Tag: nevin manimala

Acta Crystallogr D Struct Biol. 2025 May 1. doi: 10.1107/S2059798325002852. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Serial crystallography is an important technique with unique abilities to resolve enzymatic transition states, minimize radiation damage to sensitive metalloenzymes and perform de novo structure determination from micrometre-sized crystals. This technique requires the merging of data from thousands of crystals, making manual identification of errant crystals unfeasible. cctbx.xfel.merge uses filtering to remove problematic data. However, this process is imperfect, and data reduction must be robust to outliers. We add robustness to cctbx.xfel.merge at the step of uncertainty determination for reflection intensities. This step is a critical point for robustness because it is the first step where the data sets are considered as a whole, as opposed to individual lattices. Robustness is conferred by reformulating the error-calibration procedure to have fewer and less stringent statistical assumptions and incorporating the ability to down-weight low-quality lattices. We then apply this method to five macromolecular XFEL data sets and observe the improvements to each. The appropriateness of the intensity uncertainties is demonstrated through internal consistency. This is performed through theoretical CC_1/2 and I/σ relationships and by weighted second moments, which use Wilson’s prior to connect intensity uncertainties with their expected distribution. This work presents new mathematical tools to analyze intensity statistics and demonstrates their effectiveness through the often underappreciated process of uncertainty analysis.

PMID:40297896 | DOI:10.1107/S2059798325002852

Work. 2025 Mar;80(3):1137-1143. doi: 10.1177/10519815241289654. Epub 2024 Oct 21.

ABSTRACT

BackgroundWork-related stressors are a significant predictor of long-term sickness absence due to mental disorders (LTSA-MD) issues.ObjectiveTo examine the relationship between work-related stressors and LTSA-MD among Japanese public servants.MethodsA retrospective cohort study design was utilized, analyzing data from public servants in City A, Japan, who underwent mandatory annual stress checks from 2011 to 2020. The study focused on LTSA-MD instances lasting over three months due to mental disorders. The Brief Job Stress Questionnaire (BJSQ) was employed to measure occupational stress factors. Cox Hazard Models adjusted for demographic and occupational variables were used to examine the relationship between BJSQ sub-items and the onset of LTSA-MD.ResultsAmong the 1026 LTSA-MD instances identified, an association was found between the scores of job stressors, stress responses, and job satisfaction of BJSQ with increased LTSA-MD risk, whereas social occupational support was not related.ConclusionsThe findings highlight the critical role of occupational stress, stress response, and job satisfaction in predicting LTSA-MD among Japanese public servants. Mitigating these factors could significantly reduce the risk of LTSA-MD, underscoring the importance of implementing targeted workplace interventions.

PMID:40297888 | DOI:10.1177/10519815241289654

Work. 2025 Mar;80(3):1066-1075. doi: 10.1177/10519815241289697. Epub 2024 Nov 25.

ABSTRACT

BackgroundWhile safety climate and performance are extensively studied, few research studies have explored the relationship between safety climate and both retrospective and prospective indicators of safety performance.ObjectiveThis study aims to investigate the relationships between safety climate, safety behavior, musculoskeletal disorder (MSD) symptoms, and injury experience in manufacturing using structural equation modeling (SEM).MethodsThe study enrolled 409 employees from 15 manufacturing companies in Urmia, Iran in 2021. Data were collected using safety climate, safety behavior, and Nordic musculoskeletal disorders questionnaires. Occupational injury experiences from the past year were also recorded. SEM was used to analyze safety climate’s relationships with performance variables.ResultsA positive relationship was observed between safety climate and safety behavior (r = 0.38, p < 0.01). Symptoms of MSD correlated significantly with safety climate (r = -0.12, p < 0.05) and injury experience (r = 0.10, p < 0.05). A significant association was found between safety climate and safety behavior factors in the first model (ß = 0.19, p = 0.001). The overall fit indices for the proposed model were acceptable. SEM confirmed a significant association between safety climate and safety behavior (ß = 0.20, p = 0.001). However, no relationship was found between safety climate/behavior and injury experience or MSD symptoms.ConclusionsThe safety climate influenced safety behavior but had no effect on employees’ self-reported injuries or MSD symptoms. Enhancing workplaces safety climate could prevent unsafe behaviors. This study recommends exploring the association between safety climate and safety performance indicators, considering potential mediators and moderators.

