Tag: nevin manimala

Clin Oral Investig. 2025 May 27;29(6):315. doi: 10.1007/s00784-025-06390-6.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Molar-incisor hypomineralization (MIH) results in teeth that are highly prone to dental caries, sensitive to temperature changes and challenging to restore due to the atypical cavities or coronal deformation.

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to assess the prevalence of MIH, the characteristics of affected first permanent molars (FPMs), and the relationship between MIH and hypomineralized second primary molars (HSPM) among primary school children in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.

METHODS: Jeddah City was divided into three regions, and 12-schools were randomly selected through stratified sampling. The inclusion criteria involved 7 to 9 years old children who had at least one erupted FPM. The caries status was assessed using the World Health Organization (WHO) indices dmft/DMFT. The assessment of MIH was conducted based on the criteria established by the European Academy of Pediatric Dentistry at their meeting in Athens in 2003.

RESULTS: A total of 2,019 children participated with an MIH prevalence of MIH 18.3% (369 patients), and an HSPM prevalence of 1.8% (36 patients). The mean DMFT/dmft index was 5.99 ± 4.08. White creamy opacities were the most common presentation of FPMs and HSPM (about 80% of MIH-affected FPMs). A statistically significant association was found between MIH and HSPM and increased odds ratio of MIH with HSPM (P < 0.001, OR = 5.96, and 95% CI: 5.3-6.57).

CONCLUSION: The prevalence of MIH was higher than compared to the reported Middle East studies. The white creamy opacities were the most common presentations of MIH. A strong association existed between MIH and HSPM and an increased risk of having MIH when the child was found to have HSPM.

PMID:40423935 | DOI:10.1007/s00784-025-06390-6

Cardiovasc Toxicol. 2025 May 27. doi: 10.1007/s12012-025-10009-3. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Previous studies have inconclusively examined the associations of metals or polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) with cardiovascular disease (CVD) separately, highlighting the need to explore their combined association with CVD. Based on the 2011-2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, the association of 12 metals and six PAHs in urine with CVD was analyzed using weighted logistic regression, weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression, and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR). Crucial metals and PAHs were screened, and dose-response, subgroup, interactions, and mediation analyses were conducted. 4306 participants were included, of whom 406 had CVD. Weighted logistic regression showed that cadmium (OR = 1.41, 95% CI 1.11-1.78), tin (OR = 1.63, 95% CI 1.03-2.60), and 1-hydroxypyrene (1-PYR) (OR = 1.40, 95% CI 1.15-1.69) were positively correlated with CVD. These factors also showed a linear relation with CVD. The WQS and BKMR models indicated that the combined association of 12 metals and six PAHs was positively associated with CVD. Cadmium, cesium, tin, uranium, and 1-PYR played critical roles (all weights > 0.050). Subgroup analysis revealed that these substances were mostly positively associated with CVD in young and middle-aged people, smokers, drinkers, and those who were overweight. There was an interaction between tin and smoking status (P for interaction < 0.05). Cadmium and tin mediated 18.40% and 6.90% of the association of 1-PYR with CVD, respectively, whereas the proportions of the mediating effects of 1-PYR in the association of cadmium and tin with CVD were 8.10% and 7.90%, respectively. Overall, higher levels of urinary metals and PAHs mixtures may be associated with higher CVD prevalence. Cadmium, cesium, tin, uranium, and 1-PYR played crucial roles in this association. Cadmium and tin played mediating roles in the association between 1-PYR and CVD. Meanwhile, 1-PYR also played a mediating role in the association between cadmium and tin and CVD.

