Tag: nevin manimala

Discov Oncol. 2026 Jun 24. doi: 10.1007/s12672-026-05488-x. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To investigate the feasibility of Simultaneous Amplification and Testing PCA3 (SAT-PCA3, a urine-based prostate cancer-specific biomarker) combined with conventional clinical information in the diagnosis of prostate cancer (PCa).

METHODS: This retrospective study analyzed 137 patients with complete clinical data. Patients with a biopsy Gleason score ≥ 6 were classified as having PCa. Clinical indicators showing significant differences between PCa and non-PCa groups were identified via univariate analysis. A multivariate model was constructed using pathological diagnosis as the outcome and age, digital rectal exam (DRE) result, prostate-specific antigen (PSA), SAT-PCA3 result, and Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System (PIRADS) score as predictors. The DeLong test was performed to compare differences in the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) area under the curve (AUC) between the univariate model and the multivariate model.

RESULTS: A total of 137 patients were included: 65 were diagnosed with PCa and 72 were non-PCa. Statistical differences existed between the PCa and non-PCa in age, PSA, DRE, PIRADS score, and SAT-PCA3 (p < 0.05). All variables were independently associated with PCa. The coefficient of determination (R²) values is 0.626 in the multivariate model. The AUCs of the age [0.711(95%CI: 0.625-0.796)], DRE [0.626(95%CI: 0.545-0.708)], PSA [0.684(95%CI: 0.593-0.774)], SAT-PCA3 [0.786(95%CI: 0.706-0.866)], PIRADS [0.795(95%CI: 0.722-0.866)] were all less than the multivariate model [0.912(95%CI: 0.866-0.958)], and the difference was statistically significant (p < 0.001).

CONCLUSION: A diagnostic model combining conventional clinical information (age, DRE, PSA, PIRADS score) with the SAT-PCA3 significantly improves the diagnostic accuracy for prostate cancer compared to any single parameter alone.

PMID:42337216 | DOI:10.1007/s12672-026-05488-x

Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2026 Jun 24. doi: 10.1007/s11356-026-37943-1. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Constructed wetlands play a crucial role in urban runoff treatment, enhancing water quality and maintaining ecosystem health, while the water quality index (WQI) serves as a key parameter for evaluating their performance. This study provides a comprehensive assessment of WQI prediction in a constructed wetland at Universiti Sains Malaysia, using 442 samples and 11 physicochemical parameters evaluated across six input scenarios. Feature selection was performed using Pearson correlation and feature-importance rankings from extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) and categorical boosting (CatBoost) to create reduced-input combinations. SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) analysis further indicated that WQI predictions were mainly driven by organic/solid load and nitrogen-related variables (e.g., chemical oxygen demand (COD), total suspended solids (TSS), and ammoniacal nitrogen (AN)). Fourteen ML models, including adaptive boosting (AdaBoost), adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system, artificial neural network (ANN), CatBoost, extreme learning machine, gradient boosting regressor, histogram gradient boosting (HGB), Huber regressor, multiple linear regression, ridge regression, stochastic gradient descent regressor (SGD), support vector regression (SVR), XGBoost, and a hybrid Grey Wolf Optimizer-ANN, were developed and evaluated using four statistical metrics such as root mean square error (RMSE), coefficient of determination (R2), percent bias (PBIAS), and mean absolute relative error (MARE), complemented by LP-based multi-metric ranking. Across all scenarios (mean LP; lower is better), CatBoost (0.44) and HGB (0.46) achieved the best overall performance, while SGD (0.91) and SVR (0.75) ranked worst. Notably, several top-performing models maintained competitive performance under reduced inputs (e.g., CatBoost’s LP value of 0.56 in the four-feature scenario), supporting practical WQI estimation when monitoring variables are limited or costly. These findings highlight the critical role of both input selection and model choice in developing robust, scalable frameworks for WQI prediction.

