Tag: nevin manimala

Phys Rev Lett. 2026 Feb 27;136(8):081201. doi: 10.1103/kfld-35xl.

ABSTRACT

Various theoretical models predict the existence of extended γ-ray halos around normal galaxies that could be produced by interactions of cosmic rays with the circumgalactic medium or by annihilation or decay of hypothetical dark matter particles. Observations of M31, the closest massive galaxy, also corroborate this possibility. In this Letter, we describe our search for gamma-ray emission from the galaxies within 15 Mpc at energies higher than 2 GeV and try to assess its spatial extension. We use the latest catalog of local galaxies and apply a simple yet robust method of aperture photometry. By imposing the mass, energy, and spatial cuts, we selected a set of 16 late-type galaxies and found a statistically significant excess above the background level: a p value of 3.7×10^{-7} at E>2 GeV, reaching maximal significance of p-val=2.3×10^{-8} for a subset of front-converted events with E>2 GeV, where the angular resolution is higher. More importantly, our analysis shows that this excess can be ascribed to an extended source with a radius ∼0.3° rather than a pointlike one. This, for D=15 Mpc, corresponds to a physical halo radius of r_{h}=80 kpc. In contrast, six early-type galaxies, which satisfied the same cuts, showed no excess. Our results are supported by the stacking likelihood analysis technique, which significantly (5.6σ) detected an extended excess. The difference between the late- and early-type galaxies and a rather irregular shape of the extended source that we found, indicate that this high-energy emission is more likely caused by the interactions of cosmic rays with the circumgalactic medium, in preference to dark matter annihilation and decay processes.

PMID:41825021 | DOI:10.1103/kfld-35xl

Phys Rev Lett. 2026 Feb 27;136(8):081601. doi: 10.1103/c75g-xbw4.

ABSTRACT

We show that Langer’s rate of bubble nucleation is quantitatively correct up to small higher-loop corrections, in comparison to lattice simulations. These results are a significant advancement on decades of lattice studies showing only qualitative trends, and the first showing agreement for any conservative field theory. We confirm that the failure to fully thermalize the metastable phase explains discrepancies with recent lattice studies that found disagreement with Langer’s rate. The key theoretical development is the translation of Langer’s perturbative definition of a thermal metastable phase into a nonperturbative statement that can be implemented on the lattice. Our statistical and systematic errors are small enough to allow us to measure on the lattice the coefficient of the two-loop contribution, missing from the perturbative prediction. Our conclusions also exclude a possible systematic uncertainty in ^{3}He experiments.

PMID:41825018 | DOI:10.1103/c75g-xbw4

Phys Rev Lett. 2026 Feb 27;136(8):087103. doi: 10.1103/sdbx-wx5t.

ABSTRACT

We introduce a spectral approach to characterizing the three-dimensional Edwards-Anderson spin glass. By analyzing the eigenvalue statistics of overlap matrices constructed from two-dimensional cross sections, we identify a crossover from the Wigner semicircle law at high temperatures toward a Gaussian distribution, which is consistently attained near the spin-glass critical point. Visible for different distributions of the random coupling, the Gaussian distribution can potentially serve as a robust spectral indicator of criticality. Remarkably, the spectral density is well described by Tsallis statistics, with the entropic index q evolving from q=-1 (semicircle, T=∞) to q=1 (Gaussian) at T_{c}, revealing a statistical structure inside the paramagnetic phase. We find q≤1 within numerical precision. While the local level statistics remain consistent with Gaussian orthogonal ensemble statistics, reflecting standard level repulsion, the temperature dependence appears mainly in the global spectral density. Our results present spectral statistics as a computationally efficient complement to multireplica correlator methods and provide a new perspective on cooperative and critical phenomena in disordered systems.

PMID:41825013 | DOI:10.1103/sdbx-wx5t

Phys Rev Lett. 2026 Feb 27;136(8):080601. doi: 10.1103/4b99-xmqn.

