Tag: nevin manimala

BMC Med. 2025 May 28;23(1):297. doi: 10.1186/s12916-025-04109-8.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Obesity and overweight are prevailing concerns in modern society, but high BMI shows an established correlation with the risk of cancers that impacts not only medical issues but also economic performance. This study analyzes the economic loss due to high BMI-caused cancers (HBCCs).

METHODS: This study used the comprehensive Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 database and estimated the economic loss of HBCCs through the Value of Statistical Life approach (VSLA), incorporating a willingness-to-pay metric. Health burdens are expressed in age-standardized DALYs and death rates, and economic burdens are shown in dollars lost (2021 PPP) calculated from total DALYs. A joinpoint regression analysis was utilized to capture the temporal trends, cancer incidence, and economic losses attributed to high BMI across various countries and income levels. We calculated the average annual percentage change (AAPC) in total economic loss to evaluate the trend over the study period.

RESULTS: There is a growing trend in both economic loss and disease burden of HBCCs on a global level. Colon and rectum cancer (CRC) show the highest economic loss ($2593.159 million, UI: 1109.04-4119.61, to $7294.52 million, UI: 3134.75-11,511.13), with pancreatic (AAPC: 10.47*, CI: 8.01-13.51) and liver cancer (AAPC: 8.08*, CI: 5.77-10.35) being the fastest growing cause. The cancer burden for all measures positively correlates with the country’s income level; high-income countries are the only group to experience a decreasing trend in the health burden, but they are still increasing in economic burden. Differences in loss of certain types of cancer and gender gap are observed in different income tiers.

CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate a significant upward trend in economic loss, highlighting the urgency for strengthened policy measures. It is crucial for policymakers to implement effective risk reduction and resilience-building strategies to mitigate future economic loss and better protect vulnerable communities.

PMID:40437534 | DOI:10.1186/s12916-025-04109-8

BMC Womens Health. 2025 May 29;25(1):263. doi: 10.1186/s12905-025-03758-4.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: This study aims to analyze the changes in inflammatory cytokines and state fatigue after exposure to a mental or physical fatiguing activity in breast cancer survivors (BCS).

METHODS: A total of 46 BCS women (age: 58.9 ± 9.1) were recruited for this study and randomly assigned to one of three groups: exposure to physical fatigue (n = 16), mental fatigue (n = 15), or control (n = 15). Participants exposed to physical fatigue performed a 6-minute walk/run test. Participants exposed to mental fatigue performed a version of a dual 2-back task on a computer. Participants in the control group watched a video for 6 min. Clinically significant fatigue was defined by the FACIT-F. Analytes in serum were profiled using the Bio-Plex 200 Suspension Array System, specifically IL-1β, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, eotaxin, TNF-α, TGF-β1, and VEGF.

RESULTS: Changes in inflammatory factors in response to the assigned fatigue-inducing tasks were mainly not statistically significant. The presence of clinically significant fatigue reported at baseline was, however, related to reactions to fatigue-inducing stimuli. Levels of TGF-β and eotaxin were consistently altered in reactions to fatigue-inducing tasks, particularly in those with clinical fatigue.

CONCLUSIONS: Clinically significant fatigue is related to increased inflammatory reactions to mentally or physically fatiguing tasks, highlighting the consistent impact that fatigue has across various challenges of daily activities. Acute fatigue challenges, the kind that BCS would be exposed to in everyday circumstances, does increase inflammatory responses, and those with clinically significant levels of fatigue at baseline are more likely to show these effects.

PMID:40437526 | DOI:10.1186/s12905-025-03758-4

Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2025 May 28;22(1):63. doi: 10.1186/s12966-025-01761-4.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Addressing prolonged workplace sitting is an identified priority. A national implementation trial of BeUpstanding™ – an online workplace intervention supporting teams of desk-based workers to sit less and move more – successfully reduced worker sitting time in a large sample of workers. However, it is unclear which strategies workers used to sit less and move more, how usage changed following intervention, and how this related to changes in work activity and sitting.

METHODS: BeUpstanding collected data from staff before and after the 8-week champion-delivered intervention regarding self-reported work behaviours (percentage of worktime sitting and moving; percentage sitting in prolonged bouts) and the usage (0 = never to 4 = always/nearly always) of 21 sit less/move more strategies (13 emphasised ‘move more’). Strategy usage during versus before intervention were compared via linear mixed models. Strategy usage (0-4) and changes (-4-4) were tested in relation to post-intervention behaviours and behaviour changes using linear mixed models. Interaction tests and conditional inference trees compared strategies in their effectiveness.

