Tag: nevin manimala

Nat Prod Res. 2025 Apr 25:1-21. doi: 10.1080/14786419.2025.2494625. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Vinca alkaloids (VAs), derived from the Catharanthus roseus, are naturally occurring or semi-synthetic alkaloids primarily used in the treatment approach for diverse types of cancer. They have shown significant efficacy in treating leukaemia, Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Nevertheless, their clinical application is considerably limited owing to the severe side effects, low bioavailability, and multidrug resistance (MDR). Over the past few years, drug delivery systems such as nanoparticles, liposomes, and solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) have been shown to improve the pharmacokinetic properties and tumour targeting of VAs. The use of multiple drugs in combination can also reduce the adverse reactions of VAs and significantly enhance their efficacy, thereby broadening their application. This review introduces the main pharmacologically active components of VAs, summarises their chemotherapeutic effects, and provides a statistical overview and analysis of recent research progress in VAs drug delivery technologies, offering a reference for further research and clinical application of VAs in cancer treatment.

PMID:40276897 | DOI:10.1080/14786419.2025.2494625

Korean J Anesthesiol. 2025 Apr 25. doi: 10.4097/kja.24934. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Predicting fatal neurological complications after clipping surgery for unruptured intracranial aneurysms (UIAs) is crucial; however, existing scoring systems are limited by narrow consideration of factors. We aimed to develop and validate a comprehensive risk stratification scoring system that incorporates patient-, aneurysm-, and operation-specific variables for predicting postoperative neurological complications in UIA surgeries.

METHODS: This multi-center retrospective cohort study was conducted from September 2018 to October 2023. Patients undergoing clipping surgery for UIAs were divided into development and validation sets based on the treating institution. A predictive score for postoperative neurological complications was developed from a multivariate logistic regression analysis. The score, named NEURO, that incorporates variables like previous neurological disease, categorized aneurysm location and size, categorized operation time, and transfusion was validated externally.

RESULTS: The study included 2847 patients, with 1547 and 1300 in the development and validation sets, based on the institution of surgery, respectively. The incidence of neurological complications was 5.7% (88 / 1547) and 5.6% (73 / 1300) in the development and validation sets, respectively. The NEURO score showed good predictive ability with C-statistics of 0.720 (95% CI, 0.667-0.776) in the development set and 0.693 (95% CI, 0.631-0.754) in the validation set, demonstrating good calibration across the predicted probability range.

CONCLUSIONS: The NEURO score, integrating multiple perioperative variables, may effectively predict the risk of neurological complications post UIA clipping surgery, aiding in identifying high-risk patients. This tool could enhance clinical decision-making and patient management in neurosurgical practice.

PMID:40276889 | DOI:10.4097/kja.24934

Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2025 Apr 25. doi: 10.1111/apt.70169. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Individuals with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) have a higher mortality risk, and physical activity is important to MASLD management. However, a comprehensive exploration of associations of volume and intensity of physical activity and rest-activity rhythm (RAR) based on an accelerometer with all-cause and cause-specific mortality in MASLD individuals was scarce.

METHODS: We included 10,143 individuals with MASLD from the UK Biobank. Volume and intensity of physical activity [low-intensity physical activity (LPA), moderate-to-vigorous-intensity physical activity (MVPA) and sedentary time] and RAR (amplitude, mesor, pseudo-F statistics and acrophase) were computed from accelerometer data. The Cox proportional hazards model was used to estimate the relationships of volume and intensity of physical activity and RAR with all-cause, cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer mortality risk in individuals with MASLD and further in common subtypes of cardiometabolic abnormalities. The population attributable risk and relative importance of physical activity were estimated.

RESULTS: Higher LPA, MVPA and normal RAR (amplitude and mesor) were associated with decreased risk of all-cause and CVD mortality among individuals with MASLD (HRs: 0.712-0.805), especially of all-cause mortality in those with common subtypes of more than two metabolic abnormalities (overweight/obesity-elevated blood pressure-hyperlipidemia and all the four abnormalities). Furthermore, we found MVPA and amplitude represented relatively important contributors to all-cause and CVD mortality risk in individuals with MASLD.