ABSTRACT

Quantum advantage schemes probe the boundary between classically simulatable and classically intractable quantum dynamics. We explore the impact of midcircuit measurements on the computational power of quantum circuits. To this effect, we focus on quantum sampling and introduce a constant-depth measurement-driven approach for efficiently sampling from a broad class of commuting diagonal quantum circuits and associated structured phase states, previously requiring polynomial-depth unitary circuits. By interleaving midcircuit measurements with feedforward in randomized “fan-out staircases,” our dynamical circuits bypass Lieb-Robinson light-cone constraints, enabling global entanglement with flexible auxiliary qubit usage on bounded-degree lattices (e.g., two-dimensional grids). The generated phase states exhibit random-matrix statistics and anticoncentration comparable to fully random architectures. We further demonstrate measurement-driven feature maps that distinguish phases of an extended Su-Schrieffer-Heeger model from random eigenstates in a quantum machine-learning benchmark (reservoir computing). Technologically, our results harness midcircuit measurements to realize quantum advantages on bounded-degree hardware with a favorable topology. Conceptually, they provide complexity-theoretic support for quantum speedups by midcircuit measurements.

PMID:41824987 | DOI:10.1103/4b99-xmqn

Phys Rev Lett. 2026 Feb 27;136(8):080403. doi: 10.1103/x164-8n1w.

ABSTRACT

The simulation of quantum field theories, both classical and quantum, requires regularization of infinitely many degrees of freedom. However, in the context of field digitization (FD)-a truncation of the local fields to N discrete values-a comprehensive framework to obtain continuum results is currently missing. Here, we propose to analyze FD by interpreting the parameter N as a coupling in the renormalization group (RG) sense. As a first example, we investigate the two-dimensional (2D) classical N-state clock model as a Z_{N} FD of the U(1) symmetric XY model. Using effective field theory, we employ the RG to derive generalized scaling hypotheses involving the FD parameter N, which allows us to relate data obtained for different N-regularized models in a procedure that we term field digitization scaling (FDS). Using numerical tensor-network calculations at finite bond dimension χ, we further uncover an unconventional universal crossover around a low-temperature phase transition induced by finite N, demonstrating that FDS can be extended to describe the interplay of χ and N. Finally, we analytically prove that our calculations for the 2D classical-statistical Z_{N} clock model are directly related to the quantum physics in the ground state of a (2+1)D Z_{N} lattice gauge theory, which serves as a FD of compact quantum electrodynamics. Our Letter thus paves the way for applications of FDS to quantum simulations of more complex models in higher spatial dimensions, where it could serve as a tool to analyze the continuum limit of digitized quantum field theories.

PMID:41824981 | DOI:10.1103/x164-8n1w

Phys Rev Lett. 2026 Feb 27;136(8):086601. doi: 10.1103/4jww-6b6t.

ABSTRACT

Anyons, unique to two spatial dimensions, underlie extraordinary phenomena such as the fractional quantum Hall effect, but their generalization to higher dimensions has remained elusive. The topology of Eilenberg-MacLane spaces constrains the loop statistics to be only bosonic or fermionic in any dimension. In this Letter, we introduce the novel anyonic statistics for membrane excitations in four dimensions. Analogous to the Z_{N} particle exhibiting Z_{N×gcd(2,N)} anyonic statistics in two dimensions, we show that the Z_{N} membrane possesses Z_{N×gcd(3,N)} anyonic statistics in four dimensions. Given unitary volume operators that create membrane excitations on the boundary, we propose an explicit 56-step unitary sequence that detects the membrane statistics. We further analyze the boundary theory of (5+1)D 1-form Z_{N} symmetry-protected topological phases and demonstrate that their domain walls realize all possible anyonic membrane statistics. We then show that the Z_{3} subgroup persists in all higher dimensions. In addition to the standard fermionic Z_{2} membrane statistics arising from Stiefel-Whitney classes, membranes also exhibit Z_{3} statistics associated with Pontryagin classes. We explicitly verify that the 56-step process detects the nontrivial Z_{3} statistics in five, six, and seven spatial dimensions. Moreover, in seven and higher dimensions, the statistics of membrane excitations stabilize to Z_{2}×Z_{3}, with the Z_{3} sector consistently captured by this process.

