Tag: nevin manimala

Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2025 Jan 6. doi: 10.1007/s00787-024-02628-y. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

We investigated gene-environment interaction in ADHD traits, focusing on environmental variables related to personality traits, school environment, satisfaction with life, and callousness. Using data from 2170 16-year-old twins and state-of-the-art methodology to prevent spurious findings due to measurement scale artifacts, gene-environment interaction models were estimated separately for the two core ADHD dimensions, hyperactivity-impulsivity, and inattentiveness. Based on scores on the SWAN questionnaire, where high scores are reflective of low ADHD traits, results showed that additive genetic influences were more important in explaining individual differences in the degree of hyperactivity-impulsivity in twins with a high score on the trait conscientiousness than in twins with a moderate or low score (e.g., a positive gene-environment interaction). Similarly, additive genetic influences were relatively more important in explaining individual differences in the degree of inattentiveness in twins with a high score on conscientiousness or satisfaction with oneself. Lastly, a negative gene-environment interaction was found: For twins with a high score on the trait callousness, additive genetic influences were less important in explaining differences in the degree of inattentiveness than in twins with an average or low score on the trait. The finding of these specific gene-environment interactions is important for a deeper understanding of the etiology of ADHD traits and may assist in developing targeted interventions for genetically vulnerable individuals.

PMID:39760858 | DOI:10.1007/s00787-024-02628-y

Arch Dermatol Res. 2025 Jan 6;317(1):170. doi: 10.1007/s00403-024-03687-6.

ABSTRACT

Pathological scars are classified into hypertrophic scars and keloids, and currently have poor treatment outcomes and high recurrence rates. Bleomycin has received widespread attention in scar treatment in recent years, but there is currently no exploration on its real-world data. PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases were searched, and eight retrospective studies on the use of bleomycin for treatment were included, covering a total of 562 patients with keloids and hypertrophic scars. The meta-analysis results revealed that 90% of patients had significant flattening of scars after treatment with bleomycin, 5% had moderate flattening, and 4% had mild flattening. The recurrence rate after treatment was only 3%. The major adverse reaction was hyperpigmentation, with an incidence rate of 8%, and no significant ulcers or skin atrophy were reported. Subgroup analysis showed that the significant flattening rate treated with bleomycin alone was 91%, which was significantly different from the 79% treated with bleomycin in combined with triamcinolone acetonide, but the difference was not statistically significant. In addition, the significant flattening rate was 99% in Western patients and 57% in Asian patients, reflecting the impact of racial differences on treatment outcomes. There was no statistically significant difference in curative effects between males and females (RR: 0.95; P = 0.77). Overall, bleomycin has good curative effect in treating scars and has high safety, especially showing more significant effects in Western populations. However, racial differences, treatment plans, and other factors may affect the therapeutic effect of bleomycin. Future research can further explore the mechanisms of these factors and provide more personalized treatment plans for patients with scar.

PMID:39760851 | DOI:10.1007/s00403-024-03687-6

Theor Appl Genet. 2025 Jan 6;138(1):17. doi: 10.1007/s00122-024-04773-z.

ABSTRACT

A major locus SC9.1 was identified and finely mapped into a 92.68 Kb region, and longmi004412 was identified as the casual gene regulating brown seed color in broomcorn millet. Broomcorn millet is a cereal crop with abundant genetic variations in morphology, agronomy, and yield-related traits. The diversity of seed color is among the most distinctive morphological characteristics. However, genetic determinants governing seed coloration have rarely been reported. Here, the F₂ and F₃ populations from a cross between Longmi12 and Zhang778 were employed to elucidate the genetic basis of seed color. Statistical analysis conducted on the seed color in F₁, F_2, and F₃ progeny conclusively demonstrated that brown seed color was controlled by a single dominant locus in broomcorn millet. The genetic control locus, SC9.1, was preliminarily located on chromosome 9 in the 32,175,878-44,281,406 bp region through bulked segregant analysis sequencing (BSA-seq). Furthermore, SC9.1 was narrowed down to a 92.68 kb interval harboring 11 genes using fine mapping with 260 recessive individual genotypes. Combined with gene structural variation, the transcriptome profile, and functional comparison, longmi004412 was identified as the causal gene resulting in brown seed color formation in broomcorn millet. In addition, haplotype analysis of the longmi004412 gene in 516 accessions was performed to clarify the types for broomcorn millet seed color. These findings lay the foundation for precise identification of germplasm at the molecular level, molecular-assisted selection breeding, and the application of gene editing technology in broomcorn millet.

