Tag: nevin manimala

Clin Rheumatol. 2025 Jul 7. doi: 10.1007/s10067-025-07523-8. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Autoimmune enteropathy (AIE) and common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) can both manifest as chronic diarrhea and small intestinal villous atrophy, making their differentiation challenging.

AIMS: To explore the similarities and differences in the clinical manifestations, laboratory tests, pathological features, and long-term prognoses between these two diseases.

METHODS: This retrospective study included 26 AIE patients and 29 CVID patients with gastrointestinal (GI) involvement who were admitted to our center from June 2012 to May 2024, with all their medical records reviewed. Differences between the two diseases were evaluated via statistical tests.

RESULTS: Compared with CVID patients, AIE patients experienced a shorter duration of severe diarrhea, greater weight loss, and more severe hypoalbuminemia and electrolyte imbalances. Furthermore, CVID patients exhibited a notable history of recurrent respiratory infections; significantly lower serum levels of IgG, IgM, and IgA; a marked decrease in B-cell and CD4 + T-cell counts; and a significant inversion of the CD4 + /CD8 + ratio within peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets. Endoscopically, AIE patients are more likely to present with active inflammatory changes, such as erosions and hyperemia. On the basis of histopathological analysis of 23 AIE patients and 24 CVID patients, AIE patients presented with reduced goblet and Paneth cells, pronounced neutrophilic infiltration, and more frequent apoptotic bodies, while CVID patients demonstrated reduced plasma cells and deep crypt lymphocytosis. The diagnostic efficiency of the five pathological items in the duodenum (AUC 0.937), which includes goblet cell and Paneth cell reduction, was greater than that of the four-item combination (AUC 0.622). Long-term follow-up indicated that patients with both conditions were prone to diarrhea relapse, and CVID patients showed a slightly longer median relapse-free survival than did AIE patients.

CONCLUSIONS: Although AIE patients and CVID patients share many similarities, they exhibit significant differences. A thorough medical history, laboratory tests, and endoscopic and histopathological results provide compelling evidence for their differential diagnosis. Key Points • Both AIE and CVID with gastrointestinal involvement are immune-mediated diseases characterized by chronic diarrhea and small intestinal villi atrophy, making clinical diagnosis difficult. • AIE and CVID have different characteristics that can be used to distinguish them, especially pathological findings.

PMID:40622608 | DOI:10.1007/s10067-025-07523-8

Sleep Breath. 2025 Jul 7;29(4):233. doi: 10.1007/s11325-025-03392-2.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Sleep is essential for mental and physical health, significantly impacting overall quality of life. The Body Roundness Index (BRI) has emerged as a novel measure that captures body fat distribution more accurately than traditional indices such as BMI. Thus, aim of this study is to find the relationship between BRI and sleep quality.

METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Nutrition and Obesity Awareness Center, Xzmat Medical City, Kurdistan Region, Iraq, from 2022 to 2024. A total of 4,813 participants aged 18-65 were recruited. BRI was calculated using standard equations incorporating height, weight, and waist circumference. Sleep quality was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and wearable actigraphy devices. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 26.0, with logistic regression models used to determine the association between BRI and sleep quality, adjusting for potential confounders.

RESULTS: Participants were categorized into BRI tertiles: T1 (< 3.19), T2 (3.20-6.01), and T3 (> 6.02). Higher BRI was associated with poorer sleep quality, shorter sleep duration, increased sleep disturbances, longer sleep latency, and greater day dysfunction due to sleepiness. Adequate sleep quality significantly decreased from 75.6% in T1 to 23.4% in T3 (p < 0.001). Logistic regression revealed that higher BRI tertiles were significantly associated with increased odds of inadequate sleep quality (OR for T3: 11.75, 95% CI: 10.13-13.60, p < 0.001) even after adjusting for confounders.

CONCLUSION: The study demonstrates a significant association between higher BRI and poorer sleep quality among Kurdish adults. These findings underscore the importance of considering body fat distribution in addressing sleep health. Public health interventions targeting weight management may also improve sleep quality and overall health in this population.

PMID:40622600 | DOI:10.1007/s11325-025-03392-2

Acta Parasitol. 2025 Jul 7;70(4):149. doi: 10.1007/s11686-025-01085-0.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: Paragonimiasis is a neglected tropical disease, often mistaken with common respiratory diseases, has resulted in substantial global literature. However, there is a notable lack of comprehensive literature specifically focused on paragonimiasis in Southeast Asia (SEA). To address this gap, we conducted a bibliometric assessment to provide an overview of existing literature on this disease.