PMID:41824970 | DOI:10.1103/4jww-6b6t

Phys Rev Lett. 2026 Feb 27;136(8):081802. doi: 10.1103/rk6w-1pcl.

ABSTRACT

The first observation of single top quark production in association with a W and a Z boson in proton-proton collisions is reported. The analysis uses data at center-of-mass energies of 13 and 13.6 TeV recorded with the CMS detector at the CERN LHC, corresponding to a total integrated luminosity of 200 fb^{-1}. Events with three or four charged leptons, which can be electrons or muons, are selected. Advanced machine-learning algorithms and improved reconstruction methods, compared to an earlier analysis, result in an unprecedented sensitivity to tWZ production. The measured cross sections for tWZ production are 248±52 fb and 242±77 fb for sqrt[s]=13 and 13.6 TeV, respectively. The signal is established with a statistical significance of 5.8 standard deviations, with 3.5 expected, compared to the background-only hypothesis.

PMID:41824968 | DOI:10.1103/rk6w-1pcl

Comput Inform Nurs. 2026 Mar 13. doi: 10.1097/CIN.0000000000001515. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this research was to determine the effect of virtual reality on patients undergoing total knee replacement on their anxiety level and vital signs. A total of 70 patients were randomly allocated into the virtual reality group (n = 35) and control group (n = 35). Patients in the virtual reality group were shown nature and landscape images with virtual reality for 1 hour during surgery. The routine intraoperative procedure was used for the patients in the control group. Data were collected using the “Vital Signs Follow-up Form” and “State Anxiety Inventory.” Results revealed that the mean State Anxiety Inventory score of the patients in the virtual reality group was statistically significantly lower than the control group (t = -11.854; P = .00; η2 = 0.508). While there was no significant difference between the groups in respiratory rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, oxygen saturation means at 0, 15, 30, 45, and 60 minutes and pulse rate means at 0 and 15 minutes (P > .05), pulse rate means at 30, 45, and 60 minutes were lower in the virtual reality group compared to the control group (P < .05). Virtual reality application during total knee replacement surgery did not affect all vital signs of patients, but only reduced the pulse rate and significantly reduced anxiety levels.

PMID:41824967 | DOI:10.1097/CIN.0000000000001515

JMIR Med Educ. 2026 Mar 13;12:e66999. doi: 10.2196/66999.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Effective interprofessional collaboration (IPC) is essential for patient safety; yet, poor teamwork and communication remain key challenges in high-pressure settings like the emergency department (ED), contributing to medication errors. Although Team Strategies and Tools to Enhance Performance and Patient Safety (TeamSTEPPS)-based interprofessional education addresses these issues, adaptation in clinical settings remains difficult. To bridge this gap, we developed Emergency Room Virtual Simulation-Based Interprofessional Education (ER-VIPE), a multimodal, TeamSTEPPS-integrated intervention designed to enhance IPC and reduce medication errors.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study is to evaluate the effectiveness of ER-VIPE in enhancing IPC performance among emergency physicians, nurses, and pharmacists and in reducing medication errors. The primary objective is to assess changes in IPC performance in both real-world ED settings and in computer-based simulations. The secondary objective is to examine the intervention’s impact on medication error rates in the ED.

