Tag: nevin manimala

BMC Rheumatol. 2025 May 9;9(1):51. doi: 10.1186/s41927-025-00506-x.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic disease primarily affecting older adults, mainly impacting the hip and knee joints. The increasing prevalence of OA contributes to rising healthcare demands and costs. Current OA treatment guidelines emphasize the importance of self-management education and guidance, particularly in promoting physical activity and weight management. In addition, improving sleep is crucial for managing OA. Developing effective self-management interventions necessitates a comprehensive understanding of the factors that facilitate these behaviors. Especially for changing health behaviors, it is important to focus on psychosocial factors. Therefore, this systematic review aimed to identify the psychosocial factors associated with physical activity, weight management, and sleep in adults with hip and/or knee OA.

METHODS: Five databases (PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, PyschINFO, Web of Science) were searched for observational studies reporting statistics on the association between psychosocial determinants and physical activity, weight management, or sleep in people with OA. The methodological quality was assessed using the Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Studies of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. After screening 5,812 articles, 31 studies were included for analysis.

RESULTS: The results showed that intention, self-efficacy, and willpower beliefs were positively associated with physical activity. Kinesiophobia, pain catastrophizing and pain-related fear were negatively associated with physical activity. Depressive symptoms, negative affect, pain catastrophizing, and low willpower beliefs were associated with poor weight management. Anxiety, depression, pain anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder were related to poor sleep behavior.

CONCLUSIONS: This review enhances the understanding of the psychosocial factors underlying physical activity, weight management and sleep in OA. These insights are valuable for developing tailored behavior change interventions aimed at improving physical activity, weight management and sleep in patients with hip and/or knee OA. Future research is warranted to gain more in-depth insights, particularly through longitudinal studies and further research into the psychosocial determinants of sleep, as current literature in this area is limited.

PMID:40346686 | DOI:10.1186/s41927-025-00506-x

Arch Public Health. 2025 May 9;83(1):128. doi: 10.1186/s13690-025-01611-6.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Hereditary diseases, particularly genetic blood disorders such as Sickle Cell Disease (SCD), Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency, and Thalassemia, pose significant public health challenges. Premarital carrier screening (PMCS) is a critical preventive measure, yet its uptake remains low in many regions, including the Ahafo Region of Ghana. This study assessed young adults’ knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) regarding PMCS for SCD, G6PD deficency, and Thalassemia and determined factors associated with these KAP outcomes in the Ahafo Region.

METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted from January to March 2024, involving 460 young adults aged 18-35 years attending various health facilities in the Ahafo Region. Data were collected using a validated structured questionnaire, translated into the local dialect for clarity. The questionnaire covered socio-demographic information, knowledge of PMCS, attitudes towards PMCS, and PMCS practices. Data were analysed using Stata version 14, with descriptive statistics, Chi-square tests for associations, and logistic regression to identify significant predictors of KAP.

RESULTS: The study population was predominantly female (85.7%), with a mean age of 24.7 years. Only 15.4% (n = 71) of respondents demonstrated good knowledge of PMCS. Key factors influencing knowledge included female gender, age 26-35 years, tertiary education, and receiving information from healthcare services. Positive attitudes towards PMCS were observed in 66.7% of respondents, significantly associated with tertiary education, self-employment, unemployment, and cohabiting marital status. However, only 14.1% exhibited positive PMCS practices, with significant predictors being tertiary education and being married. These findings indicate a substantial gap between awareness and actual practice of PMCS.

CONCLUSION: This study underscores the urgent need for targeted educational interventions and policy measures to enhance PMCS uptake among young adults in the Ahafo Region. Improving healthcare communication, integrating PMCS education into tertiary curricula, addressing sociocultural barriers, and enacting supportive policies are essential steps. Engaging various stakeholders, including healthcare providers, educational institutions, community leaders, policymakers, and NGOs, is crucial for effectively translating positive attitudes into proactive practices and reducing the prevalence of genetic blood disorders in the Ahafo Region and Ghana as a whole.

