Tag: nevin manimala

Strabismus. 2025 Dec 2:1-8. doi: 10.1080/09273972.2025.2579178. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: This study aimed to evaluate the long-term efficacy of the Cambridge Visual Stimulator (CAM) in pediatric amblyopia, by comparing outcomes of standard occlusion therapy alone versus occlusion combined with CAM.

METHODS: In this retrospective cohort, 112 patients (112 eyes) aged ≤10 years with strabismic or anisometropic amblyopia were assigned to one of two groups. Group 1 (n = 64) received three hours/day of occlusion therapy; Group 2 (n = 48) received the same occlusion regimen plus a supervised 5-day CAM course (six rotating high-contrast spatial-frequency disks, 18 minutes daily). Best-corrected visual acuity was recorded in logMAR at baseline, 6 months, and 12 months. Within-group improvements were analyzed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test, and between-group differences with the Mann – Whitney U test. P-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant.

RESULTS: Both groups showed significant acuity gains at 6 and 12 months versus baseline (p < .001 for all comparisons). Numerically, Group 2 improved more (6 months: -0.137 ± 0.231 vs. -0.127 ± 0.196; 12 months: -0.192 ± 0.267 vs. -0.190 ± 0.225), but these differences did not reach significance (6 months p = .402; 12 months p = .883).

CONCLUSION: Occlusion therapy markedly enhances visual acuity in amblyopic children, whereas adjunctive CAM yields only limited additional benefit. Prospective, larger-scale trials are needed to determine whether specific subgroups – such as treatment-resistant cases – may derive clinically meaningful gains from CAM.

PMID:41329471 | DOI:10.1080/09273972.2025.2579178

Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol. 2025 Dec 2;36(1):33. doi: 10.1007/s00590-025-04605-w.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: In shoulder arthroscopy, visual clarity is essential for safe and efficient procedures, yet intraoperative bleeding often compromises the surgical field. Several randomized studies have demonstrated that adding epinephrine to irrigation fluid significantly reduces bleeding and enhances visual clarity. This meta-analysis synthesizes findings from multiple studies to critically evaluate the overall efficacy and safety of epinephrine in improving intraoperative visualization during arthroscopic shoulder surgery.

METHODS: A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar for studies published up to September 8, 2025. Eligible studies included randomized controlled trials and comparative observational studies evaluating the effect of epinephrine added to irrigation fluid during shoulder arthroscopy in adults. Primary outcomes included surgeon-rated visual clarity (scored on a 1-to-10 scale) and the incidence of increased pump pressure. Secondary outcomes included operative time, irrigation fluid volume used, and mean arterial pressure.

RESULTS: Six studies met the inclusion criteria, including 422 adult patients undergoing arthroscopic shoulder surgery. Epinephrine use was associated with significantly improved surgeon-reported visual clarity, with a mean difference of 2.32 (95% CI 0.32-4.32; p = 0.02) compared to controls. The epinephrine group also had a significantly lower likelihood of requiring increased pump pressure (risk ratio = 0.39; 95% CI 0.27-0.57; p < 0.001). While trends toward reduced operative time (MD = – 4.38 min; 95% CI: – 10.41 to 1.64; p = 0.15) and lower irrigation fluid volume (MD = – 0.83 L; 95% CI: – 2.04 to 0.37; p = 0.18) were observed, these differences were not statistically significant. No significant differences in mean arterial pressure were found between groups (p > 0.05).

CONCLUSION: In the studies reviewed, epinephrine in irrigation fluid during arthroscopic shoulder surgery significantly increases visual clarity. Based on surgical and patient-specific factors, this should be taken into consideration for arthroscopic shoulder procedures.

