Tag: nevin manimala

J Clin Psychiatry. 2025 Mar 12;86(2):24m15424. doi: 10.4088/JCP.24m15424.

ABSTRACT

Objective: To evaluate factors associated with suicide mortality among Veterans Health Administration (VHA) patients with bipolar disorder.

Methods: VHA patients diagnosed with bipolar disorder in calendar year (CY) 2014 who utilized VHA health care services in CY2013 were included in the study cohort. Suicide mortality in the 5 years following the first documented bipolar disorder diagnosis during CY2014 was examined using Cox proportional hazards regression.

Results: 725 of 126,655 VHA patients who had a bipolar disorder diagnosis in CY2014 (0.6%) died by suicide in the following 5 CYs (2014-2019). Suicide was associated with suicide high-risk flags (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.21), prior year emergency department visit (HR = 1.25), having a new bipolar disorder diagnosis (HR= 1.23), and receiving a benzodiazepine prescription of ≥30 days of supply (HR = 1.58). Prescriptions of benzodiazepines of <30 days of supply, other anxiolytics (ie, buspirone), and sedatives were not significantly associated with suicide mortality in the multivariable model.

Conclusions: Among VHA patients diagnosed with bipolar disorder, receipt of a benzodiazepine prescription of ≥30 days was associated with increased suicide risk, even after controlling for clinical and demographic factors. Elucidating mechanisms through which benzodiazepine prescriptions increase suicide risk is an important avenue for future investigations. Additionally, VHA patients with newly diagnosed bipolar disorder may benefit from increased clinical attention, given the elevated suicide risk among this subgroup. Findings highlight targets for suicide prevention initiatives.

PMID:40117569 | DOI:10.4088/JCP.24m15424

J Clin Psychiatry. 2025 Mar 17;86(2):24m15654. doi: 10.4088/JCP.24m15654.

ABSTRACT

Objectives: Latiné youth in the US are at elevated risk for trauma exposure, but factors that contribute to their symptoms are not well studied. We examined the effects of interpersonal trauma (IPT) burden and negative affect about ethnic-racial identity (NERI-A) on internalizing symptoms following trauma exposure.

Method: Participants were 1,006 US-born youth of Latiné background (mean age 15.4 years, 60% female at birth, and 70% identified as White) from the Childhood Trauma Research Network, a research consortium examining long-term outcomes of childhood trauma in Texas. Participants were enrolled between October 2020 and February 2024. Analyses controlled for sex, age, race, non-interpersonal trauma, whether parents were of the immigrant generation, and mental health treatment received.

Results: Greater IPT burden and higher baseline NERI-A were associated with greater baseline anxiety (P < .001, P = .026) and depressive (P < .001, P = .040) symptoms. The effect of baseline IPT burden on direction and magnitude of longitudinal change in anxiety (0.038) and depression (0.002) differed for those with high NERI-A vs low NERI-A. In the context of low NERI-A, IPT burden showed steady or decreasing associations with symptoms over time. In contrast, for those reporting high NERI-A, IPT burden showed strengthening associations with both anxiety and depression over time.

Conclusion: Our study highlights the vulnerability of youth who experience IPT and report NERI-A. Further research is needed to determine how NERI-A develops, changes, and is moderated in the diverse groups of individuals of Latiné descent.

PMID:40117568 | DOI:10.4088/JCP.24m15654

Int Forum Allergy Rhinol. 2025 Mar 21:e3573. doi: 10.1002/alr.23573. Online ahead of print.

NO ABSTRACT

PMID:40116130 | DOI:10.1002/alr.23573

Hum Brain Mapp. 2025 Apr 1;46(5):e70161. doi: 10.1002/hbm.70161.

ABSTRACT

Missing data are a prevalent challenge in neuroimaging, with significant implications for downstream statistical analysis. Neglecting this issue can introduce bias and lead to erroneous inferential conclusions, making it crucial to employ appropriate statistical methods for handling missing data. Although the multiple imputation is a widely used technique, its application in neuroimaging is severely hindered by the high dimensionality of neuroimaging data, and the substantial computational demands. To tackle the critical computational challenges, we propose a novel approach, High dimensional Multiple Imputation (HIMA), based on Bayesian models specifically designed for large-scale neuroimaging datasets. HIMA introduces a new computational strategy to sample large covariance matrices based on a robustly estimated posterior mode, significantly improving both computational efficiency and numerical stability. To assess the effectiveness of HIMA, we conducted extensive simulation studies and real-data analysis from a Schizophrenia brain imaging dataset with around 1000 voxels. HIMA showcases a remarkable reduction of computational burden, for example, 1 hour by HIMA versus 800 hours by classic multiple imputation packages. HIMA also demonstrates improved precision and stability of imputed data.