PMID:40346681 | DOI:10.1186/s13690-025-01611-6

Infect Dis Poverty. 2025 May 9;14(1):36. doi: 10.1186/s40249-025-01304-w.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The prevalence and transmission of avian influenza viruses (AIVs) in the live poultry market (LPM) is a serious public health concern. This study was to investigate the prevalence of different subtypes of avian influenza viruses in environment of LPM, and to analyze the differences and seasonality of the nucleic acid positive rate (NAPR) of A type, H5, H7, and H9 subtypes in feces, sewage, drinking water, breeding cages, and chopping boards.

METHODS: Feces, breeding cages swabs, drinking water, sewage and chopping boards swabs were collected from live poultry market during 2019-2023 from southern and northern China. Real-time PCR was used to screen for virus subtypes. Viruses were isolated, and deep sequencing was performed to obtain whole-genome sequences. Chi-square test was used for statistical analysis of categorical variable, GraphPad Prism software were used to construct graphs.

RESULTS: A total of 64,599 environmental samples were collected from live poultry markets in the southern China and northern China between 2019 and 2023. The average NAPR of the A type was significantly higher in the samples collected from the southern China than in those collected from the northern China (P < 0.05). The NAPR of H5, H7, and H9 subtypes carried by the five types of environmental samples in the southern China were significantly different (P < 0.05), and a higher NAPR was detected in chopping boards (10.84%), breeding cages (0.28%), and drinking water (40.97%) respectively. The average NAPR of the H9 and H5 subtypes displayed seasonality, reaching a peak in January and February in the southern China, while the peak of the H9 subtype was from October to February in the northern China. A total of 19 subtypes were identified. The H5 subtype significantly decreased, the H7 subtype was almost undetectable, and other subtypes, such as the H3 subtype, increased.

CONCLUSIONS: The highly pathogenic H5 subtype has significantly decreased in the live poultry market in China since 2022. However, the proportion of some subtypes, such as the H3 subtype, with low pathogenicity to poultry, has increased, while the H9 subtype remains at a high level. It must be noted that these low pathogenic avian influenza viruses often have no obvious symptoms, can circulate asymptomatically in infected poultry, and are highly pathogenic to humans. Our findings provide insights into the control and prevention of avian influenza viruses and the risk of pandemics associated with avian influenza viruses in the live poultry market.

PMID:40346680 | DOI:10.1186/s40249-025-01304-w

BMC Res Notes. 2025 May 9;18(1):208. doi: 10.1186/s13104-025-07270-8.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Under 5 children diarrhea has been one of the major public health concerns in countries with limited resources such as Ethiopia. Understanding the association between under-5 diarrhea and meteorological factors will contribute to safeguarding children from adverse health effects through early warning mechanisms. Thus, this study aimed to explore the association between under-5 diarrhea and meteorological factors to reduce health risks.

METHODS: A time-series ecological study was used to explore the association between meteorological factors and under-5 diarrhea incidence. Spearman’s correlation was computed to test the correlation and a negative binomial regression model was fitted to determine the associations of meteorological factors with under-5 diarrhea incidence. The multicollinearity was checked using the variance inflation factor (VIF) before the multivariable regression analysis and the value was 5. aIRRs with 95% CIs and a significance level of 0.05 were used for all the statistical tests. Statistical analyses were conducted using STATA 14.2 software.

RESULTS: The highest under-5 diarrhea incidence morbidities was 180.9 per 1000 per year for under-five children. This study revealed a positive and negative correlation between the count of under-5 diarrhea and average monthly temperature and rainfall at 0 and 2 lag months with RRs of 1.0209 (95% CI: 1.0034-1.0387), RR 1.0202(95% CI:1.0022-1.0385), RR 0.999(95% CI:0.9985-0.9996), and RR 0.9992(95% CI:0.9987-0.9997) respectively.