PMID:41329443 | DOI:10.1007/s00590-025-04605-w

Phys Eng Sci Med. 2025 Dec 2. doi: 10.1007/s13246-025-01677-0. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

To compare dose to the organ at risk (OAR) and target coverage of carbon-ion beam, protons, and photons for patients with head and neck cancer. Treatment plans for carbon-ion pencil beam scanning (C-PBS) (64 Gy (RBE) in 16 fractions), proton pencil beam scanning (P-PBS), and volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) (70 Gy in 35 fractions for P-PBS and VMAT) were generated and compared using different dose constraints per treatment modality. Dose metrics (e.g. D95,V20) were analyzed. Statistical significance was assessed by the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Also, we investigated howmany normal tissues were irradiated above the constraint after achieving the planning goals (pass rate) in the OARs. C-PBS outperformed P-PBS and VMAT in PTV coverage (p = 0.01 for both); however, P-PBS and VMAT did not differ substantially from each another (p = 0.35). C-PBS was superior in limiting the dose to the OAR. The pass rates for C-PBS, P-PBS, and VMAT were 94%, 81%, and 69%, respectively. C-PBS demonstrated superior performance compared to VMAT and P-PBS in terms of dose conformation to the target volume and normal tissue sparing, and achieved the highest pass rate in meeting dose constraints.

PMID:41329435 | DOI:10.1007/s13246-025-01677-0

J Orthop Traumatol. 2025 Dec 2;26(1):74. doi: 10.1186/s10195-025-00896-1.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Robotic-assisted unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) has gained popularity for its potential to improve implant precision and reduce surgical errors. However, comparative evidence on short-term outcomes versus conventional UKA is lacking. Thus, the purpose of this study was to compare the short-term outcomes of robotic-assisted versus conventional UKA using a nationally representative database.

METHODS: The Nationwide Readmissions Database 2016-2020 was retrospectively examined to identify adult patients who received an elective UKA. After applying exclusion criteria and 1:2 propensity score matching (PSM), 8310 patients were included in the analysis. Outcomes included in-hospital complications, implant malposition or failure, perioperative fracture, length of hospital stay (LOS), hospital costs, and 30- and 90-day readmission rates. Multivariable regression analyses were performed to adjust for residual confounding factors.

RESULTS: Robotic-assisted UKA was associated with significantly lower complication rates compared with conventional UKA (3.7% versus 13.2%, p < 0.001). Specifically, robotic-assisted procedures had reduced risks of implant malposition or failure (odds ratio [OR] = 0.08; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.05-0.13; p < 0.001) and perioperative fracture (OR = 0.18; 95% CI 0.04-0.76; p = 0.020). No significant differences were observed in LOS, total hospital costs, or readmission rates at 30 and 90 days.

CONCLUSIONS: Robotic-assisted UKA is associated with improved short-term surgical safety, including fewer complications, particularly, reduced implant malposition and perioperative fractures. However, broader hospital metrics such as LOS, cost, and readmissions were comparable between the two approaches. Further prospective studies are needed to validate these findings and assess long-term outcomes and cost-effectiveness.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level III.

CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: Not applicable.

PMID:41329432 | DOI:10.1186/s10195-025-00896-1

Clin Rheumatol. 2025 Dec 2. doi: 10.1007/s10067-025-07862-6. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of kinesiophobia and central sensitization and the association of kinesiophobia and central sensitization with clinical variables in patients with gout.

METHOD: This cross-sectional study included patients with gout and age- and gender-matched individuals. All participants were assessed by using the Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia (TSK), Central Sensitization Inventory (CSI), Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form (IPAQ-SF). Disease-related clinical variables, Gout Activity Score (GAS), and Health Assessment Questionnaire-Disability Index (HAQ-DI) were also recorded.

RESULTS: The frequency of kinesiophobia and central sensitization in patients with gout was 62.3% and 33.8%, respectively. TSK, CSI, and HADS scores were higher, and SF-36 and IPAQ-SF scores were lower in patients with gout than in controls. Patients with kinesiophobia statistically had higher GAS, CSI, HADS, and HAQ-DI scores and lower subscores of SF-36 (except emotional role) and total IPAQ-SF scores than the non-kinesiophobia group. GAS, TSK, HADS, and HAQ-DI scores were found to be higher, and SF-36 and total IPAQ-SF scores were lower in patients with central sensitization compared to those without central sensitization. TSK and CSI scores had significant positive correlations with each other (ρ = 0.650) and with pain, GAS, HADS-D, HADS-A, and HAQ-DI scores (ρ ranged from 0.414 to 0.702). According to the regression analyses, the CSI score appeared to determine the severity of kinesiophobia.