CONCLUSIONS: In individuals with MASLD, a higher volume and intensity of physical activity, as well as normal RAR supported lower all-cause and CVD mortality risk, which provided insights for management guidelines.

PMID:40276877 | DOI:10.1111/apt.70169

J Int Med Res. 2025 Apr;53(4):3000605251333654. doi: 10.1177/03000605251333654. Epub 2025 Apr 25.

ABSTRACT

ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy and adverse effects of phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitors in children with mild-to-moderate atopic dermatitis.MethodsElectronic searches were conducted based on PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, and Web of Science using Medical Subject Headings terms and relevant keywords. Using response rates as the primary outcome and adverse effects as the secondary outcome, statistical analysis was performed via Stata 15.1 SE, with Cochrane Q and I² statistics used for heterogeneity assessment. Publication bias and sensitivity analyses were conducted using various methods. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias tool.ResultsThe analysis included six randomized controlled trials involving 4681 children with atopic dermatitis. Phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitors were associated with significantly higher response rates than vehicle controls (odds ratio = 2.01, 95% confidence interval: 1.58 to 2.56, p < 0.001, I² = 54.8%), with no significant difference in adverse effect incidence (odds ratio = 1.07, 95% confidence interval: 0.87 to 1.30, p = 0.536, I² = 11.8%). Subgroup analysis revealed varying response rates among different phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitors, with crisaborole showing the least adverse effects.ConclusionOur meta-analysis revealed that children with atopic dermatitis treated with phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitors experienced higher remission rates and comparable adverse effect rates compared with vehicle controls. Currently, crisaborole appears to be the optimal choice for balancing safety and efficacy. As research in this area is still in its early stages, further high-quality trials are essential for establishing standards of clinical care.INPLASY registration number: INPLASY202520121.

PMID:40276862 | DOI:10.1177/03000605251333654

Gut Liver. 2025 Apr 25. doi: 10.5009/gnl240555. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND/AIMS: This study examined sex differences in the effect of changes in body mass index (BMI) on the development of gastric cancer (GC) in South Korea.

METHODS: Using data from the National Health Insurance Service-Health Screening Cohort, a retrospective cohort study involving 333,169 Koreans with a median follow-up of 12 years was conducted. BMI was categorized into five groups (<18.5, 18.5-22.9, 23.0-24.9 [reference], 25.0-29.9, and ≥30.0 kg/m²) and the risk of developing GC was evaluated according to changes in BMI by calculating the hazard ratio (HR) using Cox proportional hazard regression.

RESULTS: Among males, BMI ≥30.0 kg/m² was associated with a 1.27-fold higher overall risk of developing GC (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.02 to 1.57), but not in females. For non-cardia GC, a U-shaped association between BMI and risk of developing GC was observed in males, although statistical significance was observed only for BMI 18.5-22.9 kg/m². Additionally, an increase in BMI to 23.0-24.9 kg/m² was associated with a decreased non-cardia GC risk among males. In females, the largest waist circumference category was significantly associated with an increased risk of developing overall GC (HR, 1.37; 95% CI, 1.07 to 1.74).

CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated that maintaining a BMI in the range of 23.0-24.9 kg/m² is optimal for minimizing the risk of non-cardia GC, particularly in males. In females, visceral obesity, represented by a large waist circumference as a proxy, was associated with an increased risk of developing GC.

PMID:40276822 | DOI:10.5009/gnl240555

Indian J Orthop. 2025 Jan 13;59(4):464-471. doi: 10.1007/s43465-024-01319-9. eCollection 2025 Apr.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To evaluate the incidence of knee arthritis following multiligamentous knee injuries (MLKIs) and assess other outcomes including conversion to total knee arthroplasty (TKA), return to work, return to sports, and patient satisfaction.

METHODS: A comprehensive search of PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases was conducted for studies published up to April 2024. Studies focusing on patients with multiligamentous knee injuries undergoing reconstruction were included. Primary outcome was arthritis incidence; secondary outcomes included conversion to TKA, return to work, return to sports, and patient satisfaction. Data extraction and statistical analyses were performed using MedCalc statistic software, with pooled incidence rates calculated via random-effects models. Heterogeneity was assessed using Cochran’s Q test and I² statistic.