PMID:42337199 | DOI:10.1007/s11356-026-37943-1

J Egypt Public Health Assoc. 2026 Jun 23;101(1):22. doi: 10.1186/s42506-026-00225-2.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Labor pain and maternal comfort during childbirth can influence women’s childbirth experience, labor progress, and psychological well-being. Non-pharmacological interventions are increasingly used to support labor pain management in a safe and supportive manner. Quran recitation, a culturally familiar auditory intervention for Muslim women, may help reduce pain perception and promote relaxation during labor. This study aims to examine the effect of listening to Quran recitation on labor pain, childbirth comfort, and blood pressure among nulliparous women in Oman.

METHODS: A quasi-experimental study was conducted at Khoula Hospital, Oman, among 120 nulliparous women with singleton term pregnancies in active labor. Participants were allocated into two groups: a Quran recitation group (n = 60) and a back massage group (n = 60). Women in the intervention group listened to a recorded Quran recitation during labor, while the comparison group received a standardized back massage. Labor pain intensity was assessed using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), pain behavior using the Pain Behavioral Observation Scale (PBOS-3), and childbirth comfort using the Childbirth Comfort Questionnaire (CCQ). Systolic and diastolic blood pressure were also recorded. Measurements were obtained before and after the intervention. Data were analyzed using paired t-tests, independent t-test, chi-square, and multivariate linear regression.

RESULTS: Women in the Quran recitation group showed a significant reduction in mean VAS pain scores, decreasing from 76.45 ± 8.20 before the intervention to 58.32 ± 7.16 after the intervention (p < 0.001). In contrast, the back massage group showed no statistically significant change (62.88 ± 8.44 to 61.10 ± 7.98; p > 0.05). The Quran recitation group also demonstrated significantly improved pain behavior and higher overall childbirth comfort scores (CCQ total score, p = 0.002). Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that Quran recitation was significantly associated with lower systolic (β = – 0.53, p < 0.001) and diastolic blood pressure (β = – 0.49, p < 0.001) after adjustment for gestational age, time of admission, and prior Quran exposure.

CONCLUSION: Quran recitation was associated with reduced labor pain, improved childbirth comfort, and lower blood pressure among nulliparous women during labor. As a culturally acceptable non-pharmacological intervention, it may support more holistic maternity care for Muslim women.

PMID:42337192 | DOI:10.1186/s42506-026-00225-2

Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet. 2026 Jun 23. doi: 10.1007/s13318-026-01017-x. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Efavirenz is associated with frequent adverse effects, mainly hepatotoxicity and central nervous system disturbances. The cytochrome P450 enzyme CYP2B6 plays a key role in efavirenz metabolism and is strongly linked to these toxicities. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the CYP2B6 c.516 G>T polymorphism on efavirenz plasma concentrations by comparing individuals with GG, GT, and TT genotypes.

METHODS: A systematic review of four databases was conducted to identify studies published up to March 2025 evaluating the association between the CYP2B6 c.516 G>T polymorphism and efavirenz plasma concentrations. Pooled mean differences with 95% confidence intervals were calculated using random-effects models.

RESULTS: Five studies, including 373 patients, met the inclusion criteria. Individuals with the TT genotype showed significantly higher plasma efavirenz concentrations compared with GG and GT carriers. The mean differences in plasma concentration between the GT-TT and GG-TT subgroups were 5.65 µg/mL and 6.41 µg/mL, respectively, both statistically significant (p < 0.05). No significant difference was observed between the GG and GT genotypes.

CONCLUSION: This meta-analysis confirms that the CYP2B6 c.516 TT genotype is significantly associated with elevated plasma efavirenz concentration in patients with HIV and tuberculosis. While higher concentrations may increase toxicity risk, this was not directly evaluated in the current pooled analysis. These findings support the potential utility of pharmacogenetic testing to optimize efavirenz dosing and minimize the risk of adverse effects, particularly in carriers of the TT genotype. The observed heterogeneity among studies may be attributed to ethnic variability and differences in sample sizes.

PMID:42337190 | DOI:10.1007/s13318-026-01017-x

Lasers Med Sci. 2026 Jun 24;41(1):127. doi: 10.1007/s10103-026-04925-1.