METHODS: This quasi-experimental study involved 15 interprofessional teams (each comprising 1 physician, 1 pharmacist, and 2 nurses), undergoing the ER-VIPE training. This multimodal intervention included 2 medical films, a massive open online course on TeamSTEPPS and IPC, and a computer-based simulation session on acute chest pain and cardiac arrest scenarios via the simulation-based interprofessional education (SIMBIE) platform. Co-debriefings were provided as a complement to the SIMBIE session, guiding participants through positive feedback and areas of improvement. TeamSTEPPS performance was measured using the Modified TeamSTEPPS and Team Performance Observation Tool (mTPOT) in both simulation and real-world ED settings. Generalized estimating equations with a Gaussian family, identity link, and exchangeable correlation structure were used to evaluate IPC score changes. Chi-square and Fisher exact tests were applied to compare near-miss and actual medication errors before and after the intervention. A 2-tailed P value <.05 was considered statistically significant.

RESULTS: The study was conducted from November 2023 to January 2024 at a university hospital with 60 participants. Following the co-debriefing session in the simulation, overall mTPOT scores increased by 2.00 points (P<.001), with the greatest improvement among physicians (+2.70), followed by nurses (+1.75) and pharmacists (+1.56). In the ED, most mTPOT domains improved significantly across all professions 2 months after the intervention (P<.001). Although no significant reduction in harmful medication errors was observed, reporting of near-miss prescription errors increased significantly (P=.01).

CONCLUSIONS: ER-VIPE enhanced IPC among ED physicians, nurses, and pharmacists, with sustained effects observed up to 2 months in real-world settings. The combination of medical films and massive open online courses provided accessible foundational knowledge, while computer-based virtual SIMBIE with co-debriefing reinforced practical communication and teamwork. Increased near-miss reporting suggests improved situational awareness and a more transparent safety culture. This multimodal training model shows promise for advancing collaboration and patient safety in emergency care.

PMID:41824952 | DOI:10.2196/66999

JMIR Mhealth Uhealth. 2026 Mar 13;14:e74206. doi: 10.2196/74206.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence and mortality rates continue to be elevated even though effective screening methods are widely available. To increase CRC screening in primary care practices, our team developed a tablet-based digital health program (mPATH) designed to identify patients needing CRC screening, provide education, and empower patients to request a screening test via the program.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to qualitatively assess facilitators of and barriers to implementing and maintaining mPATH in primary care clinics.

METHODS: In a pragmatic implementation trial, clinics were randomized to receive only in-person training and technological support via phone or email (low touch) or added levels of support, such as at-elbow support during launch, regular check-ins, memos, and reports (high touch). After implementation and data collection were concluded, we conducted telephone interviews with health care providers, clinic managers, and front desk and nursing staff recruited from 8 primary care clinics of varying sizes and with varying degrees of implementation of mPATH. The interviews were designed to collect perceived facilitators of and barriers to using mPATH. All interviews were administered via telephone by a single project staff member with no prior contact with participants. Interviews were audio-recorded, and 2 study team members independently coded each interview transcript and developed a codebook to identify meaningful categories in the dataset. The coders met periodically to resolve discrepancies. Data within each category were abstracted and synthesized into themes. Themes were determined inductively by prevalence and salience in the data per the principles of thematic analysis.

RESULTS: A total of 33 interviews were completed between September 2021 and April 2023 with health care providers (n=8, 24.2%), clinic managers (n=9, 27.3%), nursing staff (n=8, 24.2%), and front desk staff (n=8, 24.2%). Interviews averaged 26.7 (SD 4.9) minutes. Barriers and facilitators identified varied among clinic sites and by clinic role. Overall, the primary factors supporting the implementation of mPATH were health care provider and staff buy-in, perceived potential time savings, and workflow improvement. The primary barriers identified were perceived lack of need for the program and technical issues. There was no significant indication that clinic size or randomization to low- or high-touch training and support played a role in the decision to continue or stop using the program.

CONCLUSIONS: Implementation of a tablet-based CRC screening tool in primary care practices is feasible with health care provider and staff buy-in and validation of potential time savings and workflow improvements but may be limited by perceived lack of need for the program and technical issues.

PMID:41824951 | DOI:10.2196/74206