PMID:39760849 | DOI:10.1007/s00122-024-04773-z

Eur J Epidemiol. 2025 Jan 5. doi: 10.1007/s10654-024-01192-8. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

The Stockholm Early Detection of Cancer Study (STEADY-CAN) cohort was established to investigate strategies for early cancer detection in a population-based context within Stockholm County, the capital region of Sweden. Utilising real-world data to explore cancer-related healthcare patterns and outcomes, the cohort links extensive clinical and laboratory data from both inpatient and outpatient care in the region. The dataset includes demographic information, detailed diagnostic codes, laboratory results, prescribed medications, and healthcare utilisation data. Since its inception, STEADY-CAN has collected longitudinal data on 2,732,005 individuals aged ≥ 18 years old living in or having access to health care in Stockholm County during the years 2011-2021. Focusing on cancer, the cohort includes 140,042 (5.1%) individuals with incident cancer and a control group of 2,591,963 (94.9%) cancer-free individuals. The cohort’s diverse adult population enables robust analyses of early symptom detection, incidental findings, and the impact of comorbidities on cancer diagnoses. Utilizing the wide range of available laboratory data and clinical variables allow for advanced statistical analyses and adjustments for important confounding factors. The cohort’s primary focus is to improve understanding of the early diagnostic phase of cancer, offering a crucial resource for studying cancer detection in clinical practice. Its comprehensive data collection provides unique opportunities for research into comorbidities and cancer outcomes, making the cohort a useful resource for ongoing cancer surveillance and public health strategies. The present study gives a detailed description of the rationale for creating the STEADY-CAN cohort, its design, the data collection procedure, and baseline characteristics of collected data.

PMID:39755982 | DOI:10.1007/s10654-024-01192-8

Mayo Clin Proc. 2025 Jan 4:S0025-6196(24)00474-9. doi: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2024.08.027. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To study the effectiveness of virtual reality (VR) in reducing anxiety levels in patients undergoing first-time sternotomy for cardiac surgery.

PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 100 adult patients scheduled for cardiac surgery at Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota, USA, was recruited from April 19, 2022, to October 12, 2022. Before surgery, patients wore a physiological monitor to record vital signs. On the day of surgery, patients completed the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and were randomized into two groups: one receiving a tablet-based intervention (control) and the other an immersive VR experience in the preoperative holding area. After the interventions, patients repeated the state anxiety component of the STAI.

RESULTS: The results showed that overall state anxiety scores decreased an average of 2.0 points with tablet treatment, but this change failed to reach statistical significance. However, 6 of 20 specific state anxiety features significantly improved with tablet treatment whereas 1 feature significantly worsened. With the VR experience, overall state anxiety scores were significantly reduced by an average of 2.9 points, with improvement in seven state anxiety features (three of which did not overlap with the tablet intervention). Despite a greater reduction in the STAI score with the VR experience, there were no significant differences in the anxiolytic responses between groups. Physiologically, both tablet and VR treatments slightly but significantly reduced pulse rate, with no difference between the groups.

CONCLUSION: Overall, the findings suggest that treatment of older adults with an immersive VR experience before cardiac surgery can significantly reduce overall anxiety. Further investigation determining how such interventions can be optimally implemented in surgical practices and whether such interventions reduce the need for anxiolytic medications and improve the overall patient experience is needed.