RESULTS: Across 1614 staff (43.1 ± 11.3 years; 66% female) from 66 workplaces, the number of strategies used at least sometimes averaged 9.56 (SE = 0.19) pre-intervention. Strategy usage increased significantly (p < 0.05) in the number of strategies used (2.45 [95% CI: 2.18, 2.73], p < 0.001), mean strategy usage (0.37 [0.33, 0.41], p < 0.001), move-more strategy usage, and for every strategy except active travel. Every strategy was used by > 10% of staff following intervention. Strategy usage and changes were significantly associated with all behaviours and behaviour changes (all p < 0.01). There were significant differences in the strength of these associations between strategies (p < 0.05) and for move-more strategies versus other strategies (p < 0.05); however, no strategies were statistically counterproductive. Conditional inference trees identified various combinations of strategies whose usage predicted outcomes.

CONCLUSIONS: All strategies showed acceptability (used by > 10%), most were modifiable (increased with intervention), and, to varying degrees, their usage was associated with work behaviours. Findings suggest all 21 strategies are suitable for Australian desk-based workers to select based on personal and contextual fit. Strategies most strongly linked with all behaviours or targeted behaviours (i.e., increasing movement) might be emphasised to enhance effectiveness.

TRIAL REGISTRATION: ACTRN12617000682347. The trial was prospectively registered on the 12th May, 2017 (ACTRN12617000682347) before the soft launch online and last updated on the 11th June 2019, before the national implementation trial recruitment commenced (12th June, 2019).

PMID:40437510 | DOI:10.1186/s12966-025-01761-4

BMC Oral Health. 2025 May 28;25(1):816. doi: 10.1186/s12903-025-06191-z.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The forces of the jaw muscles are transmitted to the dentition and the temporomandibular joints (TMJs). Imbalances in the force distribution can lead to occlusal trauma, excessive tooth wear, or TMJ osteoarthritis, making the assessment of bite force (BF) distribution clinically significant. Existing thin-film BF measurement devices capture the magnitudes of a system of BFs distributed at multiple occlusal contacts (OCs), but fail to capture their directional components, limiting their clinical utility. This study aimed to develop a method for representing BF systems as a wrench, a simplified force-couple model, using digital dentistry tools and to evaluate its reliability in terms of interexaminer reproducibility.

METHODS: A semi-automated system was developed to integrate thin-film BF measurement data with digital models of maxillary and mandibular dental arches. BF systems were represented as wrenches with six parameters: force magnitude, axis location (x, y), axis orientation (frontal, sagittal), and pitch (moment-to-force ratio).Ten young adult participants (5 women, 5 men; mean age: 20.1 ± 2.9 years) were recruited. BF measurements were performed on all participants using the developed system. Two independent examiners manually assigned BFs to the identified OCs separately, and the reliability of these assignments was evaluated based on inter-examiner agreement. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) for wrench parameters were calculated to assess the consistency of biomechanical outcomes using appropriate statistical tests, with significance set at p < 0.05.

RESULTS: The proposed system allowed substantial automation, and the manual steps were limited to segmenting the interocclusal record model for each mandibular tooth and assigning BFs to the identified OCs. The interexaminer agreement was evaluated for the BFs assigned to the identified OCs, which yielded an 87% match rate. Furthermore, the impact on wrench parameters was assessed using ICCs, which ranged from 0.93 to 0.99, indicating high reliability.

CONCLUSIONS: The developed system efficiently integrates BF measurements and three-dimensional OC analysis, providing a practical method for clinical evaluation of the BF systems. In addition, the system provided consistent outcomes in biomechanical analyses across different examiners.

PMID:40437504 | DOI:10.1186/s12903-025-06191-z

BMC Oral Health. 2025 May 28;25(1):832. doi: 10.1186/s12903-025-06189-7.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Lichen planus (LP) is a chronic inflammatory disease that affects the skin and mucous membranes, including the oral cavity. The prevalence of oral lichen planus (OLP) in the general population is estimated to be between 0.5% and 2%, with a higher incidence observed in women aged between 30 and 80 years. The etiology of OLP remains unclear, which presents a significant challenge in terms of diagnosis and treatment. This systematic review assessed the efficacy of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and injectable platelet-rich fibrin (i-PRF) in the treatment of OLP.

METHODS: A comprehensive literature search was conducted via multiple databases in accordance with the PRISMA 2020 guidelines.

