Tag: nevin manimala

J Thromb Thrombolysis. 2025 Jun 14. doi: 10.1007/s11239-025-03128-9. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Clot waveform analysis (CWA) is a technique that continuously monitors changes in light transmittance or absorbance during fibrin clot formation in plasma, enhancing routine clotting test assessment. Patients with Lupus Anticoagulant (LA) and Hemophilia A (HA) both exhibit isolated prolongation of activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT); however, their management differs significantly. CWA can aid in distinguishing between these conditions, particularly in cases where standard coagulation tests are inconclusive and specialized assays are unavailable.

METHODS: This prospective case-control study included patients with demonstrable LA (n = 69), healthy controls (n = 75) and diseased controls [HA with (n = 16) and without inhibitor (n = 36).

RESULTS: The quantitative data of aPTT-CWA including velocity peak time, acceleration peak time and height of acceleration [-] were significantly lower in LA-positive samples with prolonged aPTT in comparison with HA without inhibitors. The qualitative data comprising Shoulder in 1st derivative, Biphasic wave in 2nd derivative [-] and Serrated wave pattern in 2nd derivative were significantly common in HA samples without inhibitors. In comparison to healthy controls, LA-positive patients with normal aPTT had significantly lower velocity peak time and height of velocity along with higher width of velocity. In acceleration peak time and width of acceleration [-] peak were significantly higher along with lower height of acceleration [+] and height of acceleration [-]. AUROCs of height of acceleration [-], width of acceleration [-] and width of velocity were statistically and biologically significant. The shoulder in 2nd derivative was significantly common in LA-positive samples.

CONCLUSION: The aPTT-CWA has limited utility for differentiating LA positive from HA samples with and without inhibitors. However, aPTT-CWA may help in selecting patients with normal aPTT who merit further confirmatory testing for LA with a compatible history.

PMID:40515980 | DOI:10.1007/s11239-025-03128-9

MAGMA. 2025 Jun 14. doi: 10.1007/s10334-025-01267-x. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: The management of non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA) remains challenging because no predictive test for the presence of localized spermatogenesis exists. Previous work considered MRI techniques, such as spectroscopy (MRS) and diffusion weighted imaging (DWI), in this role. We report here data from a prospective study evaluating additional advanced MRI sequences for predicting spermatogenesis in patients with NOA.

METHODS: 9 fertile volunteers and 18 men with NOA were prospectively recruited. Each participant underwent a novel multi-parametric MRI consisting of T1 and T2 mapping as well as intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) and diffusion weighted imaging (DWI). A single radiologist drew representative regions of interest on the best quality images for each sequence and recorded the mean values. Sperm extraction procedure results were recorded. Two-end points were evaluated: NOA versus fertile controls and the presence of viable sperm within the NOA cohort. The data were analyzed per patient. Nonparametric and logistic regression statistical analysis were used.

RESULTS: 9 fertile men (median 43 years old, 2 children) and 18 men with NOA (median 37 years old, 0 children) were studied. 11 of the 18 men with NOA had testicle sampling. 4 men with NOA had viable sperm. Follicle-stimulating hormone and testosterone levels were not significantly different among NOAmen with and without sperm (p-value = 0.58 and 0.25). Nonparametric analysis with the Wilcoxon rank sum test showed T2 relaxation time was lower among NOA patients (median 101 vs 135 ms, p-value = 0.002), apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) was higher among NOA patients (median 127.9 vs. 106.7 × 10^-5 mm²/sec, p-value = 0.005). T1 relaxation time, alpha (Water diffusion heterogeneity index), D (IVIM-based apparent diffusion coefficient), DDC (Distributed diffusion coefficient) and D* (pseudodiffusion) were also significantly different. On logistic regression analysis, both T2 and ADC were associated with NOA; The odds of NOA decreased by 6% for each msec increase in T2 (p-value = 0.02) while the odds of NOA increased by 11% for each 10⁻⁵ mm²/sec increase in ADC, (p-value = 0.02). T2 yielded a larger area under the receiver operating characteristic curve than ADC (0.87 versus 0.84). Alpha, D, DDC and D* also predicted NOA. Amongst men with NOA who underwent testicle sampling, T2 was lower in testicles of patients with no sperm retrieved (median 73 vs 134. msec, p-value = 0.02). The remaining variables were not significantly different between the cohorts.

CONCLUSIONS: In spite of the small sample size, particularly for men with NOA who underwent sperm extraction, these results suggest that several novel MRI parameters, such as T2 relaxation time and certain IVIM/DWI parameters, are able to distinguish between fertile men and men with NOA as well as potentially predict successful sperm extraction in men with NOA. Additional larger prospective studies of men with NOA undergoing sperm extraction are warranted.

PMID:40515974 | DOI:10.1007/s10334-025-01267-x

Environ Monit Assess. 2025 Jun 14;197(7):751. doi: 10.1007/s10661-025-14205-0.

