Tag: nevin manimala

J Ovarian Res. 2025 Jan 6;18(1):2. doi: 10.1186/s13048-024-01585-z.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: A significant overlap in the pathophysiological features of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has been reported; and insulin resistance is considered a central driver in both. The expression and hepatic clearance of insulin and subsequent glucose homeostasis are mediated by TCF7L2 via Wnt signaling. Studies have persistently associated TCF7L2 genetic variations with T2DM, however, its results on PCOS are sparse and inconsistent.

METHODS: We performed a comprehensive literature review of the data published till June 2024, on rs7903146, rs12255372, and PCOS in PubMed, Medline, the Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, Science Direct, Scopus, and Web of Science, followed by a meta-analysis to evaluate the association between these genetic variations and the PCOS risk. Using a random effects model, the pooled odds ratio (OR) and confidence intervals (95%CI) were computed using STATA statistical software.

RESULTS: The genotypic data from 3052 controls and 2291 women with PCOS from ten published studies were analysed. The results indicated no cumulative association between the rs7903146 variant and PCOS risk in either the allelic (C vs. T: OR = 1.21; 95% CI: 0.96-1.47, p > 0.05) or genotypic models (CC vs. CT + TT: OR = 1.06; 95% CI: 0.90-1.23, p > 0.05). Similarly, the genetic variant rs12255372 was not associated with PCOS risk both in the allelic and the dominant inheritance model(p > 0.05). Unlike East Asians (MAF < 0.025), both variants are highly frequent across other global populations including America, South Asia, and Europe (MAF ≥ 0.19).

CONCLUSION: Unlike T2DM, our results showed that rs7903146 and rs12255372 variants of the TCF7L2 gene do not modulate the PCOS risk. However, the role of other TCF7L2 variants remains to be studied in future studies.

PMID:39762965 | DOI:10.1186/s13048-024-01585-z

BMC Psychol. 2025 Jan 6;13(1):10. doi: 10.1186/s40359-024-02329-w.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: This research focuses on examining and comparing the aggression levels of prisoners incarcerated for intentional injury and amateur combat athletes. The study aims to explore the differences in aggression levels among these groups to understand the impact of incarceration and sports participation on aggression.

METHODS: The participants included in the analysis consist of prisoners (n = 363) housed in Marmara No. 7 and No. 3 Type L Closed Penal Institutions, who have been incarcerated for intentional injury, with an average age of 36.64 ± 10.30 years and an average custody period of 980.47 ± 1335.27 days. Amateur combat athletes (n = 203) with an average age of 25.17 ± 10.09 years have been actively engaged in sports for an average of 11.83 ± 9.53 years. The control group (n = 329) has an average age of 32.65 ± 7.56 years. Data collection instruments included a personal information form and the Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire. The data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics 23.0, with a significance level set at p < 0.05.

RESULTS: Analysis of the Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire scores revealed that the aggression levels of prisoners incarcerated for intentional injury were statistically significantly lower than those of both amateur combat athletes and control group participants (p < 0.001). Additionally, a significant reduction in overall aggression scores was observed among prisoners as the number of days in custody increased (p = 0.045). No significant differences were found among amateur combat athletes concerning the discipline variable, and no meaningful relationship was identified between years of active sports participation and aggression scores.

CONCLUSION: The findings indicate that educational, social, and sports activities organized in correctional facilities can be effective in reducing aggression levels among inmates. Systematic planning, professional implementation, and continuous evaluation of such programs can make significant contributions to the rehabilitation of prisoners and their successful reintegration into society.

PMID:39762961 | DOI:10.1186/s40359-024-02329-w

Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med. 2025 Jan 6;33(1):4. doi: 10.1186/s13049-024-01314-x.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Chest pain is one of the most common reasons for contacting the emergency medical services (EMS). It is difficult for EMS personnel to distinguish between patients suffering from a high-risk condition in need of prompt hospital care and patients suitable for non-conveyance. A vast majority of patients with chest pain are therefore transported to the emergency department (ED) for further investigation even if hospital care is not necessary. Improved prehospital assessment and risk stratification, thus accurately and safely identifying patients suitable for non-conveyance, could prevent unnecessary transport to the ED. This would reduce ED crowding and overburdening sparse EMS resources. It would thus also probably reduce healthcare costs. Little is known about the prehospital use of the 5th generation, i.e. high-sensitivity troponin analyses. The aim of this project is to develop an EMS decision support tool using high-sensitivity troponin I for risk assessment of chest pain patients.

