Tag: nevin manimala

Phys Rev Lett. 2025 Apr 18;134(15):151006. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.134.151006.

ABSTRACT

This Letter reports new results from the HAYSTAC experiment’s search for dark matter axions in our galactic halo. It represents the widest search to date that utilizes squeezing to realize subquantum limited noise. The new results cover 1.71 μeV of newly scanned parameter space in the mass ranges 17.28-18.44 μeV and 18.71-19.46 μeV. No statistically significant evidence of an axion signal was observed, excluding couplings |g_{γ}|≥2.75×|g_{γ}^{KSVZ}| and |g_{γ}|≥2.96×|g_{γ}^{KSVZ}| at the 90% confidence level over the respective region. By combining this data with previously published results using HAYSTAC’s squeezed state receiver, a total of 2.27 μeV of parameter space has now been scanned between 16.96-19.46 μeVμ eV, excluding |g_{γ}|≥2.86×|g_{γ}^{KSVZ}| at the 90% confidence level. These results demonstrate the squeezed state receiver’s ability to probe axion models over a significant mass range while achieving a scan rate enhancement relative to a quantum-limited experiment.

PMID:40315518 | DOI:10.1103/PhysRevLett.134.151006

Phys Rev Lett. 2025 Apr 18;134(15):151802. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.134.151802.

ABSTRACT

The PROSPECT experiment is designed to perform precise searches for antineutrino disappearance at short distances (7-9 m) from compact nuclear reactor cores. This Letter reports results from a new neutrino oscillation analysis performed using the complete data sample from the PROSPECT-I detector operated at the High Flux Isotope Reactor in 2018. The analysis uses a multiperiod selection of inverse beta decay neutrino interactions with reduced backgrounds and enhanced statistical power to set limits on electron neutrino disappearance caused by mixing with sterile neutrinos with 0.2-20 eV^{2} mass splittings. Inverse beta decay positron energy spectra from six different reactor-detector distance ranges are found to be statistically consistent with one another, as would be expected in the absence of sterile neutrino oscillations. The data excludes at 95% confidence level the existence of sterile neutrinos in regions above 3 eV^{2} previously unexplored by terrestrial experiments, including all space below 10 eV^{2} suggested by the recently strengthened Gallium Anomaly. The best-fit point of the Neutrino-4 reactor experiment’s claimed observation of short-baseline oscillation is ruled out at more than 5 standard deviations.

PMID:40315503 | DOI:10.1103/PhysRevLett.134.151802

Phys Rev Lett. 2025 Apr 18;134(15):157101. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.134.157101.

ABSTRACT

In nonequilibrium steady states of Markov jump processes, we derive exact fluctuation-response relations (FRRs) that express the covariance between any pair of currents in terms of static responses in a notably simple form, thus generalizing the fluctuation-dissipation theorem far from equilibrium. We begin by considering perturbations in the symmetric part of the rates. We demonstrate that FRRs imply a hierarchy of thermodynamic bounds. These hierarchies prove the recently conjectured response thermodynamic uncertainty relation, which bounds the ratio between any current’s response and its variance by the entropy production rate (EPR). We furthermore strengthen this bound in two distinct ways, using a partial EPR in one case and a pseudo-EPR in the other. For perturbations in the antisymmetric part of the rates, we show that the ratio between any current’s response and its variance is bounded by traffic, a metric representing the total number of transitions per unit time in the system. As an application, we use FRRs to explain the origin of positive correlations between currents in Coulomb-blockaded systems previously observed in experiments.

PMID:40315487 | DOI:10.1103/PhysRevLett.134.157101

Phys Rev Lett. 2025 Apr 18;134(15):158101. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.134.158101.

ABSTRACT

Lattice models are valuable tools to gain insight into the statistical physics of heteropolymers. We rigorously map the partition function of these models into a vacuum expectation value of a Z_{2} lattice gauge theory (LGT), with both fermionic and bosonic degrees of freedom. Because the associated path integral expression is not affected by a sign problem, it is amenable to Monte Carlo (MC) sampling in both the sequence and structure space, unlike conventional polymer field theory. At the same time, since the LGT encoding relies on qubits, it provides a framework for future efforts to capitalize on the development of quantum computing hardware. We discuss two illustrative applications of our formalism: first, we use it to characterize the thermodynamically stable sequences and structures of small heteropolymers consisting of two types of residues. Next, we assess its efficiency to sample ensembles of compact structures, finding that the MC decorrelation time scales only linearly with the chain length.

PMID:40315486 | DOI:10.1103/PhysRevLett.134.158101

Phys Rev Lett. 2025 Apr 18;134(15):151001. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.134.151001.