CONCLUSION: There was an association between under 5 diarrhea incidence and meteorological factors in the Central Gondar Zone. The mean monthly temperature and rainfall were positively and negatively related to the incidence of diarrhea in children under 5 years old. The results showed that the observed association between meteorological factors and under-5 diarrhea incidence could be used as evidence for the use of early warning systems for the prevention of childhood diarrhea.

PMID:40346673 | DOI:10.1186/s13104-025-07270-8

Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2025 May 9;24(1):200. doi: 10.1186/s12933-025-02758-w.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is closely associated with insulin resistance (IR). However, the prognostic value of different alternative IR surrogates in patients with MASLD remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the association between various IR indices and all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality in MASLD patients.

METHODS: A total of 8,753 adults aged ≥ 20 years with MASLD from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES, 2003-2018) were included, and their mortality data were obtained from the National Death Index (NDI). Insulin resistance surrogates [including the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index, TyG-body mass index (TyG-BMI), TyG-waist circumference index, TyG-waist-to-height ratio index, and Homeostatic Model Assessment for IR] were stratified into quartiles. Cox proportional hazards models, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, restricted cubic spline (RCS), mediation analyses, and subgroup analyses were used to explore the associations between these indices and all-cause mortality as well as cardiovascular mortality in MASLD patients.

RESULTS: During a median follow-up of 98 months, 1,234 deaths were observed, including 409 cardiovascular disease (CVD)-related deaths. In the fully adjusted model, higher quartiles of TyG-related indices were significantly associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality in MASLD patients. Furthermore, the TyG-BMI index was associated with both all-cause mortality and CVD mortality [all-cause mortality: HR (95% CI) 2.84 (1.73-4.67), P < 0.001; CVD mortality: HR (95% CI) 5.32 (2.26-12.49), P < 0.001]. The RCS analyses indicated a U-shaped relationship between TyG-BMI and mortality, with a threshold value of 270.49. Subgroup analyses demonstrated that TyG-related indices had stronger associations with mortality in elderly MASLD patients.

CONCLUSIONS: Our findings highlight the prognostic value of IR indices, particularly TyG-BMI index, in predicting all-cause mortality and CVD mortality in MASLD patients.

PMID:40346671 | DOI:10.1186/s12933-025-02758-w

Reprod Health. 2025 May 9;22(1):67. doi: 10.1186/s12978-025-02023-z.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Music therapy has been widely used in medical practices, demonstrating positive effects on diverse medical procedures. In the context of labor pain management, evidence suggests that music can positively influence pain perception and overall well-being during labor, serving as a distraction and stress reducer. This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to comprehensively evaluate the impact of music therapy on labor pain in primigravida women during vaginal delivery.

METHODS: Following PRISMA guidelines, a thorough literature search was conducted in Google Scholar, PubMed, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials up to November 2023. Nine randomized control trials (RCTs) met the inclusion criteria, involving primigravida women undergoing vaginal delivery with music therapy intervention. Quality assessment was performed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias assessment tool.

RESULTS: A meta-analysis of the fixed effects was performed using mean differences (MD). Pooled analysis of Visual Analog Scale (VAS) scores revealed statistically significant reductions in pain intensity during latent (MD: – 0.73; 95% CI – 1.01; – 0.45); during the active phase (MD: – 0.56; 95% CI – 1.06; – 0.07) and the second stage (MD: – 0.69; 95% CI – 0.85; – 0.54). The findings indicated no statistically significant variances related to the integration of music therapy in addressing anxiety, both in the latent phase (MD: – 0.88; 95% CI – 1.86; -2.02) and the active phase of labor (MD: -0.30; 95% CI – 1.74; 1.13).

CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, the collective evidence presented in this systematic review underscores the potential of music, especially for women giving for the first time. in mitigating labor pain and anxiety across different stages, offering a holistic approach to enhance the overall childbirth experience for women.

