Biophys Physicobiol. 2023 Sep 15;18:S044-S055. doi: 10.2142/biophysico.bppb-v18.s008. eCollection 2021.
NO ABSTRACT
PMID:40078954 | PMC:PMC11901661 | DOI:10.2142/biophysico.bppb-v18.s008
Tag: nevin manimala
Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis. 2025 Mar 8;20:565-580. doi: 10.2147/COPD.S478455. eCollection 2025.
ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: Following the relatively recent introduction of single-inhaler triple therapies in Japan, this study compared the effectiveness of switching from multiple-inhaler triple therapy (MITT) to once-daily fluticasone furoate/umeclidinium/vilanterol (FF/UMEC/VI) by investigating COPD exacerbations and adherence among patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in Japan.
METHODS: This retrospective, pre-post cohort study using the Medical Data Vision Co. Ltd database identified patients with ≥1 inpatient diagnosis and/or ≥2 outpatient diagnoses of COPD at age ≥40 years prior to the index date (first/earliest date of single-inhaler FF/UMEC/VI initiation from May 1, 2019-February 28, 2022, following a switch from MITT). The proportion of patients with ≥1 overall (moderate-to-severe), moderate, or severe COPD exacerbation and rate of exacerbations were assessed at 6 months pre- and post-index. Medication adherence (proportion of days covered [PDC]) was also assessed.
RESULTS: In total, 2365 patients were included, with a mean (standard deviation) age of 75.3 (9.7) years, and 77.1% were male. In the 6 months post-switch from MITT to FF/UMEC/VI, there was a statistically significant decrease in the proportion of patients who experienced ≥1 overall (11.2% to 8.8%; p=0.0014) and severe exacerbation (4.6% to 3.2%; p=0.0069). There was a similar proportion of patients who experienced ≥1 moderate exacerbation pre- and post-switch (6.9% to 6.2%; p=0.2394). Rates of overall (rate ratio [RR]: 0.86, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.74-1.00; p=0.0528) and moderate exacerbations (RR: 0.95, 95% CI: 0.79-1.13; p=0.5796) were numerically lower post-switch. There was a significant reduction in severe exacerbations post-switch (RR: 0.68, 95% CI: 0.51-0.90; p=0.0084). Mean PDC was significantly higher in the 6 months post- versus pre-switch (0.83 versus 0.80; p<0.0001).
CONCLUSION: Patients who switched from MITT to FF/UMEC/VI had reduced exacerbations and improved adherence. These results may help inform healthcare providers on the optimum management strategy for patients with COPD in Japan.
PMID:40078928 | PMC:PMC11899897 | DOI:10.2147/COPD.S478455
J Environ Qual. 2025 Mar 12. doi: 10.1002/jeq2.70009. Online ahead of print.
ABSTRACT
Climate change, driven by greenhouse gas emissions, has emerged as a pressing global ecological and environmental challenge. Our study is dedicated to exploring the various factors influencing greenhouse gas emissions from animal husbandry and predicting their future trends. To this end, we have analyzed data from China’s Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region spanning from 1978 to 2022, aiming to estimate the carbon emissions associated with animal husbandry in the region. Furthermore, we have constructed an SA-STIRPAT model grounded in scenario analysis to forecast the timing of the carbon emissions peak. Our findings reveal several notable trends. From 2001 to 2022, carbon emissions from animal husbandry in the region followed a pattern of “rapid growth, followed by smooth fluctuations, and then a gradual recovery.” Notably, in 2019, the region reached a peak contribution to China’s animal husbandry carbon emissions, accounting for 8.34% of the national total. Ruminants, including cattle, sheep, and camels, were identified as the primary emitters, responsible for 91.6% of the total greenhouse gas emissions. Additionally, our study indicates that factors such as production efficiency, industrial structure, economic level, and population structure positively impact carbon emissions, while population size negatively affects animal husbandry’s carbon footprint. Our model predicts that under both low-carbon and benchmark scenarios, carbon emissions from animal husbandry in the region are expected to decline after 2030. However, under a high-carbon scenario, emissions are anticipated to peak in 2040. In conclusion, to achieve Inner Mongolia’s “dual carbon” goals, it is imperative to implement effective population control measures, enhance production efficiency, elevate the level of urbanization, and optimize the industrial structure.
PMID:40074696 | DOI:10.1002/jeq2.70009
Ann Med. 2025 Dec;57(1):2476042. doi: 10.1080/07853890.2025.2476042. Epub 2025 Mar 12.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Despite the high prevalence of mental stress among physicians, reliable screening tools are scarce. This study aimed to evaluate the capability of the Physician Well-Being Index (PWBI) in identifying distress and adverse consequences among Chinese physicians.