PMID:40423918 | DOI:10.1007/s12012-025-10009-3

Ambio. 2025 May 27. doi: 10.1007/s13280-025-02188-8. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Loss of soil organic carbon (SOC) from farmland is a key threat to the capacity of soils to provide ecosystem services and exacerbates climate change. In alignment with a published protocol, we conducted a review and meta-analysis of time series of SOC measurements in long-term agricultural experiments to study absolute SOC changes under different agricultural management regimes. Our results show that SOC in the upper 30 cm layer generally declined across long-term experiments (214 time data series in arable land across 23 sites in temperate to cold regions), but reducing tillage, adding organic amendments, diversifying crop rotations and avoiding bare fallows reduced losses. Furthermore, a net increase in SOC content is achieved when combining all four interventions. Applying multiple strategies for SOC preservation can unleash the potential for agricultural land to become a carbon sink while safeguarding agricultural yields for future generations.

PMID:40423915 | DOI:10.1007/s13280-025-02188-8

Environ Monit Assess. 2025 May 27;197(6):682. doi: 10.1007/s10661-025-14119-x.

ABSTRACT

Transboundary air pollution (TAP) imposes high health and economic burdens on neighboring regions, further causing the issue of environmental injustice. In this study, changes in PM_2.5 concentrations resulting from TAP across various provinces in China were quantitatively analyzed, and the quadratic assignment procedure (QAP) method was employed to explore influencing factors from a regional heterogeneity perspective, with the aim of reducing the impact of transboundary pollution. The results reveal the following: (1) The impact of TAP continued to decrease in all provinces. Compared with those in other regions, inland central cities were more significantly affected. (2) Hebei and Jiangsu were identified as the primary pollution sources, and they exported significant amounts of pollutants to neighboring provinces. In contrast, Shaanxi and Chongqing were the main recipients. The reason for this finding is that TAP is influenced by both geographical proximity and regional development differences. (3) Disparities in the total factor energy efficiency played a crucial role in determining pollution spillover in the short term. In the long term, reducing the gaps in environmental regulations between regions constituted the core element for mitigating TAP. Additionally, the subregional regression analysis results indicated that differences in the industrial structure positively affected the broker and net spillover sectors. On the basis of these findings, targeted policy recommendations for regional collaboration, balanced spatial development, and differentiated governance were formulated.

PMID:40423902 | DOI:10.1007/s10661-025-14119-x

Lasers Med Sci. 2025 May 27;40(1):245. doi: 10.1007/s10103-025-04497-6.

ABSTRACT

This study aimed to evaluate quantitatively the effects of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on bone healing performed after rapid maxillary expansion (RME) in rats, using micro-computed tomography (micro-CT). Ninety rats were used, randomly distributed into three groups: control (n = 10) (young and adult rats – intact suture), experimental I (n = 40) (young and adult rats with RME without LLLT), and experimental II (n = 40) (young and adult rats with RME + LLLT). Five rats from the groups were euthanized on days 0, 7, 14, and 21 of the experiment and evaluated by microCT analysis. The laser increased the bone formation volume at 7 and 14 days (young rats) and 14 days (adult rats) were statistically significant (p < 0.05), but at the end of the healing (21 days), no statistically significant difference was observed between the laser and no-laser groups (p > 0.05). These findings suggest that LLLT improves bone mineralization during the early healing phases after RME, accelerating the process of bone mineralization during the initial experimental phase, which may have clinical implications in reducing orthodontic treatment duration and improving bone stability.

PMID:40423898 | DOI:10.1007/s10103-025-04497-6

Neurosurg Rev. 2025 May 27;48(1):449. doi: 10.1007/s10143-025-03599-7.