METHODS: A literature search was performed in SCOPUS, with metadata analysis using the Bibliometrix package in R. Network visualization was conducted through VOSViewer 1.6.20. Additionally, country-specific socio-economic data were obtained from the World Bank and correlated with scientific productivity using Spearman’s correlation analysis, with a significant level set at p-value < 0.05.

RESULTS: This study revealed that Thailand leads in paragonimiasis research within SEA contributing the most in terms of authors, institutions, and publications, followed by Vietnam and the Philippines. Paragonimus heterotremus emerged as the most highly cited Paragonimus species in the region. Keyword co-occurrence analysis identified three key research clusters: clinical epidemiology, molecular genetics, and immunodiagnostics. The latter has gained significant attention in recent years. Among socio-economic factors, research collaborations were statistically significant in enhancing scientific productivity in paragonimiasis research across SEA.

CONCLUSION: The study underscores the importance of strengthening international collaborations to advance paragonimiasis research. It also highlights immunodiagnostics as a crucial area for future research and policy development.

PMID:40622582 | DOI:10.1007/s11686-025-01085-0

Pediatr Nephrol. 2025 Jul 7. doi: 10.1007/s00467-025-06876-1. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Prematurity has been linked to kidney dysfunction from infancy through adulthood. Children born very preterm are at particular risk due to interrupted nephrogenesis. However, early detection remains challenging, and a uniform monitoring strategy is lacking.

METHODS: This cross-sectional study involved school-aged (6-16 years) children born at ≤ 32 weeks of gestation, with no history of small for gestational age (SGA). They were further stratified by birth weight (BW): low, very low, and extremely low (LBW, VLBW, ELBW) categories. Age- and sex-matched full-term children served as controls. Anthropometry, blood pressure (BP), and kidney function were assessed, using traditional (urea; creatinine, Cr; β2-microglobulin, B2M; albuminuria) and modern biomarkers (cystatin C, CysC; symmetric dimethylarginine, SDMA). Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) based on Cr and Cr-CysC was also calculated. Statistical analysis was performed using R (version 4.3.2), with significance set at p < 0.05.

RESULTS: Eighty-one children were included: 43 preterm (77% from multiple pregnancies) and 38 controls. Compared to controls, preterm participants had higher serum cystatin C (p < 0.001) and lower Cr-CysC-eGFR (p < 0.001). They also had higher serum urea (p = 0.002), but all individual values were within the normal range. No differences were observed in BP, serum Cr, Cr-eGFR, or albuminuria. ELBW children had lower body mass index (BMI) (p = 0.048) and higher B2M (p = 0.046) than LBW peers.

CONCLUSIONS: School-aged children born very preterm may already exhibit subtle signs of kidney dysfunction, with ELBW children showing greater metabolic and renal strain. Cystatin C and Cr-CysC-eGFR appear promising biomarkers for early detection of kidney alterations in this high-risk population.

PMID:40622578 | DOI:10.1007/s00467-025-06876-1

Brain Behav. 2025 Jul;15(7):e70669. doi: 10.1002/brb3.70669.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) and depression are major global health burdens, yet their bidirectional causal relationship remains unclear.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the causal relationship between depression and TBI, and to clarify whether depression is one of the potential risk factors for TBI and whether TBI is one of the pathogenic factors for depression.

METHODS: This bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis investigated causal relationships between depression (n = 170,756) and TBI (n = 3193) using genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics. Genetic instruments were selected as single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) significantly associated with exposures (depression/TBI) and outcomes (TBI/depression) at genome-wide significance (P < 5 × 10⁻⁶). The inverse variance weighted (IVW) method under fixed-effects and multiplicative random-effects models served as the primary analytical approach, with Cochran’s Q test evaluating SNP heterogeneity. To address horizontal pleiotropy, MR-Egger regression and MR-PRESSO(MR Pleiotropy RESidual Sum and Outlier)outlier correction were applied. Sensitivity analyses included weighted median, penalized weighted median, maximum likelihood estimation, and leave-one-out validation to ensure robustness. All analyses were conducted using the TwoSampleMR package in R (v4.3.2), with effect estimates reported as odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI).