METHODS: This cross-sectional online survey recruited 2803 physicians from Southern Mainland China via snowball sampling between October and December 2020. Data on socio-demographic characteristics, the PWBI, mental distress (including quality of life [QOL], burnout, sleepiness, fatigue and suicidal ideation) and adverse outcomes (medical errors and turnover intention) were collected. Chi-square tests and logistic regression were used for data analysis.
RESULTS: Seven items of the PWBI (emotional exhaustion, depression, stress, poor mental and physical QOL, low work meaning and dissatisfaction with work-life integration) were independently associated with low QOL (all p < 0.05). Physicians with lower QOL were more likely to endorse each item (OR: 1.76-5.86) and less likely to have favourable index scores (all p < 0.001). Assuming a prevalence of 29.2% for low QOL, the PWBI could reduce the post-test probability to 6.9% or increase it to 70.8%. Physicians scoring ≥4 on the PWBI were at increased risk (likelihood ratio >1) for experiencing various mental distress, with sensitivity exceeding 80% in detecting burnout, depression, high stress and anxiety. Additionally, the PWBI score helped stratify physicians’ likelihood of reporting medical errors and turnover intention.
CONCLUSIONS: This study provides preliminary insights into the validity and utility of the 9-item PWBI as a screening tool for assessing distress and well-being among Chinese physicians, helping identify those at higher risk of medical errors or turnover. However, these findings should be interpreted with caution due to the limited sample size.
PMID:40074683 | DOI:10.1080/07853890.2025.2476042
J Pediatr Urol. 2025 Feb 25:S1477-5131(25)00116-0. doi: 10.1016/j.jpurol.2025.02.025. Online ahead of print.
ABSTRACT
AIM AND OBJECTIVES: In the preoperative period, non-pharmacological methods such as multimedia applications and visual and audio technological tools are used to reduce children’s fear and anxiety levels and to distract their attention to create a more enjoyable experience. One of these innovative technologies having attracted attention recently is augmented reality technology. The study was aimed investigating the effects of reading an augmented reality storybook on fear and anxiety levels of children in the age group of 7-12 years in the preoperative period.
METHODS: The sample of the study consisted of 60 children who met the inclusion criteria. Of them, 30 were in the augmented reality story group, and 30 were in the normal story group. Data were collected through the following data collection tools: ‘Sociodemographic Information Form’, ‘Children’s Anxiety Meter’ and ‘Child Fear Scale’. The book “One Child, One Miracle” was used as an intervention tool in the study. The clinical trial registration number of this randomized controlled experimental study is NCT06399016.
RESULTS: In the study, a statistically significant difference and a decrease in the pre-test and post-test fear and anxiety average scores of the children in both groups was observed. The mean fear score of the children in the Augmented reality storybook reading group decreased more than did the score of the children in the normal story reading group.
CONCLUSIONS: In order to prevent preoperative fear and anxiety in children staying in pediatric surgery clinics, it is recommended to expand the use of augmented reality storybooks before surgery. Reading stories is an effective, inexpensive and non-pharmacological intervention.
PMID:40074655 | DOI:10.1016/j.jpurol.2025.02.025
Pain Manag Nurs. 2025 Mar 11:S1524-9042(24)00328-X. doi: 10.1016/j.pmn.2024.12.015. Online ahead of print.
ABSTRACT
Up to 90% of amputee patients have phantom limb pain (PLP), which is difficult to treat. The aim of this study was to assess the medium and long-term efficacy of mirror therapy (MT) in unilateral amputee adults with PLP.
METHODS: We carried out an uncontrolled prospective longitudinal study. Twelve consecutive adult subjects with upper or lower limb amputation and PLP were selected. Weekly sessions of nurse-guided, in-person MT training lasting 1.5 h were implemented for six months. In parallel, self-administered home sessions were added 20 min per day, five days per week for 12 months. At baseline, and at three, six, and 12 months the following variables were analyzed: subjects’ clinical characteristics, pain intensity (visual analog scale), disability (Oswestry Disability Index), Quality of Life (QoL SF-36), impression of patient’s global improvement (Patient Global Impression scale, PGI-I), and hours of MT in consultation and at home.
RESULTS: Statistically significant differences in mean pain intensity scores were found (p < .001) between baseline, and measurements at three, six, and 12 months. Mean disability scores showed statistically significant improvement (p < .001) at at three months. QoL, and mean baseline scores in Physical Function (p < .002) and Body Pain (p < .001) dimensions improved significantly. Patient global impression scores were statistically significant.