PMID:40116075 | DOI:10.1002/hbm.70161

Toxicol Sci. 2025 Mar 20:kfaf036. doi: 10.1093/toxsci/kfaf036. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Key Characteristics (KCs) are properties of chemicals that are associated with different types of human health hazard. KCs are used for systematic reviews in support of hazard identification. Transcriptomic data are a rich source of mechanistic data and are frequently interpreted through “enriched” pathways/gene sets. Such analyses may be challenging to interpret in regulatory science because of redundancy among pathways, complex data analyses, and unclear relevance to hazard identification. We hypothesized that by cross-mapping pathways/gene sets and KCs, the interpretability of transcriptomic data can be improved. We summarized 72 published KCs across 7 hazard traits into 34 umbrella KC terms. Gene sets from Reactome and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) were mapped to these, resulting in “KC gene sets”. These sets exhibit minimal overlap and vary in the number of genes. Comparisons of the same KC gene sets mapped from Reactome and KEGG revealed low similarity, indicating complementarity. Performance of these KC gene sets was tested using publicly available transcriptomic datasets of chemicals with known organ-specific toxicity: Benzene and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin tested in mouse liver, and drugs sunitinib and amoxicillin tested in human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. We found that KC terms related to the mechanisms affected by tested compounds were highly enriched, while the negative control (amoxicillin) showed limited enrichment with marginal significance. This study’s impact is in presenting a computational approach based on KCs for the analysis of toxicogenomic data and facilitating transparent interpretation of these data in the process of chemical hazard identification.

PMID:40116072 | DOI:10.1093/toxsci/kfaf036

Environ Microbiol Rep. 2025 Apr;17(2):e70075. doi: 10.1111/1758-2229.70075.

ABSTRACT

The salt ponds of Trapani, Sicily, represent an extreme and under-explored ecosystem characterised by varying salinity gradients and environmental conditions. These ponds, integral to traditional salt extraction, include cold, driving, hot and crystallizer ponds, each hosting diverse microbial communities. This study aimed to explore the biological and physical-chemical diversity of 11 ponds during the salt production season in Trapani. We conducted comprehensive physical-chemical characterizations, including measurements of pH, conductivity, viscosity, density, organic carbon and ion concentration. Microbial DNA was extracted from salt pond waters and subjected to metabarcoding of 16S rRNA genes to determine the diversity of archaea and bacteria. High-throughput sequencing revealed significant variations in microbial communities across different pond types and seasons. Cold ponds showed a higher diversity of moderately halophilic organisms, while crystallizer and feeding ponds were dominated by extreme halophiles, particularly archaeal genus Halorubrum and Haloquadratum and bacterial genus Salinibacter. Statistical analyses indicated that environmental parameters, especially salinity and temperature, significantly influenced microbial community composition. Our findings enhance the understanding of microbial ecology in saline environments and highlight the potential of halophilic microorganisms. This study provides a foundation for future research into the functional roles of these microorganisms and their industrial applications.

PMID:40116066 | DOI:10.1111/1758-2229.70075

Helicobacter. 2025 Mar-Apr;30(2):e70026. doi: 10.1111/hel.70026.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: This meta-analysis aimed to assess the diagnostic performance of artificial intelligence (AI) based on endoscopy for detecting Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection.

METHODS: A comprehensive literature search was conducted across PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science to identify relevant studies published up to January 10, 2025. The selected studies focused on the diagnostic accuracy of AI in detecting H. pylori. A bivariate random-effects model was employed to calculate pooled sensitivity and specificity, both presented with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Study heterogeneity was assessed using the I² statistic.

RESULTS: Of 604 studies identified, 16 studies (25,002 images or patients) were included. For the internal validation set, the pooled sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve (AUC) for detecting H. pylori were 0.91 (95% CI: 0.84-0.95), 0.91 (95% CI: 0.86-0.94), and 0.96 (95% CI: 0.94-0.97), respectively. For the external validation set, the pooled sensitivity, specificity, and AUC were 0.91 (95% CI: 0.86-0.95), 0.94 (95% CI: 0.90-0.97), and 0.98 (95% CI: 0.96-0.99). For junior clinicians, the pooled sensitivity, specificity, and AUC were 0.76 (95% CI: 0.66-0.83), 0.75 (95% CI: 0.70-0.80), and 0.81 (95% CI: 0.77-0.84). For senior clinicians, the pooled sensitivity, specificity, and AUC were 0.81 (95% CI: 0.74-0.86), 0.89 (95% CI: 0.86-0.91), and 0.92 (95% CI: 0.90-0.94).

CONCLUSIONS: Endoscopy-based AI demonstrates higher diagnostic performance compared to both junior and senior endoscopists. However, the high heterogeneity among studies limits the strength of these findings, and further research with external validation datasets is necessary to confirm the results.