PMID:40297885 | DOI:10.1177/10519815241289697

Work. 2025 Mar;80(3):1254-1264. doi: 10.1177/10519815241289718. Epub 2024 Nov 29.

ABSTRACT

BackgroundStudies show contradictory results on telework and MSDs, recommending investigating ergonomic factors and considering mental workload and inactivity.ObjectiveTo analyze the predictive association of mental workload, postural overload, and physical inactivity on the presence of MSDs in university professors in a pandemic context.MethodsA pilot cross-sectional study. An online self-administered questionnaire was used with the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ) to assess MSDs, the NASA-Task Load Index (NASA-TLX) for mental workload, The Rapid Office Strain Assessment (ROSA) to quantify ergonomic risks, and a physical activity question. The data obtained were analyzed by descriptive statistics and the association between the independent and dependent variables by Chi-square and logistic regression with an α = 0.05.ResultsFifty-one university professors (58.8% female) participated. The frequency of MSDs was 82.3% and was most common in the neck region (62.7%). Significant associations of mental workload, postural overload, and physical inactivity on MSDs were found. Multiple predictive associations were observed between MSDs in the wrists and hands, chair postural overload, and physical inactivity (OR = 11.84 and OR = 15.38, respectively) while considering confounding variables such as gender, age, and BMI. In addition, MSDs in the upper back were observed with chair and mouse-keyboard postural overload (OR = 5.60 and OR = 7.59, respectively).ConclusionsPredictive associations exist between mental workload, postural overload, physical inactivity, and MSDs. In the post-COVID era, teleworking has become essential in universities, and it is crucial to plan for it to prevent the risk of musculoskeletal disorders.

PMID:40297884 | DOI:10.1177/10519815241289718

Work. 2025 Mar;80(3):1040-1052. doi: 10.1177/10519815241290000. Epub 2024 Nov 27.

ABSTRACT

BackgroundThe recurrent incompatibility between manual tools and human users is a drawback normally associated with the physical capacity of the worker. Hence, the conception and design of comfortable tools should consider the user experience.ObjectiveThis work looks forward to identifying key descriptors influencing the comfort experience, through the usage assessment of a by-pass-type manual cutting tool (pruning scissors).MethodsThis was a cross-sectional research which was carried out in three stages: (i) Identification of the relevant descriptors using a documented review, (ii) Identification of the relevant descriptors through the user experience, which is documented using semi-structured interviews (n = 20), and (iii) Evaluation and grading of the identified descriptors through interviews and the semantic-differential-methodology application (n = 50).ResultsData were evaluated using descriptive-statistics tools, which allowed us to identify comfort descriptors not included in the literature. Similarly, data were treated using the principal component analysis technique (PCA).ConclusionsIt was found that comfort and discomfort behave like two opposites on a continuum scale and that perception changes according to the tool and the specific task in which the user is immersed. On the other hand, it was figured out that tool appearance or aesthetics are not related to comfort.

PMID:40297881 | DOI:10.1177/10519815241290000

Work. 2025 Mar;80(3):1053-1065. doi: 10.1177/10519815241289823. Epub 2024 Nov 13.