CONCLUSIONS: These findings support the efficacy the medium and long term, of MT, in unilateral amputee adults, with PLP, through 12-month follow-up.
PMID:40074638 | DOI:10.1016/j.pmn.2024.12.015
J Prosthet Dent. 2025 Mar 11:S0022-3913(25)00187-8. doi: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2025.02.040. Online ahead of print.
ABSTRACT
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: Early childhood caries is one the world’s most common problems in infants and treatment of posterior teeth with esthetic crowns in a low rate of wear on opposite dentition is a challenge for pediatric dentists.
PURPOSE: The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the wear behavior of the tooth colored crown materials and the opposing teeth in using different esthetic crown materials in the mixed dentition period.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: The following tooth type and crown materials were considered in the experiment. Primary molars consist of first and second molars that were close to exfoliation or needed to be extracted because of orthodontic treatment and were caries free and with no restorations. Permanent teeth consisted of third molars that were caries free and with no restorations. Three different types of crown materials were used: nano-hybrid resin (VarseoSmile Crown plus; Bego GmbH), tetragonal zirconia polycrystalline stabilized with 3 mol% yttria (G-CERAM; Atlas Enta), and lithium disilicate glass-ceramic (IPS e.max CAD; Ivoclar AG). The wear test was performed in an artificial saliva environment (pH=6.7), based on the pin-on-plate technique, for a 2-mm stroke, under a compressive force of 30-N, at a frequency of 2-Hz and with 10 000, 20 000, and 30 000 cycles. A multi-way ANOVA statistical method was used (α=.05).
RESULTS: Wear of the opposing teeth by the glass-ceramic was greater than by the nano-hybrid resin or zirconia materials (P<.05). All 3 crown materials wore primary teeth more than permanent teeth (P<.05). Compared with nano-hybrid resin, zirconia led to more wear of the opposing tooth (P<.05). The wear behavior of the nano-hybrid resin was more predictable compared with the other 2 materials.
CONCLUSIONS: Zirconia and lithium disilicate-based glass-ceramic materials caused more wear on both primary and permanent teeth compared with nano-hybrid materials, yet exhibited less wear themselves when opposed by primary or permanent teeth.
PMID:40074629 | DOI:10.1016/j.prosdent.2025.02.040
J Prosthet Dent. 2025 Mar 11:S0022-3913(25)00118-0. doi: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2025.02.024. Online ahead of print.
ABSTRACT
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: Extraoral photogrammetry (PG) systems can record implant positions in 1 scan or in 2 scans that are then merged. However, the accuracy of implant positions recorded in 2 partial photogrammetry scans is unknown.
PURPOSE: The purpose of this in vitro study was to compare the accuracy of complete arch implant scans recorded in 1 or 2 scans by using 3 extraoral PG systems.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: An edentulous cast with 6 implant abutment analogs (MultiUnit Abutment Plus Replica) was digitized (T710). Two groups were developed depending on the number of scans recorded to capture the 6 implant positions: 1 or 2 scans (n=30). Additionally, 3 subgroups were created based on the PG used: Icam4D, Grammee, OxoFit. In the 1-scan group, the corresponding markers of each system were placed on the implant abutment analogs of the cast. On each specimen, a scan was recorded to capture the 6 implant positions. In the 2-scan group, the corresponding markers of each system were hand tightened on the implant abutment analogs located on the right and left first molars and right and left lateral incisors. The first PG scan was obtained to capture these 4 implant positions. Afterwards, the markers of the right and left lateral incisors were removed and hand tightened on the implant abutment analogs positioned on the right and left first premolars. Lastly, the second PG scan was obtained to capture these 4 implant positions. In the ICam4D and Grammee subgroups, the partial scans were merged by the PG software program. In the OxoFit subgroup, the partial PG scans were merged by using a program (DentalCAD). Linear and angular measurements among the implants were completed on the digitized cast and used to compare the discrepancies with the same measurements acquired on each specimen. Two-way ANOVA and Tukey tests were used to analyze the trueness data. The Levene test was used to analyze the precision values (α=.05).
RESULTS: Linear trueness differences were found among the groups (P=.048) and subgroups (P<.001). The 1-scan group achieved the best linear trueness (P=.048). The Icam4D obtained the best linear trueness. Linear precision differences were found among subgroups (P=.018). Icam4D had the best linear precision. Angular trueness differences were found among the groups (P=.022) and subgroups (P<.001) with a significant group×subgroup interaction (P<.001). The 1-scan group obtained better angular trueness than the 2-scan group. The Icam4D and OxoFit obtained the best angular trueness. Angular precision discrepancies were found among the groups (P<.001) and subgroups (P<.001) tested. The 1-scan group had the best angular precision. The Icam4D and OxoFit obtained the best angular precision.
