULTS: Among the 303 newborn specimens, 14 cases (4.62%) were identified to possess blood group antibodies. The influence of the maternal ABO blood group on the generation of high-potency blood group antibodies in newborns was observed to follow the order of O>B>A>AB, with a significant statistical difference ( P < 0.01). Of the 123 (40.59%) newborns born to mothers of type O, 121 (98.37%) had blood group antibody titers > 2. Of the 20 (6.60%) newborns born to mothers of type AB, all 20 (100.00%) had blood group antibody titers < 2. Among 89 (29.37%) mothers of type A and 71 (23.43%) mothers of type B, the titer of 100% newborn blood group antibody was less than 2, when the newborn blood group was incompatible with the mother’s blood group; the titer of the newborn blood type antibody was higher or lower, when the newborn blood type was compatible with the mother’s blood type. The titer of the newborn blood group antibodies is related to the number of pregnancies of the mothers and has no association with other clinical data (such as the mother’s number of obortions), the number of production, fetal gestation age.

CONCLUSION: The majority of ABO blood group antibodies in neonates are IgG antibodies from the mothers, and few are produced by the neonates themselves. In some neonates, IgG anti-A and/or anti-B can agglutinate with anti-stereotyped cells at room temperature. The maternal ABO blood type is the primary factor influencing the titer of the newborn blood type. The number of maternal pregnancies is a factor affecting the high titer ABO blood group antibodies in newborns.

PMID:40326128 | DOI:10.19746/j.cnki.issn.1009-2137.2025.02.031

Zhongguo Shi Yan Xue Ye Xue Za Zhi. 2025 Apr;33(2):442-446. doi: 10.19746/j.cnki.issn.1009-2137.2025.02.019.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the significance of HALP score as a prognostic indicator for newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (MM).

METHODS: Clinical data of 62 newly diagnosed MM patients in our hospital from January 2020 to December 2022 were collected and retrospectively analyzed. The difference in age, sex, DS stage, R-ISS stage, M protein type, serum creatinine (Scr), β₂-microglobulin (β₂-MG), blood calcium, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), hemoglobin (Hb), albumin (ALB), platelet count (PLT), and absolute lymphocyte count (ALC) between patients with low and high HALP scores were analyzed. The prognostic value of the above indexes in newly diagnosed MM patients was analyzed by univariate and multivariate analysis.

RESULTS: The optimal cut-off value of HALP score was 41 determined by X-tile software. Based on this, 62 patients were divided into a high HALP group (HALP>41, n=25) and a low HALP group (HALP≤41, n=37). The proportion of patients with Hb≥100 g/L in the high HALP group was significantly higher than that in the low HALP group (P <0.05). The median overall survival (OS) time of patients in the high HALP group and low HALP group were 29 (9-39) months and 20 (4-29) months, respectively, with statistically significant difference between the two groups (P <0.01). Univariate analysis showed that R-ISS stage, ALB, Hb, ALC and HALP were closely related to the prognosis of patients (P <0.05). COX regression multivariate analysis showed that R-ISS stage Ⅲ (HR=4.443, 95%CI : 1.480-13.343，P =0.008) and HALP≤41(HR=8.823, 95%CI : 1.858-41.910，P =0.006) were independent risk factors for shortened OS in newly diagnosed MM patients. The median OS of patients with high HALP at R-ISS stage Ⅲ was significantly higher than that of patients with low HALP at the same stage, and the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05).

CONCLUSION: HALP score can be used as a prognostic indicator for newly diagnosed MM patients.

PMID:40326116 | DOI:10.19746/j.cnki.issn.1009-2137.2025.02.019