ABSTRACT

BackgroundWith an aging workforce becoming increasingly prevalent in the United States, the intersection of older age and disability presents significant challenges for employment, particularly in the context of workplace accommodations.ObjectiveThis study aimed to elucidate the psychosocial factors influencing older workers’ requests and receipts of job accommodations, focusing on the pivotal role of disability acceptance.MethodsEmploying a quantitative approach, we included 217 older workers (50 years and older) across various employment sectors, analyzing their experiences with accommodation requests, workplace support, knowledge of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), and levels of disability acceptance.ResultsLogistic regression models revealed that perceived workplace support significantly predicted the likelihood of requesting and receiving accommodations, whereas disability acceptance, despite its hypothesized importance, did not emerge as a significant predictor in our models. Results highlight the critical role of workplace support in facilitating accommodation processes for older workers and suggest that interventions to increase ADA awareness and foster supportive work environments may enhance accommodation outcomes.ConclusionThis study contributes to a nuanced understanding of the dynamics surrounding accommodation requests among the aging workforce, emphasizing the need for inclusive workplace practices and policies.

PMID:40297879 | DOI:10.1177/10519815241289823

Work. 2025 Mar;80(3):1223-1230. doi: 10.1177/10519815241291417. Epub 2024 Nov 27.

ABSTRACT

BackgroundThe profession of a firefighter is classified as a profession with a very high level of risk. Serving in Rescue and Firefighting Unit (RFU) involves participating in intervention activities, including fighting fires, removing the effects of technical failures and natural disasters, rescuing people and animals, and specialized activities.ObjectiveThe analysis of zoonotic health hazards to firefighters during fire and rescue operations from 2020 to 2022.Materials and MethodsThe analysis covered the data from the Human Resources Office of the State Fire Service Headquarters, from the Department of Occupational Health and Safety and Health Prevention. Data collected from all over Poland in the form of an annual analysis of the accident rate. For the purposes of further analysis and calculations, several definitions were adopted: animal evacuation, animal relocation, access to animals.ResultsIn the years 2020-2022, 67 firefighter injuries of animal origin were registered: animals, birds, as well as hymenopteran insects (stings), and ticks (bites). Interventions involving animals accounted for 8.8% of all firefighter operations. An analysis was conducted to identify the most common cause (species) and location (body area) of firefighter injuries in rescue and firefighting operations with animals. The most common cause of injuries was identified (species): dog (13%), cat (31%), hymenoptera (25%) and the location of injury to firefighters (body area): hand (55%), head (16%).ConclusionsThe overall number of injuries is small compared to the number of incidents with animals, which may be related to good firefighter protection and effective procedures. To avoid zoonotic injuries to the palm area, fire trucks should be provided with a set of general-use veterinary gloves + disposable nitrile gloves that will ensure hygiene when used by many people. The interventions towards animals throughout Poland are on a large scale, which creates a health risk for firefighters, as rescued animals under stress and towards strangers behave in an unpredictable manner, adequate to a given stress reaction.

PMID:40297875 | DOI:10.1177/10519815241291417

Work. 2025 Mar;80(3):1231-1243. doi: 10.1177/10519815241290607. Epub 2024 Nov 14.

ABSTRACT

BackgroundBurnout in physician and scientist faculty threatens professional satisfaction, mental health, and work quality while impacting women more than men. Women experience gender mistreatment more often than men, which may impact burnout.ObjectiveTo determine the differences in burnout, discrimination and harassment by gender, and whether these variables were associated with burnout in physician and scientist faculty.MethodsAn anonymous cross-sectional survey from November 2018 through February 2019 was conducted in physician and scientist faculty at a large urban hospital. Survey instruments included MaslachBurnout Inventory-2, gender-based discrimination and harassment questions, and demographic and professional characteristics.ResultsOf 4156 faculty, 1497 (36%) provided gender identification and were included in analyses. Women experienced burnout at higher rates than men (30.9% vs. 23.3%, p = 0.002). Women also experienced gender discrimination and gender harassment at 11 (25.0% vs 2.3%, p < 0.001) and 5.7 (13.0% vs 2.3%, p < 0.001) times the rate of men, respectively. In a multivariable analysis, gender-based discrimination and harassment was associated with burnout among women (OR 1.65, p = 0.035) and overall (OR 1.65, p = 0.017), but not among men. In men, those aged 40-60 experienced increased burnout compared to those aged >60 (OR 2.67, p = 0.017). For all participants, burnout was associated with depression symptoms, poor work life integration, and lower leadership scores.ConclusionBurnout is prevalent in both men and women physicians and scientists, but correlates vary by gender. Findings suggest that interventions to reduce burnout should account for gender differences, target leadership behaviors and address gender bias and mistreatment.