ABSTRACT

It is widely established that a lower bound on the dark matter particle mass, m, can be obtained by demanding that the de Broglie wavelength in a given galaxy must be smaller than the virial radius of the galaxy, leading to m≳10^{-22} eV when applied to typical dwarf galaxies. This lower limit has never been derived precisely or rigorously. We use stellar kinematical data for the Milky Way satellite galaxy Leo II to self-consistently reconstruct a statistical ensemble of dark matter wave functions and corresponding density profiles. By comparison to a data-driven, model-independent reconstruction, and using a variant of the maximum mean discrepancy as a statistical measure, we determine that a self-consistent description of dark matter in the local Universe requires m>2.2×10^{-21} eV (CL>95%). This lower limit is free of any assumptions pertaining to cosmology, microphysics (including spin), or dynamics of dark matter, and only assumes that it is predominantly composed of a single bosonic particle species.

PMID:40315485 | DOI:10.1103/PhysRevLett.134.151001

Phys Rev Lett. 2025 Apr 18;134(15):150401. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.134.150401.

ABSTRACT

A typical quantum state with no symmetry can be realized by letting a random unitary act on a fixed state, and the subsystem entanglement spectrum follows the Laguerre unitary ensemble (LUE). For integer-spin time reversal symmetry, we have an analogous scenario where we prepare a time-reversal symmetric state and let random orthogonal matrices act on it, leading to the Laguerre orthogonal ensemble (LOE). However, for half-integer-spin time reversal symmetry, a straightforward analog leading to the Laguerre symplectic ensemble (LSE) is no longer valid because that time-reversal symmetric state is forbidden by the Kramers’ theorem. We devise a system in which the global time reversal operator is fractionalized on the subsystems, and show that LSE arises in the system. Extending this idea, we incorporate general symmetry fractionalization into the system, and show that the statistics of the entanglement spectrum is decomposed into a direct sum of LOE, LUE, and/or LSE. Here, various degeneracies in the entanglement spectrum may appear, depending on the non-Abelian nature of the symmetry group and the cohomology class of the nontrivial projective representation on the subsystem. Our work establishes the entanglement counterpart of Dyson’s threefold way for Hamiltonians with symmetries.

PMID:40315483 | DOI:10.1103/PhysRevLett.134.150401

J Dev Behav Pediatr. 2025 Apr 25. doi: 10.1097/DBP.0000000000001371. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Internet access is critical for reaching most modern-day resources and systems. Yet many do not have consistent access, including people with disabilities. This can have an outsized impact on children, which COVID-19 lockdowns revealed in 2020 to 2021. However, internet access for parents with disabilities and their children is not well-studied. This study aims to fill that gap.

METHODS: We used 2018 to 2022 American Community Survey data. Parents are defined as adults with a co-residing minor for whom they are presumed responsible, and are classified as with or without disabilities. Outcomes include presence of any home internet access and home high-speed internet access, and were analyzed by the presence of disability and type of disability.

RESULTS: Results from modified Poisson regression analysis reveals that disabled parents are 1.79 times as likely as nondisabled parents to not have any home internet access (p < 0.001) and 1.40 times as likely to not have home high-speed internet access (p < 0.001). Adjustment for sociodemographic factors somewhat alleviated these disparities, but even after controlling for urbanicity, poverty, program participation, and family employment status, statistically significant disparities remained for most disability subtypes. Parents with hearing disabilities were most likely to lack home internet access.

CONCLUSION: Among US parents, disability status is associated with lacking any home internet access and lacking home high-speed internet access. Given the importance of internet access in nearly all aspects of modern society for children and families, continued and increased support for programs that assist parents with disabilities may be an avenue for improving access.

PMID:40315438 | DOI:10.1097/DBP.0000000000001371

Sci Adv. 2025 May 2;11(18):eadr9417. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.adr9417. Epub 2025 May 2.

ABSTRACT

Global ice losses will likely continue with ongoing climate warming, culminating in an almost ice-free planet analogous to that which persisted throughout much of the Cretaceous. Despite extensive research, Early Cretaceous cryosphere responses to temperature and atmospheric P_CO2 fluctuations over short, human, timescales remain uncertain. Here, we show rapid late Valanginian (~133 million years ago) seasonal fluctuations in sea surface temperature (SST) and δ¹⁸O mainly driven by atmospheric P_CO2. Two distinctive features emerge: large seasonal variability of up to 15.9° ± 4.9°C in Southern Hemisphere mid-latitudes, comparable to that found today, a positive sea surface δ¹⁸O value related to evaporation (expressed as salinity increases), and the existence of polar ice. Model-predicted patterns of SST change match with high statistical confidence those derived from clumped isotopes in well-preserved oyster fossils from Madagascar and display consistent warm/cold seasonality. Given its relative coolness in a Cretaceous context, the late Valanginian is a valuable analog for Earth’s future climate.