ABSTRACT

Arginine-Vasopressine deficiency (AVP-D), formerly known as Central Diabetes Insipidus, is a well-known complication in surgery for sellar/parasellar masses. Although less frequent in endoscopic series than transcranial and microscopic transsphenoidal ones, AVP-D has been variably related to different factors. Focusing the work on pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumors (PitNET), all patients who were treated endoscopically at a single centre were retrospectively reviewed to analyze the occurrence of this complication. Patient’s characteristics, radiological information, and operative data were collected for patients who underwent surgery for PitNET at the same Institution by a single surgeon in the period 2016-2022. AVP-D was diagnosed in the presence of new-onset hypotonic polyuria with or without hypernatremia and was defined persistent if required a treatment with desmopressine/DDAVP for more than 6 months. Out of 349 patients (mean age at surgery 57.5 years old) 44 (12.6%) developed AVP-D (25 transient and 19 permanent). Younger age, the presence of an intraoperative CSF leak, the maximum diameter of the lesion, its suprasellar extension (considering the presence of a visual deficit), consistency of the lesion (distinguishing 4 classes, soft, soft-fibrous, fibrous and fibrous-firm), the extent of resection and the functioning status showed some relationship at univariate analysis (p < 0.05) with this complication. Larger diameter and longer operative time were seen more frequently in permanent AVP-D. A more solid intraoperative consistency with the presence of adherences (class 4 vs. class 1, OR 11.14, 95%CI 1.20-103.4) and the appearance of an intraoperative CSF-leak (OR 8.27, 95%CI 3.92-17.47) maintained a statistical significance in the multivariate logistic regression, with an older age being a protective factor in developing this deficiency (OR 0.96, 95%CI 0.95-0.99). The recognition of factors that can predict the onset of AVP-D with a certain degree of accuracy enables the entire staff to pay greater attention to the patient at risk in the postoperative period, thus preventing AVP-D complications.

PMID:40423881 | DOI:10.1007/s10143-025-03599-7

Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2025 May 27;145(1):319. doi: 10.1007/s00402-025-05924-7.

ABSTRACT

AIMS: Orthopedic registries have provided valuable knowledge about risk for and prognosis after total hip arthroplasties (THA), knee arthroplasties (KA), and hip fractures. However, registries are often limited by the lack of data on health risk behaviors, quality of life, and social background, which are readily available in surveys. We examined if participants in The Danish National Health Survey, based on self-administered questionnaires, are representative of THA, KA, and hip fracture patients.

METHODS: Patients were identified in the Danish orthopedic registries and linked with survey data (from 2010, 2013, and 2017) on an individual level. Data on age, sex, comorbidity, medication, markers of socioeconomic position, and healthcare utilization were assessed from the Danish medical databases. We calculated the proportions of variables before and after surgery, comparing patients who had and had not participated in surveys.

RESULTS: We included 177,617 THA surgeries (4.5% of patients completed pre-surgery surveys and 7.0% completed post-surgery surveys), 152,154 KA surgeries (7.0% of patients completed pre-surgery surveys and 6.2% completed post-surgery surveys) and 92,600 hip fracture surgeries (3.8% of patients completed pre-surgery surveys and 2.2% completed post-surgery surveys). Survey participants and non-participants had similar age and sex distribution in the three cohorts. Based on comorbidity, medication, and healthcare utilization, participants appeared slightly healthier than non-participants. There was a slight variation in socioeconomic markers for THA and KA patients between participants and non-participants.

CONCLUSION: The Danish National Health Survey provides a sample that appears to be largely representative of all THA, KA, and hip fracture patients in Denmark. Survey data could be a valuable data source for further studies of the risks and outcomes associated with patients undergoing THA and KA and those suffering from hip fractures, while carefully considering the identified similarities and differences when designing studies and analyzing the survey data.

PMID:40423851 | DOI:10.1007/s00402-025-05924-7

Int J Legal Med. 2025 May 27. doi: 10.1007/s00414-025-03523-0. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