RESULTS: Seven studies met the inclusion criteria. The meta-analysis revealed a high incidence of knee arthritis after MLKIs, with a pooled incidence of 65.0% (95% CI 35.4% to 89.4%) among 158 patients, indicating substantial heterogeneity (I² = 92.9%). Conversion to TKA was reported in four studies with a pooled rate of 9.5% (95% CI: 5.4% to 14.6%) across 151 patients (I² = 0%). Return to work was reported in two studies, showing a pooled rate of 93.5% (95% CI: 71.0% to 99.7%) among 59 patients (I² = 83.4%). Return to sports was assessed in three studies, with a pooled rate of 70.8% (95% CI 48.2% to 88.9%) among 73 patients (I² = 75.0%). Patient satisfaction, reported in two studies, demonstrated a pooled rate of 82.5% (95% CI 73.0% to 90.2%) among 72 patients (I² = 0%).

CONCLUSION: MLKIs are associated with a high incidence of arthritis. However, it remains an effective intervention that facilitates a high rate of return to work, sports participation, and patient satisfaction.

PMID:40276800 | PMC:PMC12014884 | DOI:10.1007/s43465-024-01319-9

Indian J Orthop. 2025 Mar 14;59(4):558-565. doi: 10.1007/s43465-025-01361-1. eCollection 2025 Apr.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: Peroneus longus (PL) graft harvest has recently gained popularity for various ligament reconstruction surgeries. A recent systematic review shows it is a safe and reproducible technique with low morbidity of donor sites (1). The method for PL harvest routinely involves tenodesis of the PL stump to the peroneus brevis (PB). To the authors’ best knowledge, no study exists in the literature that has compared the outcomes of tenodesis versus no tenodesis on post-operative ankle functional outcome scores. The purpose of the present study is to assess the importance of tenodesis on post-operative ankle scores.

METHODS: A total of 200 consecutive patients from July 2022 to November 2022 were included in the study: 72 in the no tenodesis group and 128 in the tenodesis group. Institutional ethics approval was obtained from the institutional ethics review committee before the initiation of the study. Demographic variables (age, gender and level of play) were recorded. Pre-operative American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society Score (AOFAS) and Functional Ankle Disability Index (FADI) scores were calculated for both groups and compared with post-operative scores at six weeks, three months, six months and one-year follow-up.

RESULTS: For the entire study population (n = 200), we found that AOFAS and FADI scores showed no significant difference at any interval except for lower scores at six weeks of follow-up for both groups compared to baseline. We found that the no tenodesis group had slightly better AOFAS and FADI scores at the six-week follow-up, which were statistically significant (p < 0.05). However, the magnitude of variance (0.13 and 0.20, respectively) was too small to be clinically significant. Age, gender and level of play had no impact on ankle functional outcomes.

CONCLUSION: Tenodesis of the PL to the PB has been the standard norm in PL graft harvest for various ligament surgeries. The present high-powered prospective cohort study shows that tenodesis.does not improve ankle functional outcome scores compared to no tenodesis. Further work is needed to assess the impact of tenodesis or no tenodesis on ankle biomechanics (eversion, plantarflexion and gait).

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: IV.

PMID:40276794 | PMC:PMC12014865 | DOI:10.1007/s43465-025-01361-1

Indian J Orthop. 2025 Apr 15;59(4):549-557. doi: 10.1007/s43465-025-01365-x. eCollection 2025 Apr.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: This study aims to assess the gender differences in clinical severity, physical function, and radiographic parameters in patients with knee osteoarthritis at presentation to a tertiary care center.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed a cross-sectional observational study on patients with knee osteoarthritis aged more than 50 years who presented to a tertiary care center. Clinical assessment was done by modified WOMAC score. Physical function assessment was done by five performance-based tests: a thirty-second chair stand test, 40 m (4 × 10 m) fast-paced walk test, stair climb test, timed up-and-go test, and six-minute walk test. Radiographic assessment was done by plain radiographs using the Kellgren and Lawrence (KL) grading and measuring the femorotibial angle.