METHODS AND ANALYSIS: This is a prospective, multicentre, cohort study including adult unselected EMS patients with chest pain. Data is being collected from 20 May 2023 to 31 December 2025, aiming to include at least 2,000 patients. High-sensitivity troponin I is being analysed bedside using Siemens Healthineers Atellica VTLi. In addition to prehospital troponin I, data is being collected on patient medical history, onset, vital signs, symptoms, ECG and diagnosis at hospital discharge. Several statistical analyses (random forest, logistic regression, gradient boosting) will be conducted to identify the best model for identifying patients with low-risk conditions suitable for non-conveyance.

ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: The study has been approved by the Swedish Ethical Review Authority (Dnr 2022-01066-01 and 2022-06846-02). Patients are being informed about the study both orally and in writing. The results of the study will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and will be presented at national and/or international conferences.

REGISTRATION DETAILS: The study is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05767619).

PMID:39762958 | DOI:10.1186/s13049-024-01314-x

Diagn Progn Res. 2025 Jan 7;9(1):1. doi: 10.1186/s41512-024-00183-3.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The initial theme of the PROGRESS framework for prognosis research is termed overall prognosis research. Its aim is to describe the most likely course of health conditions in the context of current care. These average group-level prognoses may be used to inform patients, health policies, trial designs, or further prognosis research. Acquired brain injury, such as stroke, traumatic brain injury or encephalopathy, is a major cause of disability and functional limitations, worldwide. Rehabilitation aims to maximize independent functioning and meaningful participation in society post-injury. While some observational studies can allow for an inference of the overall prognosis of the level of independent functioning, the context for the provision of rehabilitation is rarely described. The aim of this protocol is to provide a detailed account of the clinical context to aid the interpretation of our upcoming overall prognosis study.

METHODS: The study will occur at a Danish post-acute inpatient rehabilitation facility providing specialised inpatient rehabilitation for individuals with moderate to severe acquired brain injury. Routinely collected electronic health data will be extracted from the healthcare provider’s database and deterministically linked on an individual level to construct the study cohort. The study period spans from March 2011 to December 2022. Four outcomes will measure the level of functioning. Rehabilitation needs will also be described. Outcomes and rehabilitation needs will be described for the entire cohort, across rehabilitation complexity levels and stratified for relevant demographic and clinical parameters. Descriptive statistics will be used to estimate average prognoses for the level of functioning at discharge from post-acute rehabilitation. The patterns of missing data will be investigated.

DISCUSSION: This protocol is intended to provide transparency in our upcoming study based on routinely collected clinical data. It will aid in the interpretation of the overall prognosis estimates within the context of our current clinical practice and the assessment of potential sources of bias independently.

PMID:39762957 | DOI:10.1186/s41512-024-00183-3

BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil. 2025 Jan 6;17(1):4. doi: 10.1186/s13102-024-01038-6.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: “Active” heat acclimation (exercise-in-the-heat) can improve exercise performance but the efficacy of “passive” heat acclimation using post-exercise heat exposure is unclear. Therefore, we synthesised a systematic review and meta-analysis to answer whether post-exercise heat exposure improves exercise performance.

METHODS: Five databases were searched to identify studies including: (i) healthy adults; (ii) an exercise training intervention with post-exercise heat exposure via sauna or hot water immersion (treatment group); (iii) a non-heat exposure control group completing the same training; and (iv) outcomes measuring exercise performance in the heat (primary outcome), or performance in thermoneutral conditions, V̇O₂max, lactate threshold, economy, heart rate, RPE, core temperature, sweat rate, and thermal sensations. Study quality was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2 tool. To determine the effect of post-exercise heat exposure, between-group ratio of means or standardized mean differences (SMD) were calculated for each outcome and weighted by the inverse of their variance to calculate an overall effect estimate (ratio of mean or Hedges’g) in a random effects meta-analysis, with 95% confidence intervals (CI) and prediction intervals (PI). Quality of evidence was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) tool.

RESULTS: Ten studies (199 participants: 156 male, 43 female, age 20-32 years) were included. The effect of post-exercise heat exposure on performance in hot conditions (33-40 °C) was trivial (ratio of means = 1.04) with poor precision (95%CI 0.94-1.15, P = 0.46) and low predictive certainty (95%PI 0.81-1.33). There were also trivial effects on performance in thermoneutral conditions (18-24 °C) and speed at lactate threshold, small effects on V̇O₂max, heart rate, core temperature, and sweat rate, and a moderate effect on thermal sensations. However, the certainty in the effect estimates was graded as low to very low across all outcomes due to small sample sizes, high risk of bias, risk of publication bias, imprecision in the effect estimates, and low statistical power.