In forensic practice, the estimation of postmortem interval has been a persistent challenge. Recently, there has been an increasing utilization of metabolomics techniques combined with machine learning methods for postmortem interval estimation. When examining metabolite changes from a global perspective, rather than relying on specific substance changes, estimating postmortem interval through machine learning methods is more precise and entails fewer errors. Prior studies have investigated the use of metabolomics to estimate postmortem interval. Nevertheless, most of them focused on analyzing the metabolomic properties of a single organ or biofluid concerning a specific temperature. In this study, we employ the GC-MS platform to identify metabolites in the liver, kidney, and quadriceps femoris muscle of mechanically suffocated Sprague Dawley rats at various temperatures. Multivariable statistical analysis was used to determine differential compounds from the original data. The machine learning method was used to establish models for the estimation of postmortem interval under various ambient temperatures. As indicated by the results, liver, kidney, and quadriceps femoris muscle samples were screened for 24, 18, and 19 differential metabolites respectively, associated with postmortem interval under various ambient temperatures. Based on the metabolites listed above, the support vector regression models were established by utilizing single-organ and multi-organ metabolomics data for postmortem interval estimation. The multi-organ model showed a higher estimation accuracy. Also, a comprehensive generalization postmortem interval estimation model was established with multi-organ metabolomics data and temperature variables, which can be used for the postmortem interval estimation within the temperature range of 5-35℃. These results demonstrate that a multi-organ model utilizing metabolomics techniques can accurately estimate the postmortem interval under various ambient temperatures. Meanwhile, this research establishes a strong foundation for the practical application of metabolomics in postmortem interval estimation.

PMID:40423808 | DOI:10.1007/s00414-025-03523-0

Cancer Immunol Immunother. 2025 May 27;74(7):225. doi: 10.1007/s00262-025-04043-x.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The optimal first-line therapy for metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) remains uncertain, despite recent advancements in immune-based combinations. This retrospective study compares the effectiveness of pembrolizumab plus axitinib (PA) and nivolumab plus cabozantinib (NC) as first-line treatments for mRCC in a real-world setting.

METHODS: Patient data were collected from 55 centers across 16 countries, encompassing individuals diagnosed with mRCC receiving first-line treatment with PA or NC between January 2016 and October 2023. Clinical and tumor features and treatment responses were recorded. The primary endpoints were overall response rate (ORR), overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and time to second progression. Statistical analyses included Kaplan-Meier survival estimates, Cox proportional hazard models, and chi-square tests.

RESULTS: A total of 760 patients with a median age of 64 years (range, 29-88) were included. Of them, 607 received PA, and only 153 NC. In the overall study population, ORR was 59% for and 49% for PA. Median OS was 55.7 months and not reached (NR) for PA and NC, respectively (P = .51), while median PFS was longer with NC (27.6 months) than for PA (16.2 months, P = .003). Subgroup analysis suggested a PFS benefits for NC in male, younger patients, intermediate risk group, clear cell histology, and lung involvement, as well as ORR favored NC in good risk patients. Multivariate analysis identified first-line therapy as a significant factor associated with PFS.

CONCLUSIONS: In this certainly biased retrospective comparison, NC demonstrated superior ORR and longer PFS compared to PA in mRCC. These findings underscore the importance of considering individual patient characteristics and risk profiles when selecting first-line therapy for mRCC.

PMID:40423789 | DOI:10.1007/s00262-025-04043-x

Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2025 May 27. doi: 10.1007/s00404-025-08067-7. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Telemedicine offers new opportunities in perioperative care, particularly for patients with female malignancies. This study investigated factors influencing patient acceptance of telemedical services during the preoperative phase.

METHODS: Between May and November 2022, 145 patients with breast or gynecologic malignancies completed a structured questionnaire in a cross-sectional study during preoperative consultation. Sociodemographic factors, digital experience, and privacy concerns were assessed. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-tests, Chi-square, Mann-Whitney U-tests, and binary logistic regression.

RESULTS: Overall, 69% of patients expressed agreement with perioperative telemedicine. Younger age (mean 50.6 vs. 59.3 years; p = 0.001) and greater digital experience, especially video call usage (p = 0.005), significantly predicted approval. The most preferred modality was browser-based video consultation (47%; p = 0.007). No significant associations were found for distance to clinic (p = 0.672), EQ-VAS score (p = 0.597), or number of prior clinic visits (p = 0.331). Barriers included data protection concerns (p < 0.001) and discomfort with receiving sensitive information via telemedicine (p < 0.001).

CONCLUSION: Most patients view telemedicine as a valuable supplement to traditional care. Acceptance depends on age, digital literacy, and the perceived sensitivity of clinical communication. Tailored implementation respecting patient preferences is essential.

PMID:40423772 | DOI:10.1007/s00404-025-08067-7