PMID:39755969 | DOI:10.1016/j.mayocp.2024.08.027

Neuromodulation. 2025 Jan 4:S1094-7159(24)01227-3. doi: 10.1016/j.neurom.2024.11.006. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: Past studies have shown the efficacy of spinal targeted drug delivery (TDD) in pain relief, reduction in opioid use, and cost-effectiveness in long-term management of complex chronic pain. We conducted a survey to determine treatment variables associated with patient satisfaction.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients in a single pain clinic who were implanted with Medtronic pain pumps to relieve intractable pain were identified from our electronic health record. From November 2021 to February 2023, 973 patients with active TDD were identified; 564 completed the 23-question survey, and 560 were included in analyses. Most patients (96.4%) had intrathecal (IT) infusion admixtures containing bupivacaine and opioid. The survey compared satisfaction with IT medication dosages, pain relief, pain diagnosis, catheter tip location, side effects, mental clarity, physical functioning, and healthcare utilization. Outcomes were reported as proportions; p < 0.05 was considered significant.

RESULTS: Most respondents reported good-to-excellent pain relief (63.8%), high satisfaction with TDD (80.7%), improvement in physical functioning (75.0%), and better quality of life (89.7%); 78.5% of respondents reported complete discontinuation or substantial reductions in systemic opioid use. There was a statistically significant relationship between satisfaction and IT medication dose (p = 0.02), with the average dose increasing with higher satisfaction groups. We found that patients on higher doses of IT opioids did not have more bothersome side effects (p = 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS: Our data show that the most satisfied respondents had higher IT doses, fewer side effects, and longer duration of TDD therapy. This suggests that higher dose IT admixtures are safe and effective at relieving pain and improving quality of life in patients with complex chronic pain whose condition has failed to respond adequately to other treatments. TDD may be an effective alternative to long-term systemic opioids for well-selected patients willing to accept the risks of invasive procedures.

PMID:39755963 | DOI:10.1016/j.neurom.2024.11.006

Am J Sports Med. 2025 Jan 5:3635465241252805. doi: 10.1177/03635465241252805. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Patellar instability is frequently encountered by orthopaedic surgeons. One of the major risk factors of this condition is underlying trochlear dysplasia (TD). Recent trends have indicated the use of multiple procedures to correct patellar instability under these conditions. Medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction (MPFLR) and trochleoplasty (TP) are surgical strategies that have demonstrated successful outcomes. However, it is unclear whether isolated MPFLR suffices for patellar instability in the presence of severe TD. Furthermore, the need for TP or a combined approach, considering its invasiveness and technical demands, to achieve better clinical outcomes and patellofemoral stability remains uncertain.

PURPOSE: To compare the outcomes of 3 surgical interventions for addressing patellar instability due to TD: MPFLR, TP, and combined MPFLR and TP.

STUDY DESIGN: Systematic review and meta-analysis; Level of evidence, 4.

METHODS: Studies reporting the clinical outcomes of MPFLR, TP, and both in combination, regardless of additional procedures, were identified using the MEDLINE, PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Cochrane Library, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature databases. An important inclusion criterion was that studies should include the mean preoperative and postoperative Kujala scores and any complications. A random-effects model was used for the meta-analysis.

RESULTS: Overall, 30 studies were included: 10 describing the outcomes of TP, 13 describing the outcomes of MPFLR, and 7 describing the outcomes of combined TP and MPFLR. Furthermore, 1457 patients (1571 knees) were evaluated with a mean follow-up of 42.4 ± 32.8 months. No statistically significant differences were found between the 3 methods regarding the mean difference using the Kujala score. However, combined MPFLR and TP had the highest weighted mean difference compared with the other 2 procedures (28.5 points; P < .001). Evidential analysis revealed a robust log-likelihood ratio (S = 3.2) supporting the superiority of the combined procedure when comparing this mean and the weighted grand mean of 23.7. The redislocation rate after patellar stabilization remained minimal, irrespective of the surgical procedure (mean, 0.7%). However, the rate of residual patellar instability was the highest in the TP group (mean, 13.5%).

CONCLUSION: This study found no statistically significant difference between the outcomes of the 3 procedures. However, the combined approach of MPFLR and TP was associated with the most promising clinical outcomes and a low redislocation rate in patients with varying severities of TD.