PMID:40346658 | DOI:10.1186/s12978-025-02023-z

BMC Health Serv Res. 2025 May 10;25(1):674. doi: 10.1186/s12913-025-12843-1.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Elderly individuals with chronic conditions or acute illnesses are major drivers of hospitalization, with frail patients frequently utilizing emergency department (ED) services. To ease this burden, many countries offer home-based medical services. In Region Halland, Sweden, a mobile team intervention in municipal home care (MHC) was introduced to support frail elderly patients. This study aimed to assess whether the intervention reduced ED visits and hospitalizations among MHC recipients.

METHODS: The study population consisted of all patients aged ≥ 65 years enrolled in MHC in Halmstad, Sweden, from October 2014 – April 2016. Healthcare utilization during the seven months prior to the initiation of the intervention (October 2014 – April 2015) constituted the pre-intervention group and were compared with healthcare consumption during a seasonally matched seven-month period after the launch of the intervention (October 2015-April 2016). The primary outcome was the number of adverse events, defined as unplanned ED visits or hospital admission. Negative binomial regression was used to assess the association between exposure and adverse events, presented as Incidence Rate Ratios (IRRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

RESULTS: A total of 2163 patients were included in the pre-intervention group, and 2197 patients in the intervention group. Both groups had a mean age of 84 years, with no significant differences regarding sex. In the pre-intervention group, 64% had severe comorbidities, compared to 66% in the intervention group. Primary care home visits by physicians increased from an average of 0.9 in the pre-intervention group to 1.1 in the intervention group (p < 0.001). Risk for adverse events was elevated among patients with severe comorbidities (IRR = 3.14, 95% CI: 1.91-5.15, p = < 0.001). There was a slight decrease in the incidence rate for the intervention group; however, this reduction was not statistically significant (IRR = 0.91, 95% CI: 0.82-1.01, p = 0.09).

CONCLUSION: The mobile team intervention in MHC did not significantly reduce ED visits or hospitalizations among elderly MHC recipients, suggesting that physician-led interventions alone may be insufficient to lower acute care utilization in this population. This highlights the complexity of care needs among frail older adults and suggests that a more comprehensive, multidisciplinary approach may be required to achieve meaningful reductions in emergency care use.

PMID:40346643 | DOI:10.1186/s12913-025-12843-1

BMC Psychol. 2025 May 9;13(1):490. doi: 10.1186/s40359-025-02788-9.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Medical students commonly experience Medical Student Syndrome (MSS), a condition where they compare their vague symptoms to the medical problems and life-threatening diseases they are learning about in medical school, even though their health profile is free. Our research aims to investigate the symptoms of MSS (anxiety-related illness) and hypochondriasis, as well as their impact on the lives of students. Additionally, we aim to study various types of personalities and, finally, investigate the demographic determinants of MSS and their interactions with various personality types among medical students in Egypt in the period between September and December 2023.

METHODS: This analytical cross-sectional study targeted 300 students recruited from the medical field at Zagazig University. The data was collected using a self-administered questionnaire, which consisted of four main components: demographic data, the MSS questionnaire, the personality-type questionnaire, and the MSS’s impact. The collected data was coded and analyzed using R statistical software.

RESULTS: Out of the 300 medical field students recruited, 261 (87.0%) were Egyptian, 164 (54.67%) were female, and 216 (72.0%) were medical students without co-morbidity. 181 (60.33%) were aware of the MSS. Only 11 (3.67%) individuals met all criteria of the DSM-V for anxiety disorder, while 20 (6.67%) individuals met all criteria of the DSM-IV for hypochondriasis. The most common anxiety symptoms were difficulty sleeping (50.00%), lack of productivity or difficulty concentrating (44.0%), and rapid heart rate (31.67%). In terms of personality, being sympathetic and warm received the highest median of 6.00 while being critical and quarrelsome received the lowest median score of 2.00. The health anxiety score significantly negatively correlates with dependable and self-disciplined personality traits, while it significantly positively correlates with anxiety and upset personality traits.