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of diode laser and combined treatment protocols, applied in addition to mechanical debridement, in the treatment of peri-implantitis on clinical periodontal parameters and S100A8 levels in peri-implant sulcus fluid (PISF). A total of 39 patients diagnosed with peri-implantitis were divided into three groups based on the treatment protocols used: Mechanical Debridement, Diode Laser, and Combined Treatment. Probing depth, clinical attachment level, modified plaque index, gingival index, and PISF volume measurements were recorded at baseline and at weeks 4 and 12. S100A8 levels in PISF samples were measured by ELISA. During the 12-week follow-up period, statistically significant improvements in clinical parameters were observed in all groups compared with baseline (p < 0.05). In the intergroup comparison, the most significant decrease and statistical superiority in mPI and GI values were observed in the combined treatment group (p < 0.001). Although there was no statistically significant difference among the groups in probing depth and clinical attachment gain, the greatest numerical improvement was observed in the combined group. Despite clinical improvement, no significant change in total S100A8 levels was detected between groups or over time (p > 0.05). The combined use of mechanical debridement and a diode laser in the treatment of peri-implantitis is more effective at reducing clinical signs of inflammation than either method used alone. However, the lack of correlation between S100A8 levels and clinical improvement suggests that this biomarker may not be sensitive in short-term follow-up of treatment.

PMID:42337186 | DOI:10.1007/s10103-026-04925-1

Spine Deform. 2026 Jun 23. doi: 10.1007/s43390-026-01395-x. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: Anterior vertebral body tethering (AVBT) is a novel surgical option for scoliosis patients that preserves spinal mobility. However, tether-related failures such as tether breakage are common, and cause of these failures is unknown. Furthermore, there is a lack of data on how different design and surgical factors influence the subsequent in vivo performance of these AVBT systems. This study aims to examine the mechanical durability of a mock AVBT system under various mechanical loading scenarios resulting from important surgical factors.

METHODS: A mock AVBT system was designed using Titanium screws and Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) tether to evaluate mechanical performance under various clinically relevant loading conditions. Static and dynamic tensile tests assessed the effects of screw angulation (0°/40°), tether gauge length (length between the vertebral anchors: 25/76 mm), setscrew torque (5/6/7 Nm), and retightening. Constructs were tested using Instron equipment; measuring stiffness, yield, and failure loads. Statistical analyses compared configurations to identify factors influencing AVBT durability.

RESULTS: For this mock AVBT system, failure primarily occurred at the tether/setscrew junction due to slippage. Greater screw angulation (40°) increased yield and runout loads compared to 0°. Changing the gauge length had minimal effect on failure loads. Furthermore, the higher setscrew torque (7 Nm) improved strength and fatigue resistance, while setscrew retightening also increased yield and runout loads.

CONCLUSIONS: Due to the infancy of this technology, there is a need for deeper understanding of the failure mechanics of AVBT systems. These findings identify testing parameters that affect mechanical performance and suggest future research directions for assessing the mechanical integrity of AVBT devices.

PMID:42337182 | DOI:10.1007/s43390-026-01395-x

Atten Percept Psychophys. 2026 Jun 23;88(6):152. doi: 10.3758/s13414-026-03292-x.

ABSTRACT

Auditory spatial attention enables listeners in complex acoustic environments to focus on relevant sounds while filtering out irrelevant noise. However, its mechanisms in the depth dimension remain unclear, especially across different horizontal directions. This study examined whether the effect of auditory selective attention in the depth dimension varies across the front, lateral, and rear spaces under reverberant listening conditions. In the experiment, listeners detected target sounds at one of five distances (32, 64, 96, 128, and 160 cm) under conditions where attention was either distributed or focused on a specific distance. The results showed that sensitivity (d’) was significantly enhanced at the attended distance across all directional conditions, with no statistically significant differences in the magnitude of attentional enhancement between the front, lateral, and rear directions. Conversely, the reaction time (RT) revealed limited attentional benefits, emerging only at specific distances in the lateral and rear spaces. These findings demonstrated that auditory selective attention in the depth dimension facilitates target detection irrespective of horizontal directions, supporting the generalizability of attentional mechanisms across the depth dimension of auditory space, at least under reverberant listening conditions.