PMID:39755951 | DOI:10.1177/03635465241252805

Med Sci Monit. 2025 Jan 5;31:e944713. doi: 10.12659/MSM.944713.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND This study included 32 patients with single missing teeth and alveolar bone defects and aimed to compare outcomes from guided bone regeneration with a gelatin/polylactic acid (GT/PLA) barrier membrane and a Guidor® bioresorbable matrix barrier dental membrane. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 32 participants were recruited in the clinical study, with single missing teeth and alveolar bone defects, requiring guided bone regeneration (32 missing teeth in total). They were randomly divided into the GT/PLA membrane group (experimental) and Guidor® membrane group (control) by the envelope method (n=16). Both membranes were used intraoperatively to cover the bone substitute material. Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) was performed immediately and at 6 months after surgery to assess the amount of bone resorption. In addition, the osteogenic efficacy was calculated. The soft tissue index (STI), wound healing, membrane exposure, and incidence of infection in the operative area were evaluated. RESULTS The implant survival rate was 100% in both groups. The average bone resorption was 148.54±107.42 mm³ in the experimental group and 185.25±85.31 mm³ in the control group (P=0.163); the osteogenic efficacy was 75% in the experimental group and 56% in the control group (P=0.458). Moreover, the parameters of STI, wound healing, membrane exposure, and incidence of infection in the operative area showed no statistically significant difference between the 2 groups (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS The GT/PLA barrier membrane yielded non-inferior clinical and imaging results to the GUIDOR® membrane, exhibiting good efficacy and biocompatibility in GBR.

PMID:39755940 | DOI:10.12659/MSM.944713

J Psychoactive Drugs. 2025 Jan 4:1-9. doi: 10.1080/02791072.2024.2446446. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Growing cannabis use has made it the most widely cultivated and trafficked illicit drug globally according to the World Health Organization, with 147 million people consuming cannabis-derived products (CDPs) in various product forms and constituency. Despite restrictions in certain countries, unregulated access can still be found on the dark web which specializes in trafficking of illicit goods. The objective was to systematically collect data from multiple marketplaces to identify types of cannabis products offered for sale. The study was conducted in three phases: (1) data mining transactions on dark web markets using cannabis and tobacco keywords; (2) inductive coding of selling-related characteristics; and (3) pricing analysis of one marketplace based on product type, shipping, and cannabis policy status. Four dark web markets (Archetyp, Incognito, Royal, and Wethenorth) yielded 2,954 selling posts. The top 3 products based on keyword searches included CDPs (n = 2629, 89%), illicit and prescription drugs (n = 223, 7.55%), and psychedelics (n = 102, 3.45%). For Archetyp listings, cannabis concentrates pricing had a statistically significant difference in average price p/mg when shipped from a country with a complete prohibition. The dark web represents an unregulated digital space where numerous CDPs are sold and shipped to various countries at different prices.

PMID:39755932 | DOI:10.1080/02791072.2024.2446446

Commun Biol. 2025 Jan 4;8(1):10. doi: 10.1038/s42003-024-07445-2.

ABSTRACT

Single cell studies have transformed our understanding of cellular heterogeneity in disease but the need for fresh starting material can be an obstacle, especially in the context of international multicenter studies and archived tissue. We developed a protocol to obtain high-quality cells and nuclei from dissected human skeletal muscle archived in the preservative Allprotect® Tissue Reagent. After fluorescent imaging microscopy confirmed intact nuclei, we performed four protocol variations that compared sequencing metrics between cells and nuclei enriched by either filtering or flow cytometry sorting. Cells and nuclei (either sorted or filtered) produced statistically identical transcriptional profiles and recapitulated 8 cell types present in skeletal muscle. Flow cytometry sorting successfully enriched for higher-quality cells and nuclei but resulted in an overall decrease in input material. Our protocol provides an important resource for obtaining high-quality single cell genomic material from archived tissue and to streamline global collaborative efforts.

PMID:39755918 | DOI:10.1038/s42003-024-07445-2