ABSTRACT

This study investigates the ecological dynamics of Qiaoying Reservoir, a medium-sized multi-purpose water body in Zhejiang Province, China, through seasonal (spring and autumn 2022) analyses of aquatic communities, water quality, and Ecopath modeling. Fish community structure showed seasonal shifts, with Cypriniformes dominating (68.75% in spring, 88.89% in autumn), while zooplankton composition transitioned from Cladocera-dominated (38.46%) to Copepoda-dominated (35.71%) between seasons. Phytoplankton biomass and density exhibited consistent spatial patterns (higher in southeastern zones). Water quality met Class I standards, with stable physicochemical parameters. Ecopath modeling revealed simplified trophic interactions (Connectance Index, 0.333; Omnivory Index, 0.136), with 76% of energy flow concentrated at trophic level I (primary producers). The low inter-trophic transfer efficiency (total 2.25%) highlighted imbalances, notably insufficient grazer pressure on phytoplankton. Recommendations include diversifying fish stocking (Hypophthalmichthys nobilis, Cyprinus carpio, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix, Carassius auratus, and Megalobrama terminalis) to enhance trophic regulation, adjusting harvest strategies. This integrated approach supports sustainable fisheries management by aligning ecological capacity with socioeconomic needs, emphasizing the role of filter-feeding species in maintaining water quality and ecosystem stability.

PMID:40515961 | DOI:10.1007/s10661-025-14205-0

Mol Biol Rep. 2025 Jun 14;52(1):593. doi: 10.1007/s11033-025-10646-5.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the prevalence and clinical significance of autoantibodies to mitochondrial sulphite oxidase (SUOX) and glycogen phosphorylase (PYGL) in Chinese PBC patients.

METHODS: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) were developed with purified SUOX and PYGL proteins. Serum samples from 780 PBC patients and 352 healthy controls were used for antibody detection. Statistical analysis was performed with antibody results and biochemical data from PBC patients.

RESULTS: Antibodies to SUOX and PYGL were found in 14.23% and 22.94% of PBC patients, but also in 6.53% and 9.37% of healthy controls. There is a significant positive correlation between anti-SUOX and -PYGL with anti-M2, -sp100 and -gp210. Anti-SUOX and -PYGL positivity does not correlate with ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) response. Time course analysis found no specific change of anti-SUOX or -PYGL antibody titers in positive patients before and after UDCA treatment.

CONCLUSIONS: The data concluded that anti-SUOX and -PYGL autoantibodies are not serological markers in PBC diagnosis due to a lack of sensitivity and specificity. With the existence of PBC specific autoantibodies in PBC diagnosis and treatment, anti-SUOX and -PYGL status in PBC patients have no significant value.

PMID:40515960 | DOI:10.1007/s11033-025-10646-5

Clin Exp Med. 2025 Jun 14;25(1):204. doi: 10.1007/s10238-025-01753-5.

ABSTRACT

The SARS-CoV-2 RNA virus, with its rapid spread and frequent genetic changes, has posed unparalleled obstacles for public health and treatment efforts. Early diagnosis of the disease and the development of effective treatment strategies are the main pillars of epidemic control. In this regard, machine learning (ML) methods, an advanced subset of artificial intelligence (AI), can play an effective role in improving the accuracy of diagnosis and the effectiveness of treatments related to SARS-CoV-2. However, the implementation of ML in clinical settings faces issues such as data heterogeneity, lack of training data, model interpretability challenges, patient privacy protection, and implementation limitations. This article provides a systematic review of the applications of federated learning (FL), deep learning (DL), reinforcement learning (RL), and hybrid approaches in the field of SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis and treatment. Based on the analysis of the results, the main focus of the research was on increasing privacy and security (P&S) with a share of 26%, improving detection accuracy and robustness (DAR) with 24%, and improving computational and communication efficiency (CCE) with 20%. These statistics indicate the importance of prioritizing patient information confidentiality and improving systems’ accuracy and stability against data variability. In conclusion, the findings of this review can pave the way for the practical application of ML technologies in clinical decision-making and improving the quality of healthcare services related to SARS-CoV-2.

PMID:40515956 | DOI:10.1007/s10238-025-01753-5

Support Care Cancer. 2025 Jun 14;33(7):582. doi: 10.1007/s00520-025-09627-y.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare the utilization of complementary, alternative, and integrative medicine (CAIM) therapies between US adults with and without cancer.

METHODS: This investigation is based on publicly available data from the 2022 National Health Information Survey (NHIS). Descriptive statistics are presented for demographic characteristics, physical and mental health factors, and CAIM practices stratified by cancer status. Differences between groups were assessed using chi-squared tests, with significance defined by p < 0.05.

RESULTS: The study included 24,184 individuals without cancer and 3430 individuals with a self-reported history of any cancer type. The majority of participants were of non-Hispanic White racial-ethnic background, 54% were female, and those with cancer were found to be significantly older than those without. Approximately 18% of adults reported meditating during the past 12 months, and 15% practiced yoga; however, individuals with a history of cancer were significantly less likely to practice yoga than non-cases (p < 0.001). While cancer cases sought out practices for pain relief more frequently than non-cases, the utilization of these activities was < 5%.