PMID:42337172 | DOI:10.3758/s13414-026-03292-x

Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2026 Jun 23;146(1):232. doi: 10.1007/s00402-026-06342-z.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Although numerous treatment options have been reported for mallet fractures, a universally accepted gold-standard approach has not yet been established. The purpose of this study was to compare the clinical and radiographic outcomes of the pin-orthosis extension-block pinning technique (PO-EBPT) with those of conventional conservative treatment in patients with Doyle type 4B mallet fractures.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study included 62 patients with Doyle type 4B mallet fractures involving 20-50% of the distal interphalangeal (DIP) joint articular surface, treated between March 2022 and April 2024. Patients were randomized into two groups: Group 1 (n = 33) underwent PO-EBPT, whereas Group 2 (n = 29) received conservative treatment with splint immobilization. Outcome measures included DIP joint extension lag, range of motion, fracture union, complication rates and functional outcomes according to the Crawford criteria. Follow-up evaluations were performed at 2, 4 and 6 weeks and at 3, 6 and 12 months.

RESULTS: A total of 62 patients were analyzed (33 PO-EBPT; 29 conservative). No statistically significant differences were observed between the groups with respect to sex, affected side, injured finger, or complication rates (p = 0.461, p = 0.658, p = 0.763 and p = 0.165, respectively). However, the PO-EBPT group demonstrated significantly improved DIP joint extension lag (4.5 ± 7.8° vs. 12.2 ± 10.4°, p = 0.002) and flexion range (88.5 ± 4.4° vs. 86.0 ± 5.7°, p = 0.039). According to the Crawford criteria, functional outcomes were also significantly superior in the PO-EBPT group (p = 0.02).

CONCLUSION: PO-EBPT yielded superior functional outcomes compared with conservative treatment in patients with Doyle type 4B mallet fractures, as demonstrated by reduced extension lag, improved DIP joint flexion and higher rates of excellent Crawford scores.

PMID:42337168 | DOI:10.1007/s00402-026-06342-z

J Math Biol. 2026 Jun 23;93(1):7. doi: 10.1007/s00285-026-02413-2.

ABSTRACT

Interspecific mutualism is a universal phenomenon that exists in biological and social populations. The generation and maintenance of such mutualism have always been a hotspot in evolutionary biology. This study enriches the research on the evolution of mutualism in structured populations from a theoretical perspective. In particular, we develop an evolutionary model of arbitrary interdependent populations using the coalescent random walk theory and employ it to derive the conditions for mutualism under weak selection. We find that evolution favors mutualism when the strength of intraspecific interactions exceeds a threshold value, which depends on the structure of multiple populations and game parameters. We thus reveal the positive role of intraspecific interactions on the evolution of mutualism, which extends prior research that considered the single effect of interspecific interactions.

PMID:42337159 | DOI:10.1007/s00285-026-02413-2

Hepatol Int. 2026 Jun 23. doi: 10.1007/s12072-026-11112-5. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The relationship between steatotic liver disease (SLD) and dementia remains unclear, particularly regarding alcohol consumption patterns. We investigated the risk of dementia across SLD subtypes classified by alcohol consumption.

METHODS: We analyzed 3,071,829 adults without baseline dementia who underwent health examinations in 2012. Participants were classified into No SLD, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), metabolic dysfunction-associated alcohol-related liver disease (MetALD), and ALD groups. Primary outcomes were newly diagnosed all-cause dementia, Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and vascular dementia (VD).

RESULTS: Over a median follow-up of 5.4 years, 72,545 all-cause dementia, 56,999 AD, and 8923 VD cases occurred. The risk of dementia significantly increased across all dementia outcomes in SLD (all p < 0.05). Across the SLD subtypes, ALD showed the highest risk of dementia, followed by MASLD, whereas MetALD showed largely neutral associations except for a modestly increased risk of VD. When MASLD was further stratified by alcohol consumption, the MASLD-no alcohol group showed consistently increased risk of all dementia outcomes (all p < 0.05). In contrast, MASLD with within-threshold alcohol intake showed heterogeneous associations across dementia outcomes.

CONCLUSIONS: The association between SLD and dementia differed according to SLD phenotype and alcohol consumption pattern. These findings should be interpreted as observational associations and warrant further validation in studies with longitudinal assessment of SLD status and alcohol exposure.

PMID:42337153 | DOI:10.1007/s12072-026-11112-5