PMID:40116054 | DOI:10.1111/hel.70026

J Vet Pharmacol Ther. 2025 Mar 21. doi: 10.1111/jvp.13507. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Thiafentanil is a popular opioid agonist used for wildlife chemical immobilisation. Its effects are quickly and completely reversed by the antagonist naltrexone. Successful wildlife immobilisations using thiafentanil have been documented in a variety of wildlife species globally. The aim of this study was to describe the single-dose intramuscular (IM) and intravenous (IV) pharmacokinetics of thiafentanil in goats at a dose of 90 μg/kg using a single cross-over study. The IM dose was administered in the left Vastus lateralis. Plasma samples were collected up to 120 min after thiafentanil administration from two female and eight male adult goats. Samples were analysed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Pharmacokinetic parameters from one and two-compartment models were estimated via a Bayesian approach. The two-compartment model was preferred overall. The estimated bioavailability was 0.677 (90% Crl: 0.542-0.888), absorption rate constant (k_a) was 0.058 1/min (90% Crl: 0.045-0.115) and clearance was 29.0 mL/min/kg (90% Crl: 23.7-36.3) from this model. This study provides key pharmacokinetic data on thiafentanil, supporting a two-compartment model and offering insights into its absorption, bioavailability, and clearance when used for wildlife immobilisation.

PMID:40116049 | DOI:10.1111/jvp.13507

Glob Chang Biol. 2025 Mar;31(3):e70112. doi: 10.1111/gcb.70112.

ABSTRACT

Climate change-induced ocean warming can have profound implications for marine ecosystems and the socioeconomic activities dependent on them, affecting the catch composition, and fisheries revenue. Our study evaluates spatio-temporal changes in the Northwestern Mediterranean marine fisheries catch and revenue composition tied to ocean warming and disentangles the different underlying processes. To do so, we analyzed the weighted mean thermal affinity of the catch (Mean Temperature of the Catch: MTC) and revenue (Mean Temperature of Revenue: MTR) across different taxonomic groups, fishing fleets, and fishing harbors, using a 23-year time series of commercial landings. Results revealed changes in catch and revenue composition, with an overall temporal increase in the MTC (0.68°C per decade) and MTR (0.58°C per decade) linked to local sea temperature. The temporal increase in both indices prevailed across fishing fleets and taxonomic groups. The processes underpinning these changes over time were tropicalization (i.e. relative increase of warm-affinity species; 41.97% for MTC and 45.20% for MTR), and deborealization (i.e. relative decrease of cold-affinity species; 46.58% for MTC and 44.99% for MTR), with variability across dimensions. Deborealization particularly influenced pelagic fisheries (i.e. purse-seiners and surface longliners) and some commercially important species (e.g. European hake, blue whiting, and Norway lobster). Even if the temporal increase in MTC and MTR was consistent across taxonomic groups and fleets, the spatial dimension showed heterogeneity and temporal declines in some cases. In summary, our study provides valuable information about temporal changes in catch composition associated with local ocean warming and reveals potential cascading effects through the social-ecological system. In particular, we presented the MTR approach for the first time, evidencing ocean warming effects on revenue composition. We suggest that the correlation between changes in catch and revenue composition reveals the adaptive capacity, or fragility of specific fishing fleets and points to management priorities.

PMID:40116039 | DOI:10.1111/gcb.70112

J Dev Orig Health Dis. 2025 Mar 21;16:e17. doi: 10.1017/S2040174424000473.

ABSTRACT

Obesity during development has been reported to be a determinant factor in the future development of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Parental obesity is suggested to be a predictor of children’s obesity, and it is important to consider parental factors to prevent NCDs in the progeny. Previously, we showed that paternal height had a stronger association with infant birth weight than paternal body mass index (BMI) in the Japanese population. However, only a few studies have examined the association between paternal physique and postnatal obesity. This study aimed to investigate the association between parental physique and obesity in children at the age of 3. This study used fixed data on 33,291 parent-child pairs from the Japan Environment and Children’s Study, an ongoing national birth cohort study. The association between paternal physique (BMI and height) and children’s obesity at the age of 3 was examined using multivariate logistic regression analysis. The higher the paternal BMI quartiles, the higher the odds ratio for obesity in male and female children at 3 years of age (P < 0.0001). However, paternal height quartiles were not associated with male or female obesity. These results differ from the association between paternal physique and infant birth weight, and it is possible that prenatal epigenetic and environmental factors of paternal origin were responsible for the differences between these two studies. The association between paternal BMI and obesity in children at the age of 3 suggests that paternal factors may be involved in the development of NCDs in future progeny.

PMID:40116036 | DOI:10.1017/S2040174424000473