CONCLUSIONS: The number of scans and extraoral PG system impacted the implant position’s accuracy of complete arch implant scans. The discrepancies measured involved 13 µm of mean linear trueness, 9 µm of mean linear precision, 0.145 degrees of mean angular trueness, and 0.053 degrees of mean angular precision among the subgroups tested. The impact of these statistically significant differences may not be clinically relevant.
PMID:40074628 | DOI:10.1016/j.prosdent.2025.02.024
Br J Anaesth. 2025 Mar 11:S0007-0912(25)00099-6. doi: 10.1016/j.bja.2025.02.007. Online ahead of print.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: In the UK, total intravenous anaesthesia (TIVA) is used in 25% of general anaesthetics and is gaining traction because of its lower environmental impact and effectiveness in reducing postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV). Although meta-analyses have compared TIVA and inhalational anaesthesia (IA), the optimal delivery method-manual infusion or target-controlled infusion (TCI)-remains underexplored. This review addresses this gap, leveraging the rapidly growing body of evidence to guide optimal anaesthetic practice.
METHODS: We searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane CENTRAL and Web of Science from inception to October 10, 2024. Studies comparing TIVA and IA across several patient-related and efficiency outcomes were included. Meta-analyses were performed for all outcomes. Subgroup analyses were performed to assess the contribution of different factors including a comparison of TCI with manual infusion in TIVA.
RESULTS: In total, 385 RCTs were included. No significant difference in ClassIntra grade 3-4 adverse events was observed between TIVA and IA (risk ratio [RR]: 1.00, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.88-1.12; P=0.97). Subgroup analysis also showed no significant difference for TCI (RR: 0.89, 95% CI: 0.66-1.21; P=0.46) or manual infusion (RR: 1.03, 95% CI: 0.90-1.17; P=0.70) groups. IA was favoured in recovery times and costs, whereas the incidence of PONV and agitation on emergence favoured TIVA. No statistical difference was observed in our other outcomes.
CONCLUSIONS: TIVA and IA are comparably safe, with TIVA reducing PONV and agitation, whereas IA offers faster recovery and lower costs. The use of TCI in TIVA might decrease postoperative cognitive dysfunction and increase recovery time, highlighting the need for a systematic review directly comparing TCI and manual infusion.
SYSTEMATIC REVIEW PROTOCOL: This review was registered prospectively with PROSPERO (CRD42024413368) on October 10, 2024. A single amendment to the title and order of outcomes was performed on November 21, 2024.
PMID:40074622 | DOI:10.1016/j.bja.2025.02.007
Sleep Health. 2025 Mar 11:S2352-7218(25)00030-0. doi: 10.1016/j.sleh.2025.01.010. Online ahead of print.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: To identify associations between perceived neighborhood walkability and sleep across racial and ethnic groups of US adults.
METHODS: Data from the 2020 National Health Interview Survey (N=27,521) were used to assess self-reported measures of walkability (pedestrian access, accessible amenities, unsafe walking conditions) and sleep (short and long duration; frequency of waking up unrested, trouble falling and staying asleep, sleep medication use). Stratified by racial and ethnic group, we calculated the age-adjusted prevalence of neighborhood walkability features and sleep measures and estimated prevalence ratios assessing associations between neighborhood walkability and sleep while adjusting for sociodemographic and health covariates.
RESULTS: The prevalence of unsafe walking conditions due to crime was lowest among non-Hispanic White adults (6.9%), and access to places to relax was lowest among non-Hispanic Black adults (72.5%). The prevalence of short sleep duration was highest among non-Hispanic Black adults (37.9%). Neighborhood environment features had differential associations with sleep when stratified by race and ethnicity. For example, walking path access was related to lower sleep medication use among non-Hispanic Asian adults (adjusted prevalence ratio (aPR): 0.42, 95% CI: 0.19-0.91) but greater use among non-Hispanic White adults (aPR: 1.24, 95% CI: 1.05-1.46). More associations were observed among non-Hispanic White adults than other groups; and the strongest magnitude of association was observed among non-Hispanic Asian adults (traffic and sleep medication aPR: 0.31, 95% CI: 0.12-0.84).
CONCLUSIONS: Associations between the neighborhood environment and sleep vary and may be inconsistent by race and ethnicity. Future research may help identify determinants.
PMID:40074608 | DOI:10.1016/j.sleh.2025.01.010