RESULTS: A total of seven randomized controlled trials were subjected to analysis. It has been demonstrated that both PRP and i-PRF have the capacity to significantly improve clinical outcomes, including pain and lesion severity. However, the majority of studies have not demonstrated statistically significant differences between PRP/i-PRF and corticosteroid treatments.

CONCLUSIONS: While PRP and i-PRF demonstrate potential in alleviating symptoms and promoting tissue healing, their effectiveness appears to be analogous to that of corticosteroids in the majority of RCTs. Further high-quality, standardized studies are required to substantiate their function as alternative or adjunctive therapies in the management of OLP.

TRIAL REGISTRATION: This systematic review was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) on 28 November 2024 (PROSPERO 2024 CRD42024615291).

PMID:40437498 | DOI:10.1186/s12903-025-06189-7

BMC Oral Health. 2025 May 28;25(1):831. doi: 10.1186/s12903-025-06229-2.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The deep margin elevation (DME) technique provides advantages for root canal treatment, but the impact of applied irrigation protocols on bonding for subsequent restorations is a significant concern. The aim of this in vitro study was to test the bond strength of a flowable resin material used in DME restorations after composite restorations were exposed to different irrigation protocols.

METHODS: Standard composite samples (G-aenial^® Universal Injectable) were divided into nine groups according to irrigation protocols. Untreated composite sample were used as control. The group A were kept in 5.25% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and the group B were kept in 3.5% chlorine dioxide (ClO₂) for 30 min. Then, the following treatment protocols were applied to the subgroups, respectively. Group1A/B: 17%EDTA + 5.25%NaOCl + Distilled Water + 2%CHX, Group2A/B: 18%HEDP + 5.25%NaOCl + Distilled Water + 2%CHX, Group3A/B: 17%EDTA + 3.5%ClO₂ + Distilled Water + 2%CHX, Group4A/B: 18%HEDP + 3.5%ClO₂ + Distilled Water + 2%CHX. After irrigation procedures, samples were washed with distilled water and sandblasted. G-Premio Bond and composite restorations (G-aenial^® A’CHORD) were applied. The samples were then cut perpendicular to the interface with an IsoMet^® low speed diamond saw under water. For the microtensile bond strength test, rectangular sticks with an average cross-sectional area of ∼1 mm² will be obtained. The first section with 1-mm thickness was excluded to prevent its possible confounding effect on the results. Three sections were obtained of each sample (n = 15) and tested for microtensile bond strength. The analysis of the data collected in accordance with the purpose of the study was performed with One-way ANOVA (n = 15). For multiple comparisons between groups, it was evaluated with Tukey HSD test.

RESULTS: Groups A1 and A2, immersed in NaOCl for 30 min, showed statistically significantly lower bond strength compared to Group B3, immersed in ClO₂ for 30 min, and the control group (P < 0.05). The use of ClO₂ irrigation is recommended due to its positive effects on bond strength.

CONCLUSION: Prolonged NaOCl irrigation may adversely affect the bond strength of flowable composites used for deep margin elevation.

PMID:40437497 | DOI:10.1186/s12903-025-06229-2

BMC Med. 2025 May 28;23(1):314. doi: 10.1186/s12916-025-04035-9.

NO ABSTRACT

PMID:40437496 | DOI:10.1186/s12916-025-04035-9

BMC Med. 2025 May 28;23(1):305. doi: 10.1186/s12916-025-04139-2.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: While the protective role of body mass index (BMI) in bone mass has been well-documented, the divergent associations between BMI and estimated bone mineral density (eBMD), attributed to its highly heterogeneous nature, remain insufficiently understood.

METHODS: Leveraging the hitherto largest genome-wide summary statistics, we conducted a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) to re-evaluate the effect of genetically predicted BMI on eBMD. Then, MR-Clust was applied to examine the potential presence of distinct causal pathways underlying the BMI-eBMD link. Utilizing tissue-partitioned MR, we estimated the distinct effects of separated tissue-specific subcomponents of BMI on eBMD, further supplemented by multivariable MR of body composition phenotypes on eBMD.

RESULTS: We reconfirmed the significant positive association between genetically predicted BMI and eBMD (β_IVW = 0.13, P value = 1.28 × 10^-34). Potential distinct causal pathways contributing to the observed total effect were identified by MR-Clust, with some exerting a protective effect while others leading to its deterioration. Tissue-partitioned MR suggested a marginally independent protective association between skeletal muscle-tissue instrumented BMI and eBMD (β_IVW = 0.14, P value = 4.98 × 10^-2) after accounting for adipose-tissue instrumented BMI, which was supported by the independent association between genetically predicted lean mass and eBMD after accounting for other body composition phenotypes.