RESULTS: MR analyses revealed bidirectional causal relationships between depression and TBI. In forward analyses, depression increased TBI risk across multiple IVW frameworks (fixed-effects IVW: OR = 1.137, 95% CI = 1.019-1.271, P = 0.022; multiplicative random-effects IVW: OR = 1.137, 95% CI = 1.014-1.277, P = 0.028), corroborated by maximum likelihood estimation (OR = 1.137, 95% CI = 1.017-1.274, P = 0.024). Reverse analyses demonstrated TBI’s causal effect on depression through IVW models (fixed-effects: OR = 1.083, 95% CI = 1.036-1.131, P < 0.001; multiplicative random-effects: OR = 1.083, 95% CI = 1.043-1.124,P < 0.001) and penalized weighted median methods (OR = 1.079, 95% CI = 1.018-1.145, P = 0.011). Robustness was confirmed by null heterogeneity (Cochran’s Q: forward P = 0.209, reverse P = 0.596) and absence of horizontal pleiotropy (MR-PRESSO: forward P = 0.218, reverse P = 0.672; MR-Egger intercepts: forward P = 0.661, reverse P = 0.874). All effect estimates remained stable in sensitivity analyses, supporting unconfounded causal inference.

CONCLUSION: Our MR analyses robustly demonstrate bidirectional causality: depression is a risk factor for TBI (OR = 1.137, 95% CI = 1.019-1.271), and TBI subsequently increases depression risk (OR = 1.083, 95% CI = 1.036-1.131), advocating integrated clinical monitoring.

PMID:40621715 | DOI:10.1002/brb3.70669

Med J Aust. 2025 Jul 7;223(1):46-53. doi: 10.5694/mja2.52698.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: To describe clinician-reported reasons for non-waitlisting of patients with kidney failure for deceased donor kidney transplantation, and to examine disparities affecting Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people.

DESIGN: Retrospective cross-sectional analysis of data from a national clinical quality registry.

PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING: Patients receiving dialysis in 26 Australian renal units as of 31 December 2020.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Rates of active waitlisting for kidney transplantation and clinician-reported reasons for non-waitlisting.

RESULTS: Thirty-six of 1832 Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people (2.0%) were actively waitlisted, compared with 512 of 6128 non-Indigenous people (8.4%). For Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander patients aged < 65 years, 457 of 1204 (38%) were not waitlisted due to a permanent contraindication, 276 (23%) due to a temporary contraindication, and 232 (19%) due to incomplete work-up. Among those with a contraindication, cardiovascular disease was reported as the reason for about a quarter of people in both groups. Obesity was cited for 163 Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander patients aged < 65 years (22%) and 30 Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander patients aged ≥ 65 years (10%); in the non-Indigenous group, obesity was cited for 207 (26%) and 163 (9%) patients aged < 65 years and ≥ 65 years, respectively. Cancer was reported for 28 Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander patients aged < 65 years (4%) and 86 non-Indigenous patients aged < 65 years (11%). Other reasons for non-waitlisting, reported as free text, included patient safety, smoking, age and mental health.

CONCLUSIONS: Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people experience inequities in waitlisting for kidney transplantation across multiple stages of a complex process. Addressing these barriers requires system-level reform and accountability to improve equity in transplantation access.

PMID:40621681 | DOI:10.5694/mja2.52698

Brain Behav. 2025 Jul;15(7):e70667. doi: 10.1002/brb3.70667.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this research was to ascertain how university students’ eating addiction was impacted by their early experiences, picky eating, and hedonic hunger.

METHODS: This descriptive cross-sectional study involved 681 university students and was carried out between April and June 2024. A sociodemographic characteristics information form, Childhood Positive and Negative Experiences Scale, Picky Eating Scale, Yale Food Addiction Scale, and Power of Food Scale were utilized to collect data. G^*Power 3.1, the SPSS 22 software, and the R programming language 4.1.3 were utilized in the study’s analysis.

RESULTS: Hierarchical regression analysis produced a significant and applicable model for this investigation (F(4,676) = 61.193, p = 0.001). A total of 26.6% (R² = 0.266) of the variance in the degree of eating addiction was explained by the levels of Picky Eating, Negative Childhood Experiences, Positive Childhood Experiences, and Power of Food Scales. When the t-test results for the regression coefficient’s significance were examined in the regression model, it was found that the level of “Eating Addiction” increased statistically in response to increases in the levels of Negative Childhood Experiences Scale (t = 7.699, p < 0.001), Picky Eating Scale (t = 6.625, p < 0.001), and Food Power Scale (t = 9.532, p < 0.001). Eating addiction was found to be unaffected by the degree of positive childhood experiences (p = -0.566). Hedonic hunger was found to be the most significant variable in predicting the eating addiction variable in the machine learning technique.

CONCLUSION: In our study, childhood experiences, picky eating status, and hedonic hunger status were found to affect eating addiction. Longitudinal studies on eating addiction in young people are recommended.