CONCLUSIONS: The use of post-exercise heat exposure for improving exercise performance is uncertain. Further high-quality trials are needed to make firm conclusions.

PROTOCOL REGISTRATION: Open Science Foundation ( https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/256XZ ).

PMID:39762944 | DOI:10.1186/s13102-024-01038-6

Anim Microbiome. 2025 Jan 6;7(1):2. doi: 10.1186/s42523-024-00368-7.

ABSTRACT

The gastrointestinal (GI) microbiota plays a crucial role in host health and disease in dogs, but the knowledge regarding the mucosal associated microbiota along the GI tract is limited in dogs. Therefore, the objective of this study was to characterize the phylogeny and predicted functional capacity of microbiota residing on the gut mucosa across five GI regions of healthy young adult and geriatric dogs fed different diets. Twelve weanling (8 weeks old) and 12 senior (11.1 years old) beagles were randomly assigned to be fed an animal product-based diet or plant product-based diet for 12 months. At that time, mucosal samples from the stomach, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, and mid-colon were collected. DNA was extracted and the hypervariable region 4 (V4) of the 16S rRNA gene was amplified to assess microbiota using Illumina MiSeq sequencing. Data were analyzed using QIIME 1.9.1. and Statistical Analyses of Metagenomic Profiles software 2.1.3. Gene predictions were made using Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Unobserved States. Taxonomic assessment revealed a greater (p < 0.05) species richness in the mid-colon compared with other segments. Principal coordinates analysis of weighted UniFrac distances demonstrated distinct clusters of stomach, ileum, and mid-colon samples, indicating the presence of unique microbial communities in these regions. The predominant phyla in all five segments were Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria and Fusobacteria, but their relative abundances varied between segments. Proteobacteria had a decreasing relative abundance from the stomach to mid-colon (q < 0.05). The ileum had the highest while the stomach had the lowest relative abundance of Firmicutes (q < 0.05). The duodenum had a higher abundance of Bacteroidetes than the stomach and ileum (q < 0.05). The mid-colon had a higher Fusobacteria relative abundance than other regions (q < 0.05). The predicted functional capacities of the microbiota in the stomach differed from those in the other segments. Age and diet of dog did not significantly impact the taxonomy or predicted functional capacities of the mucosal microbiota. In conclusion, our findings demonstrate distinct characteristics of the mucosal microbiota across various segments of canine GI tract.

PMID:39762940 | DOI:10.1186/s42523-024-00368-7

Infect Chemother. 2024 Dec;56(4):502-509. doi: 10.3947/ic.2024.0083.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Wound infections significantly impact morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs globally. The Kashmir Valley’s unique geographical and climatic conditions, coupled with resource constraints and antibiotic misuse, complicate managing these infections effectively. This study aimed to identify predominant bacterial pathogens in wound infections at a tertiary care hospital in Kashmir, determine their antibiotic susceptibility profiles, and estimate the prevalence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted from January to June 2023 at the Government Medical College, Srinagar. Pus samples from wound infections were aseptically collected and processed following standard microbiological protocols. Antibiotic susceptibility testing utilized the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method, adhering to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS statistics.

RESULTS: Out of 4,378 samples analyzed, bacterial growth was observed in 1,921 samples, representing 43.9% of the total. Among the bacterial isolates, Gram-negative bacilli accounted for 73.5%, with Escherichia coli being the most prevalent at 27.9%. Among Gram-positive cocci, Staphylococcus aureus predominated, comprising 25.9% of the isolates. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus exhibited 100% susceptibility to linezolid but low susceptibility to erythromycin (27.0%) and clindamycin (24.0%). E. coli demonstrated high susceptibility to tigecycline (97.4%) and amikacin (75.0%), but lower susceptibility to imipenem (45.0%) and piperacillin-tazobactam (57.8%).

CONCLUSION: The substantial wound infection burden and high MDR prevalence in Kashmir necessitate comprehensive antimicrobial stewardship and infection control programs. Regular surveillance, education, and research are crucial to address antibiotic resistance and ensure effective wound infection management in the region.

PMID:39762926 | DOI:10.3947/ic.2024.0083

J Anim Sci Biotechnol. 2025 Jan 6;16(1):5. doi: 10.1186/s40104-024-01135-z.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Meat goat production is a worldwide industry with products such as meat, milk, soap, and fiber being produced. There are approximately 2.6 million meat goats in the United States. For breeding female ruminants, early pregnancy loss is estimated to be 30% within the first month of gestation. Extracellular L-citrulline (a precursor to L-arginine) is not degraded by ruminal microbes due to the lack of uptake. L-Arginine and thus L-citrulline, have beneficial impacts on placentation and, subsequently, fetal-placental development and survival. This study aimed to determine the impact of feeding L-citrulline to meat goats during gestation to improve reproductive success. Meat goats were fed either a control (CON) or L-citrulline (CIT) supplemented diet from d 12 to 82 of gestation. Blood samples were collected and sera were subjected to high-performance liquid chromatography analyses to quantify the abundance of amino acids. Pregnancy rates were determined on d 30, 61, and 90 of gestation, and litter weight, individual birth weights, and 90 d adjusted weaning weights were collected.