CONCLUSION: Around one-third of the sample experienced preoccupation with fears of having a serious disease, with a trivial number of students meeting the criteria for anxiety disorder or hypochondriasis. More than one-third reported negative impacts on sleep, productivity, concentration, and heart rate. Females, Egyptian students, those from rural areas, and dentistry students had higher anxiety scores, whereas medical students had the lowest scores.

PMID:40346642 | DOI:10.1186/s40359-025-02788-9

Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2025 May 9;22(1):54. doi: 10.1186/s12966-025-01757-0.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Randomized controlled studies (RCTs) targeting dietary changes may also lead to other, untargeted changes in lifestyle habits, as spillover effects. In particular, the isolated impact of the dietary intervention may be difficult to separate due to spillover effects from changes in physical activity and physical function. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the spillover effect of a one-year dietary intervention in post-surgery colorectal cancer patients by comparing the changes in physical activity and physical function between the diet intervention group and the control group in a randomized controlled trial, called the CRC-NORDIET study.

METHODS: Men and women, aged 50-80 years were randomized into either the intervention group (n = 240) or the control group (n = 229). Both groups received similar incentives on physical activity. Activity sensors were used to collect data on physical activity at baseline, 6 months, and 12 months. Physical function was estimated by results from handgrip strength, 30 s sit-to-stand test and 6-min walking test. Anthropometric measurements and body composition were also measured.

RESULTS: We found a significantly higher increase in moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA) of 0.18 h per day from baseline to 6 months in the diet intervention group compared to the control group, respectively. However, the spillover effect of the dietary intervention on physical activity diminished to 0.10 h per day at 12 months follow-up which was not statistically significantly different (p = 0.24) from the control group. All measures of physical function increased in both groups from baseline to 6 months with no further increase at the 12-month follow-up.

CONCLUSIONS: The dietary intervention did not induce a significant spillover effect on physical activity after 12 months of baseline, which was the main timepoint of the intervention. Providing identical physical activity guidance to both study groups during the 12-month intensive dietary intervention period, ensured comparable levels of physical activity across both study groups. This approach facilitated the isolation and analysis of the dietary intervention’s effects on primary endpoints, as well as effects of behaviour interventions in secondary preventions, such as the CRC-NORDIET study.

TRIAL REGISTRATION: The study is registered on the National Institutes of Health Clinical Trials website ( www.

CLINICALTRIALS: gov ; Identifier: NCT01570010).

PMID:40346639 | DOI:10.1186/s12966-025-01757-0

BMC Nutr. 2025 May 9;11(1):91. doi: 10.1186/s40795-025-01080-8.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: The increasing prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) necessitates greater efforts to find effective therapeutic agents for this complex condition. This study conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to evaluate the effects of resistant dextrin (RD) supplementation on markers of glucose regulation in patients with T2D.

METHODS: The databases PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library were searched from inception to March 20, 2025 aiming to identify RCTs evaluating the effect of RD supplementation on fasting blood sugar (FBS), fasting insulin levels, and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in patients with T2D. The meta-analysis was conducted using a random-effects model to calculate weighted mean differences (WMDs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). The quality of the included RCTs was assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias tool. The outcome data was pooled using Stata software, version 11.2.

RESULTS: Four RCTs (260 participants) were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis. Meta-analyses indicated that RD supplementation was associated with a significant reduction in HbA1c levels (WMD: -0.30%; 95% CI: -0.56 to -0.03; P = 0.02; I²=0.0%). However, the effect of RD on FBS (WMD: -5.45 mg/dl, 95% CI: -12.38 to 1.93; P = 0.14; I²=55.3%) and fasting insulin levels (Hedges’ g: -0.26; 95% CI: -0.74 to 0.21; P = 0.28; I²=70.4%) was not statistically significant.

CONCLUSION: This systematic review and meta-analysis demonstrated that RD supplementation may effectively lower HbA1c levels in patients with T2D. However, it is crucial to conduct more clinical studies with adequate sample sizes and rigorous methodologies to develop evidence-based treatment guidelines.

PMID:40346635 | DOI:10.1186/s40795-025-01080-8