RESULTS: A total of 111 patients (50 males and 61 females) were included. Females had significantly more pain and stiffness than males as assessed by modified WOMAC score at the time of presentation (pain: males 5.28 ± 3.0, females 7.45 ± 3.93, p-value 0.002) (stiffness: males 1.16 ± .81, females 1.63 ± .94, p-value 0.006). There was a statistically significant difference in all five performance-based physical function tests between the male and female patients (p-value < .05) with females showing poorer scores at the time of presentation. There was no statistically significant difference in the KL grading between males and females.

CONCLUSION: This study highlights significant gender differences in the clinical presentation of knee OA, with females experiencing greater pain, stiffness, and reduced physical functions but similar radiological grading at presentation. These findings emphasize the importance of comprehensive clinical assessment that must include both radiographic and physical function evaluation to ensure optimal management and improved outcomes for patients with knee OA.

PMID:40276792 | PMC:PMC12014990 | DOI:10.1007/s43465-025-01365-x

J Nematol. 2025 Apr 24;57(1):20250012. doi: 10.2478/jofnem-2025-0012. eCollection 2025 Feb.

ABSTRACT

Helicoverpa zea is a major agricultural pest, particularly in cotton, and poses significant challenges due to its ability to develop resistance to chemical insecticides. This study evaluates the efficacy of the entomopathogenic nematode (Steinernema adamsi) and its mutualistic bacteria (Xenorhabdus) as biological control agents against H. zea larvae in both laboratory and field settings. In laboratory assays, mortality rates for 1^st to 4^th instars were high, ranging from 74.2% to 100%, while 5^th instars exhibited significantly lower susceptibility (<37% mortality). Pupae were completely resistant to nematode infection. The impact of UV radiation on nematode efficacy was assessed, with mortality decreasing from 100% in control conditions (0 hours of UV exposure) to 71.8% after 5 hours of UV exposure, highlighting the vulnerability of S. adamsi to UV degradation. In addition, Xenorhabdus caused 100% mortality in H. zea larvae when injected directly into the hemocoel, but oral toxicity was significantly lower, with 36% mortality in 7 days post-exposure. Field experiments demonstrated that the combination of S. adamsi with 0.05% sodium alginate (hygroscopic agent) and 0.02% Congo red (UV protectant) resulted in a significant increase in larval mortality. In field test A, where S. adamsi was applied in water, mortality averaged 56% with 82% EPN infection. In field test B, the combined treatment of sodium alginate and Congo red led to 98% larval mortality, although infection rates were lower and statistically non-significant. The addition of these protective agents likely enhanced the environmental stability and efficacy of the nematodes under field conditions. These findings suggest that S. adamsi can be an effective biological control agent for H. zea, particularly when combined with formulations that protect against UV radiation and desiccation. Future research should focus on optimizing nematode delivery systems to improve field efficacy under diverse environmental conditions.

PMID:40276782 | PMC:PMC12020467 | DOI:10.2478/jofnem-2025-0012

One Health. 2025 Apr 11;20:101036. doi: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2025.101036. eCollection 2025 Jun.

ABSTRACT

West Nile Virus (WNV) lineage 2, primarily endemic to parts of Africa and Europe, has recently emerged as a public health concern in new geographic regions. In 2024, the first autochthonous human case of neuroinvasive disease caused by WNV lineage 2 was identified in Andalusia, Southern Spain. Molecular testing and whole-genome sequencing confirmed WNV lineage 2 as the causative agent. Phylogenetic analysis revealed a close relationship with strains circulating in Central Europe, distinct from previous WNV lineage 2 detections in Spain. Concurrently, WNV lineage 2 RNA was detected in an imperial eagle near the case location, suggesting local viral circulation. This case marks a significant shift in WNV epidemiology in Spain, where lineage 1 has historically been dominant. The findings underscore the expanding range of WNV lineage 2 and the necessity for enhanced vector surveillance, genomic monitoring, and strengthened One Health strategies to mitigate future outbreaks and protect public health.

PMID:40276693 | PMC:PMC12018207 | DOI:10.1016/j.onehlt.2025.101036