CONCLUSIONS: Kinesiophobia and central sensitization frequently accompany patients with gout. These were associated with increased pain intensity, decreased quality of life, impaired emotional health, functionality, and physical activity. Key Points • The frequency of central sensitization and kinesiophobia accompanying patients with gout is considerable. • Mental health plays a fundamental role in influencing central sensitization in gout. • Central sensitization was independently associated with kinesiophobia. • These close associations lead to challenges in optimizing management, functionality, physical activity level, and quality of life in gout.

PMID:41329430 | DOI:10.1007/s10067-025-07862-6

Clin Rheumatol. 2025 Dec 2. doi: 10.1007/s10067-025-07859-1. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: While stress is associated with the exacerbation of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), empirical evidence linking specific, acute real-world stressors to objective inflammatory markers and clinical symptoms remains limited. This study investigated the short-term effects of a defined occupational stressor-24-h hospital duty-on C-reactive protein (CRP) levels and pain in a patient with RA.

METHODS: A 40-day prospective, within-subject observational study was conducted on a male participant with stable, low disease activity RA. During this period, the participant completed six 24-h duty shifts. A total of 20 high-sensitivity CRP blood tests were performed, and daily self-reported data on pain and stress/fatigue were collected. Fisher’s exact test was used to compare the proportion of CRP-positive samples ( exact tedL) obtained within 2 days after a duty shift to those from all other periods. Spearman correlation analysis was employed to evaluate the relationships between CRP levels, pain intensity, and fatigue.

RESULTS: CRP levels showed statistically significant, strong positive correlations with both pain intensity (rho = 0.68, p < 0.001) and fatigue (rho = 0.74, p < 0.001). The CRP positivity rate was 63.6% (7/11) within 2 days following a 24-h duty shift, which was significantly higher than the rate of 0% (0/9) during non-post-duty periods (p = 0.0067). Furthermore, even minimal elevations in CRP were associated with substantial increases in pain intensity.

CONCLUSION: This single-case study provides preliminary evidence that acute, real-world occupational stress can trigger a significant increase in systemic inflammation (CRP) and associated clinical symptoms in RA. These findings underscore the importance of stress management in RA care and suggest that clinically meaningful disease activity may persist even when CRP levels are normal (< 0.50 mg/dL) or only minimally elevated.

PMID:41329429 | DOI:10.1007/s10067-025-07859-1

J Autism Dev Disord. 2025 Dec 2. doi: 10.1007/s10803-025-07146-7. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: Empathy has become a key area of research in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in recent years. However, the neural characteristics of empathy in children with ASD remain controversial. To advance the understanding of the neural mechanism of ASD’s empathy and test the classic empathy imbalance hypothesis, it is necessary to explore the cognitive-affective empathy in young children with ASD from another electrophysiological perspective in detail.

METHODS: The present study explored the specific neural characteristics of children with ASD and typically developing children under cognitive empathy and affective empathy via simultaneous EEG recording of social animation, which would be able to capture reliable and effective evidence in children with ASD.

RESULTS: The present study mainly revealed that the ASD group had abnormal electrophysiological characteristics under cognitive empathy, including increased functional connectivity in the θ band and abnormalities in the microstate classes C and D. Incidentally, this study also roughly found that the severity of autism symptoms was significantly correlated with the β-band amplitude of certain brain regions when viewing cognitive empathy clips, whereas the severity of autism symptoms was significantly correlated with the θ-band amplitude when viewing affective empathy clips.

CONCLUSION: The present study supported the empathy imbalance hypothesis in young children with ASD and might indicate that children with ASD have distinct neural characteristics related to cognitive empathy and affective empathy processing. Future studies can combine eye movement measurements while watching animations, and further longitudinal studies on the electrophysiological characteristics of empathy in children with ASD.