RESULTS: The concentrations of citrulline, ornithine, and arginine were greater in CIT does compared to CON does, but there was no difference in pregnancy rates between CON and CIT does. Birth weight was greater for male kids born as singles when compared to females, but this phenotype was not observed for kids born as twins or triplets. Further, males born to CON does had greater 90 d adjusted weaning weights than females, but this was not observed in the CIT group. Female kids born to CON and CIT Boer goats had heavier 90 d adjusted weaning weights than those born to Spanish or F1 Boer-Spanish does.

CONCLUSION: This study provides proof of concept that feeding dietary L-citrulline increases concentrations of citrulline and arginine in blood of gestating meat goats. However, further studies are needed to understand the cellular mechanisms impacted by feeding this supplement. Regardless, this study demonstrated that feeding L-citrulline has the potential to increase reproductive performance in gestating ruminants.

PMID:39762898 | DOI:10.1186/s40104-024-01135-z

Trials. 2025 Jan 6;26(1):6. doi: 10.1186/s13063-024-08713-6.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Leptospirosis is a zoonotic bacterial infection occurring worldwide. It is of particular public health concern due to its global distribution, epidemic potential and high mortality without appropriate treatment. The method for the management of leptospirosis, particularly in severe disease, is clouded by methodological inconsistency and a lack of standardized outcome measures. The study this protocol details aims to develop a core outcome set (COS) for leptospirosis research. A COS is a set of outcomes with international consensus as a minimum for reporting in future studies focusing on leptospirosis. Establishing a COS will contribute to harmonizing Leptospirosis treatment research and will be instrumental in constructing a high-quality evidence base to feed into a planned future rigorous international clinical trial on leptospirosis.

METHODS: The COS-LEP study will employ a COS development methodology standardized by the COMET initiative framework. This includes (1) a systematic review of available quantitative and qualitative literature reporting therapeutic response and safety outcomes and measures; (2) focused interviews with healthcare professional and people treated for leptospirosis exploring outcomes of interests using qualitative methodology; (3) narrowing the choice of outcomes by international consensus using a Delphi survey process; and (4) undertaking a hybrid consensus meeting with key stakeholders to build the final COS.

DISCUSSION: This protocol describes the method to develop the first core outcome set for use in human leptospirosis studies. This will not only be a key feature in the design of a future definitive randomized controlled trial, but also provide a structure for clinicians and researchers collecting treatment cohort data in the various settings where leptospirosis is a public health issue.

PMID:39762892 | DOI:10.1186/s13063-024-08713-6

BMC Nurs. 2025 Jan 6;24(1):9. doi: 10.1186/s12912-024-02581-w.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Negotiating is a common occurrence and a significant part of everyday tasks for head nurses. The ability of the head nurse to effectively negotiate is a crucial management tool for work management in healthcare facilities.

AIM: The present study aimed to assess the effect of negotiation skills training program on head nurses’ knowledge and behavior.

METHODS: A pretest-posttest, one-group quasi-experimental design was conducted at Menoufia University Hospitals. It is located in Shebeen, Elkom City, Cairo, Egypt. All head nurses and their assistants and their number 64 head nurses.

RESULTS: The results indicated that a minority of head nurses had satisfactory knowledge regarding negotiation in the pretest phase and obviously increased in the posttest to be more than three quarters and slightly decreased in the follow-up phase. Also, a minority had a high negotiation behavior level in the pretest phase and increased to be more than half in the posttest with a slight decrease in the follow-up stage. There was a highly statistically significant difference between pre-, post-, and follow-up results regarding negotiation knowledge and behavior.

CONCLUSION: The study revealed that the head nurse’s knowledge and behavior increased markedly after implementing the negotiation skills training program.

RECOMMENDATIONS: Conduct continuous education and training programs for stimulating and developing head nurses’ knowledge, behavior regarding negotiation, and hospital administration should support the importance of negotiation skills to both head nurses and organizations. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER [TRN]: The study protocol was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Nursing, Ain Shams University (code number: NUR 23.10.131).

PMID:39762889 | DOI:10.1186/s12912-024-02581-w