CONCLUSIONS: Notably, fewer than 20% of US adults who completed the NHIS 2022 survey, regardless of cancer status, reported participating in CAIM practices within the prior year. While some may not find CAIM therapies beneficial or of interest, providing education to this population has the potential to better aid with symptom management. Future research should explore influencing factors for the adoption of these practices to quantify the impact of these modalities and uncover the potential epigenetic changes and biological mechanisms responsible for their effects, particularly among those diagnosed with cancer.

PMID:40515954 | DOI:10.1007/s00520-025-09627-y

Support Care Cancer. 2025 Jun 14;33(7):581. doi: 10.1007/s00520-025-09633-0.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: The Clinical Oncology Society of Australia (COSA) position statement on exercise in cancer care encourages all healthcare professionals to discuss, recommend, and refer people with cancer to exercise; however, use of these recommendations in practice is unknown.

METHODS: Oncology healthcare professionals working in Australia were invited to complete a cross-sectional online survey that assessed contextual factors that influence implementation of COSA exercise guidance in cancer care, based on the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research.

RESULTS: We received 133 survey responses. Most were women (74%), nurses (35%), or oncologists (26%), involved in cancer care for > 10 years (63%), and in a public hospital setting (69%). Most participants agreed that exercise is beneficial (94%) and the COSA recommendations would positively influence patients’ exercise behaviours (94%). However, only 35% routinely apply COSA recommendations in practice, and only 35% believe they are the best person to provide exercise support. Patient-level barriers included needing additional support to access exercise (92%), most commonly financial (74%). Organisational-level barriers included a lack of dedicated resources to support delivering exercise guidance (69%), and not believing providing exercise guidance is an important part of their role (51%). Only 24% agreed their organisation revised practice based on the COSA recommendations.

CONCLUSION: Despite most oncology healthcare professionals agreeing that exercise is beneficial, and that the COSA recommendations are important for patients, only a minority actually apply the recommendations in their practice. Targeted implementation efforts are needed to facilitate use of COSA exercise guidance in clinical practice.

PMID:40515951 | DOI:10.1007/s00520-025-09633-0

J Community Health. 2025 Jun 14. doi: 10.1007/s10900-025-01489-z. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this study was to measure the HPV vaccine behaviors and intentions of college-aged men. 493 participants, who identified as “male” or “trans man”, from a large university in the Mid-Atlantic were included in this study. An online survey measured several independent variables as well as variables related to HPV and HPV vaccine knowledge, perceptions, and behaviors. Descriptive statistics were used to evaluate each variable after filtering the participants by vaccination status. A binomial logistic regression was used to analyze and predict the effect of each variable on college men’s vaccination status. The academic year in which participants completed the survey, home location, and HPV knowledge were significant predictors of HPV vaccination status. Lack of inclusion of males during conversations about the HPV vaccine could be the source of the differences between male and female HPV vaccination behavior and intention.

PMID:40515894 | DOI:10.1007/s10900-025-01489-z

Metabolomics. 2025 Jun 14;21(4):78. doi: 10.1007/s11306-025-02265-9.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women, with its burden increasing over the past decades. Early diagnosis significantly improves survival rates and reduces lethality. Innovative technologies are being developed for early detection, making accurate tumor identification crucial.

OBJECTIVES: The research aims to identify significant metabolomics biomarkers that can help in detecting tumor progression, which could contribute to early breast cancer diagnosis.

METHODS: A dataset of 228 metabolites from breast cancer patients and healthy individuals was curated from the Metabolomics Workbench Database. Statistical tests and Machine Learning (ML) algorithms were applied for feature selection, assessing normality, variance homogeneity, and significance Recursive Feature Elimination (RFE) with a Random Forest (RF) classifier was used to identify a minimal set of six significant metabolites with strong predictive potential. A Ridge Classifier was employed for classification, achieving an 83% accuracy in distinguishing between cancerous and healthy individuals.

RESULTS: A minimal set of six significant metabolites was identified in plasma samples. The developed model showed an 83% accuracy in classifying cancerous vs. healthy individuals using the Ridge Classifier.

CONCLUSION: The study provides valuable insights into metabolomic changes associated with breast cancer, identifying potential biomarkers that could enhance early detection and diagnosis.

PMID:40515893 | DOI:10.1007/s11306-025-02265-9

Lifetime Data Anal. 2025 Jun 14. doi: 10.1007/s10985-025-09658-x. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

We study shape-constrained nonparametric estimation of the underlying survival function in a cross-sectional study without follow-up. Assuming the rate of initiation event is stationary over time, the observed current duration becomes a length-biased and multiplicatively censored counterpart of the underlying failure time of interest. We focus on two shape constraints for the underlying survival function, namely, log-concavity and convexity. The log-concavity constraint is versatile as it allows for log-concave densities, bi-log-concave distributions, increasing densities, and multi-modal densities. We establish the consistency and pointwise asymptotic distribution of the shape-constrained estimators. Specifically, the proposed estimator under log-concavity is consistent and tuning-parameter-free, thus circumventing the well-known inconsistency issue of the Grenander estimator at 0, where correction methods typically involve tuning parameters.

PMID:40515884 | DOI:10.1007/s10985-025-09658-x