PMID:40315318 | DOI:10.1126/sciadv.adr9417

PLoS One. 2025 May 2;20(5):e0322471. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0322471. eCollection 2025.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The epidemiological characteristics of musculoskeletal infections are constantly evolving. Despite the significant burden of musculoskeletal infections in sub-Saharan Africa, there is a scarcity of data regarding the potential causes and treatment outcomes of such infections in the region. Therefore, the primary objective of this study was to assess a management protocol, clinical outcomes, and associated factors among adult individuals diagnosed with musculoskeletal infections.

METHODS: Adult patients admitted to Jimma University Medical Center (JUMC), Ethiopia with a diagnosis of musculoskeletal infections was enrolled prospectively from July 2022-December 2022. Clinical characteristics, management protocol, and complications were recorded from admission to discharge. Bacteria were identified by a series of biochemical tests, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using the Kirby-Bauer Disk diffusion method. Data were analyzed by using SPSS v.23 and the p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.

RESULT: Among 160 participants included in the study, 103(64.37%) were male, and the mean age 33.51 ± 13.56 years. About 94 (58.8%) of patients had microbial growth, of which 75.5% accounts for mono-microbial. The common bacterial isolates were Staphylococcus aureus in (22.4%), Escherichia coli (18.1%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (14.7) and Klebsiella pneumonia (11.2). The isolated etiologies were resistant to Ceftriaxone in 67(81.70%) and Ceftazidime in 47(61.8%) of test results. Nearly all (98.8%) of patients were took antibiotics on admission and Ceftriaxone was highly utilized as monotherapy in (23.4%) of patients. Nearly half (46.9%) of the patients were develop treatment failure. Sex [AOR = 2.56, 95%CI (1.07-6.23)], microbial growth [AOR = 3.03, 95%CI (1.31-6.97)], ceftriaxone resistance [AOR = 4.46, 95%CI (1.06-18.67)], co-morbidities [AOR = 2.32, 95%CI (1.007-5.36)], and complications [AOR = 2.80, 95%CI (1.26-6.20)] were associated with treatment failure outcome.

CONCLUSION: Close to half of adult patients with musculoskeletal infections experienced treatment failure. Staphylococcus aureus stood out as the prevailing bacterial strain identified. The timely switching of parenteral antibiotics to oral counterparts, alongside timely surgical interventions, significantly enhanced the recovery outcomes for these individuals.

PMID:40315290 | DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0322471

PLoS One. 2025 May 2;20(5):e0321553. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0321553. eCollection 2025.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to assess the spatial distribution of drug-resistant tuberculosis (DRTB) cases in Rio de Janeiro state and its association with demographics, socioeconomic and health determinants.

METHODS: An ecological study based on real-world DRTB data from 2010 to 2022, in the Rio de Janeiro state, using data from the Special Tuberculosis Treatment Information System (SITE-TB) and demographic census. Crude incidence rates (CIR) of DRTB per 100,000 inhabitants and smoothed rates through the Global and Local Empirical Bayesian (BEG and BEL) methods were calculated. Spatial autocorrelation was explored using Moran’s I statistic, Local Indicators of Spatial Association (LISA), and the Getis-Ord statistics. The SCAN method was also used to identify spatial-time clusters. To analyze the association of DRTB and determinants, we used LISA bivariate for spatial correlation and four explanatory statistical models were listed.

RESULTS: From 2010 to 2022, 2,709 new cases of DRTB were reported (CIR 16.9/100,000 inhabitants). The municipalities in the metropolitan region of Rio de Janeiro state had the highest rates. Despite 41% of municipalities reporting no new cases, BEG and BEL suggested higher rates than CIR, indicating underreporting. Spatial heterogeneity was observed, and spatial and spatial-temporal clusters and hotspots were detected in metropolitan region. Family health strategy coverage was identified as protection factor, however a not expected negative spatial autocorrelation between CIR and health strategy coverage, primary care and healthcare agent coverage was found. The variables identified as risk factors were population aged ≥18 years old with Elementary School completed (OR:1.10; CI95%:1.04-1.16), demographic density (OR: 1.00; CI95%:1.00-1.01), HIV-TB coinfection (OR: 1.18; CI95%:1.06-1.31).

CONCLUSION: The identification of areas of risk for DRTB, spatial correlation and association between incidence and determinants, demonstrates that the DRTB transmission dynamics is related to the perpetuation of social inequality and urban spatial organization.

PMID:40315278 | DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0321553