PMID:41329424 | DOI:10.1007/s10803-025-07146-7

Virus Genes. 2025 Dec 2. doi: 10.1007/s11262-025-02204-9. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Dengue is a major public health problem that affects millions of people globally. The present study used microarray data to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) during dengue clinical conditions. The microarray datasets GSE84331, GSE18090, GSE43777, and E-MTAB-3162 were downloaded and analyzed using statistical analysis (Unpaired t-test). This was followed by Machine Learning (ML) and Deep Learning (DL) techniques with recursive feature elimination and genetic algorithms implemented to identify the potential biomarkers. Further, functional enrichment, platelet signaling, and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis were performed to explore the potential diagnostic markers associated with dengue. Among all ML/DL models, the Random Forest algorithm outperformed on baseline data and identified 27 DEGs in the dengue fever (DF) vs. control (C) group and 13 DEGs in filtered data of the severe dengue (SD) vs. DF group. Likewise, the Support Vector Machine with Genetic Algorithm (SVM-GA) hybrid model outperformed the SD vs. C group and identified 79 DEGs. Based on the analysis, the study identified seven hub genes such as PIK3R1, GATA3, ZFPM, SKAP1 (involved in hemostasis, platelet activation, aggregation, and production), TP63, ZBTB20, and ZEB2 (abnormal hard palate morphology) for dengue diagnosis. Further, the hub genes may facilitate the development of reliable diagnostic potential; their prognostic utility requires further validation in larger, more diverse cohorts.

PMID:41329415 | DOI:10.1007/s11262-025-02204-9

Ecohealth. 2025 Dec 2. doi: 10.1007/s10393-025-01769-z. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Eco-distress shows positive correlations with mental health impairments. However, the correlations reported by different studies vary widely. The aim of our review was to explore possible methodological sources for this heterogeneity, hereby deepening our understanding of eco-distress and its relationship with mental health.

METHODS: Following PRISMA guidelines, Academic Search Complete, PubMed, PsycInfo, and Web of Science were searched on 15.03.2025 for publications reporting the initial development of instruments assessing eco-distress, subsequent validation studies, or correlations with mental health impairments. We analyzed the relationship of psychometric quality and the range of effect sizes descriptively, as well as the potential influence of the type of mental health questionnaire, the psychometric quality, and study and sample characteristics statistically as moderators in meta-analysis.

RESULTS: We included 87 studies reporting on 15 different instruments. The underlying definitions of eco-distress differed and psychometric quality was mixed. However, confidence intervals did not vary systematically due to psychometric quality. Overall, eco-distress and mental health impairments correlated with r = 0.32, 95% CI [0.27; 0.37]. Only type of mental health questionnaire moderated the effect size.

CONCLUSION: Although it varied in magnitude, there was a significant positive correlation between eco-distress and mental health impairments. However, type of eco-distress questionnaire did not systematically influence the effect size. The heterogeneity was considerable and could only be partially explained by the moderators used. Future research should focus on the psychometric evaluation of existing instruments, as information on psychometric quality was incomplete for many instruments.

PMID:41329414 | DOI:10.1007/s10393-025-01769-z

Inflammopharmacology. 2025 Dec 2. doi: 10.1007/s10787-025-02081-6. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

The prevalence of arthritis continues to increase, which has driven research on new therapeutic approaches. However, existing treatments often have limitations. Angiogenesis and pathological changes in the synovium are the key contributors to the early development of arthritis. Rebastinib, a tie-2 receptor inhibitor, blocks the activation of tie2-expressing macrophages, which are involved in angiogenesis. Although previous studies have highlighted the importance of angiogenesis in early arthritis, few have focused on targeting the tie-2 receptor to slow disease progression. In this study, we evaluated the effects of rebastinib encapsulated in pH-dependent liposomes in a rabbit model of surgically induced arthritis. Additionally, we investigated the efficacy of a pH-dependent liposomal formulation, developed using microfluidic technology for sustained drug release. The results demonstrated that rebastinib-loaded pH-dependent liposomes were stable and provided controlled release and rebastinib effectively inhibited the progression of early stage arthritis in this model. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS software (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA), and significance was assessed using one-way ANOVA. In conclusion, rebastinib encapsulated in pH-dependent liposomes holds promise as a potential therapeutic strategy for the treatment of early arthritis, offering both stability and efficacy in disease suppression.

PMID:41329397 | DOI:10.1007/s10787-025-02081-6