CONCLUSIONS: Our results shed preliminary insights into the intricate relationship between obesity and bone mass, highlighting divergent causal pathways underlying the association between BMI and eBMD. Our findings emphasize the potential importance of precision obesity management over merely a general indicator as BMI in future public health strategies for osteoporosis prevention.

PMID:40437494 | DOI:10.1186/s12916-025-04139-2

BMC Oral Health. 2025 May 28;25(1):821. doi: 10.1186/s12903-025-06193-x.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Forensic dentistry is crucial in human identification, with dental age estimation being a key component of this process. The deposition of secondary dentin over an individual’s lifetime, along with the resulting changes in tooth anatomy, serves as an important factor in age estimation. The objective of this study was to develop regression equations for estimating age in adults based on linear measurements and ratios obtained from axial, sagittal, and coronal planes of the maxillary central incisors in the Iraqi subpopulation using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT).

METHODS: In this retrospective cross-sectional study, Multiplanar measurements of 400 maxillary central incisors from subjects ranging in age from 18 to 84 years were taken for a sample of 200 CBCTs. The data were analyzed using independent Student’s t-test, Mann-Whitney test, and Spearman’s and Pearson’s correlation coefficients to determine the strength of correlations. Multiple regression analysis was performed to predict age, and a p-value of ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

RESULTS: The age range of the participants was 18-84 years. The results revealed a statistically significant difference in age between male and female samples (p = 0.018). Consequently, separate age estimation equations were developed for each sex. In males, the equation derived from multiplanar linear measurements demonstrated a standard error of estimate (SEE) of ± 10.84 years, with a coefficient of determination (R²) of 0.49. In contrast, the equation for females, based on multiplanar measurements, yielded a SEE of ± 11.11 years and an R² value of 0.393.

CONCLUSIONS: Based on the findings of this study, dental morphometric measurement of maxillary central incisors using CBCT was found to be an acceptable method for age estimation especially for identification of unknow human remains. Horizontal measurements improve the accuracy of age estimate equations.

PMID:40437491 | DOI:10.1186/s12903-025-06193-x

BMC Health Serv Res. 2025 May 28;25(1):767. doi: 10.1186/s12913-025-12922-3.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: While allied health plays a central role in healthcare, workforce challenges are straining the sector. Challenges are shaped by population changes, emerging models of care, and educational limitations, and were exacerbated by COVID-19. This study aimed to identify drivers of recruitment and retention for allied health clinicians in an Australian metropolitan setting. Identifying and addressing these factors is essential to the design and implementation of tailored, evidence-informed workforce strategy and policy.

METHODS: This cross-sectional, online survey explored workplace attraction, job seeking behaviours, and workplace perceptions. 29 Likert-scale statements informed by the existing literature examined factors influencing allied health retention. Allied health employees from a single Australian metropolitan health network were invited to participate. Descriptive statistics, logistic regression, and deductive content analysis were undertaken.

RESULTS: 42.6% (n = 593) of those invited participated in the survey, with 45.7% (n = 271) of participants having been with the organisation for six or more years. 35% (n = 197) of respondents to a question about intention to leave agreed that they aimed to leave their current role within six months. Variables associated with intention to leave were not feeling a sense of satisfaction with their role (odds ratio [OR] 1.51, 95% CI 1.22-1.85), not being recognised and rewarded by the team manager (OR 1.37, 95% CI 1.12-1.67), not working in the preferred clinical area (OR 1.56; 95% CI 1.25-1.95), and feeling burned out by the job (OR 1.44; 95% CI 1.16-1.78). Qualitative findings support the centrality of aspects of the job (job characteristics), the organisational context (rewards offered; climate; organisational support) and person-context interface (peer/group relations; work-life conflict) to attraction, retention, and attrition in roles.

CONCLUSION: This study identifies factors affecting recruitment, retention, and attrition of allied health professionals in a metropolitan setting. Findings are impacted by the personal and professional effects of the COVID-19 pandemic response. Results provide a baseline upon which the impact of interventions can be measured, while informing the prioritisation and design of tailored workforce strategies. Further, findings may inform local policy responses to improve the allied health workforce and ensure excellent care for the community.

PMID:40437489 | DOI:10.1186/s12913-025-12922-3