PMID:40297874 | DOI:10.1177/10519815241290607

Work. 2025 Mar;80(3):1415-1424. doi: 10.1177/10519815241290331. Epub 2024 Dec 14.

ABSTRACT

BackgroundThe Minnesota Retaining Employment and Talent After Injury and Illness Network (MN RETAIN) is a randomized controlled study designed to evaluate early interventions promoting workforce retention among workers in Minnesota. The study compares a cohort receiving increased support for stay at work and return to work (SAW/RTW) services from healthcare organizations and resources through workforce development to a control cohort provided solely a list of SAW/RTW resources within the state they can access on their own.ObjectiveThis manuscript aims to describe the design of the MN RETAIN Phase 2 study and experience to date including enrollment. Target enrollment for Phase 2 of MN RETAIN is 3200 workers with approximately half receiving SAW/RTW services from a Return-to-Work Case Manager (RWTCM) who is embedded within the healthcare team. MN RETAIN is structured to be accessible to all workers within the state, with a focus on equity and reaching historically underserved populations.MethodsPhase 2 of the RETAIN model expanded the focus from the southeast region of MN to state-wide coverage. Enrollment and services were designed to acquire a large enough cohort to reach adequate statistical power to detect differences in disability costs and rates of SAW/RTW in participating study subjects. Impact analysis of RETAIN will be performed by the federal evaluator at a future date.ResultsCharacteristics of enrolled participants to date are summarized as well as considerations for sustainability of the program upon study completion.ConclusionsTo date, the study has reached diverse workers from throughout the state of MN to provide assistance with SAW/RTW.

PMID:40297873 | DOI:10.1177/10519815241290331

Work. 2025 Mar;80(3):1380-1386. doi: 10.1177/10519815241291668. Epub 2024 Nov 29.

ABSTRACT

BackgroundArtificial intelligence (AI) is transforming medical practices with rapidly developing technologies and the innovative solutions it provides. In order for this transformation to be successfully integrated into healthcare services, healthcare professionals must have positive attitudes towards this technology.ObjectiveThe present study was conducted with the aim of comparing the attitudes of nurses working in different provinces towards artificial intelligence.MethodsThe study was planned in a descriptive cross-sectional design. The study population consisted of 1453 nurses working in 3 state hospitals (inpatient hospitals providing secondary health care services) located in the city centers of Muş, Bingöl and Adıyaman provinces in eastern Turkey. While the sample size was 698 nurses in total, the study was completed with 737 nurses. The data were collected through the Introductory Information Form and the General Attitudes toward Artificial Intelligence Scale (GAAIS). ANOVA test and multiple regression were used to analyse the data.ResultsIt was found that the nurses had highly positive attitudes towards artificial intelligence. When the nurses’ scores from the Positive GAAIS sub-dimension were compared, it was determined that there was a significant difference (p < 0.05) between the provinces. A statistically significant difference (p < 0.01) was found between the provinces in the Negative GAAIS sub-dimension, as well. Demographic characteristics were found to be effective on both Positive GAAIS and Negative GAAIS.ConclusionsAlthough there were differences between the provinces, the nurses generally had positive attitudes towards artificial intelligence technologies. The majority of the participants continue to use artificial intelligence technologies although they state that artificial intelligence will replace humans in the future. Longitudinal studies on the factors affecting attitudes towards artificial intelligence are recommended.

PMID:40297872 | DOI:10.1177/10519815241291668