PMID:40621678 | DOI:10.1002/brb3.70667

J Esthet Restor Dent. 2025 Jul 7. doi: 10.1111/jerd.13506. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Surgical correction and orthodontic intervention are considered the ideal approach for patients with chin deviation, yet many opt for non-surgical alternatives. This study aims to evaluate the acceptable range of occlusal plane cant in cases of chin deviation and assess the perception of different raters.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital, involving frontal photographs of adult male and female subjects. Two groups of raters were engaged to assess these modified photographs using a numeric rating scale. An Independent t-test was utilized to compare the perception between the two groups of raters, and for the comparison of esthetic scores related to occlusal plane cant toward and away from chin deviation, paired t-test was employed. A generalized linear model was utilized to compare the perception between the two group of raters, esthetic scores toward and away from chin deviation and to assess the factors associated with male and female facial attractiveness scores.

RESULTS: A statistically significant distinction was identified in the evaluation of facial esthetics between orthodontists and laypersons (p ≤ 0.05). Orthodontists showed increased sensitivity to mild facial asymmetries, with esthetic scores beginning to diverge at cant angles as low as 2°. Furthermore, a significant difference in esthetic scores was observed specifically at 4°, 6°, and 8° of occlusal cant away from chin deviation in both male and female subjects (p ≤ 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS: Orthodontists were more critical compared to laypersons in diagnosing minor asymmetries. Female gender received higher esthetic scores from laypersons compared to orthodontists. Both orthodontists and laypersons rated the cant away from chin deviation as more esthetically pleasing.

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: These findings suggest that minor occlusal cant may be esthetically acceptable, potentially minimizing the need for major interventions while aiding clinicians in patient management.

PMID:40621674 | DOI:10.1111/jerd.13506

J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2025 Jul 7. doi: 10.1002/jpn3.70136. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: Limited literature exists on non-clinically significant varices (nCSV) and progression in children with portal hypertension (PHT). This study investigates trends and associations in this cohort.

METHODS: This retrospective cohort study analysed 70 children with nCSV undergoing surveillance endoscopy between January 2012 and 2024. Laboratory parameters, prediction scores and fibroscan results were collected. Statistical analysis include Mann-Whitney U test, chi-squared test and receiver operating characteristic.

RESULTS: Ten children (14.3%) presented with portal vein thrombosis (PVT), 26 (37.1%) with non-biliary atresia chronic liver disease (CLD) and 34 (48.6%) with biliary atresia (BA). Twenty-five children (35.7%) had variceal progression, with median years until progression of 3 years recorded in PVT and CLD (PVT: 1-6 years, CLD: 2-8 years), and 2 years (1-10 years) in BA. Haemoglobin count (Hb) (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.943), risk score (AUC = 0.748), and spleen stiffness by fibroscan (SSM) (AUC = 1.00) revealed optimal accuracy in predicting progression in PVT, with similar findings in CLD (von Willebrand Factor score [vWFAg score]: AUC = 1.00, risk score: AUC = 0.767, SSM: AUC = 0.882). Suboptimal accuracy was seen in BA biomarkers.

CONCLUSIONS: Risk score is a reliable marker to monitor variceal progression in CLD and PVT. Interim noninvasive scores could be trialled along with surveillance OGD to validate results. Caution is advised extending endoscopy period for children with BA. Due to small subgroup sizes, larger cohort studies are needed to validate SSM and vWFAg score in children with nCSV.

PMID:40621668 | DOI:10.1002/jpn3.70136

Chronobiol Int. 2025 Jul 7:1-9. doi: 10.1080/07420528.2025.2524520. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study was to examine the influence of the time-of-day on muscular strength, power and endurance performance in resistance-trained individuals. Fourteen resistance-trained males (age: 26.3 ± 6.7 years) underwent a randomized, counterbalanced cross-over trial. After a familiarization session, participants underwent two trials performing in the morning (9:00 h) and in the evening (18:00 h) a muscular strength and power assessment for bench press and back squat exercises at 25%, 50%, 75%, 90%, and 100% of one-repetition maximum (1RM). Then, muscular endurance was assessed for both exercises at 65%1RM, performing one set until failure. Once completed, isometric strength and vertical jump capacity (CMJ) tests were also performed. Only back squat exercise at 25% 1RM reported higher performance in the evening compared to the morning at mean velocity and mean and peak power (11-13%, p = 0.018-0.031, g = 1.91-2.20). Also, CMJ power was higher in the evening compared to the morning trial (2.5%, p = 0.002, g = 0.23). No statistical differences were found in the remaining loads, exercises or tests. In conclusion, circadian rhythm affects muscular strength and power performance at low (≤25% 1RM) but not moderate-to-higher loads in resistance-trained male participants, an effect observed in lower-body (e.g. back squat and vertical jump) but not in upper-body exercises (e.g. bench press).

PMID:40621663 | DOI:10.1080/07420528.2025.2524520