Tag: nevin manimala

Autism Res. 2025 Feb 4. doi: 10.1002/aur.3312. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Although autism is a childhood-onset neurodevelopmental disorder, its features change across the life course due to a combination of individual and contextual influences. However, the influence of contextual factors on development during childhood and beyond is less frequently studied than individual factors such as genetic variants that increase autism risk, IQ, language, and autistic features. Potentially important contexts include the family environment and socioeconomic status, social networks, school, work, services, neighborhood characteristics, environmental events, and sociocultural factors. Here, we articulate the benefit of studying contextual factors, and we offer selected examples of published longitudinal autism studies that have focused on how individuals develop within context. Expanding the autism research agenda to include the broader context in which autism emerges and changes across the life course can enhance understanding of how contexts influence the heterogeneity of autism, support strengths and resilience, or amplify disabilities. We describe challenges and opportunities for future research on contextual influences and provide a list of digital resources that can be integrated into autism data sets. It is important to conceptualize contextual influences on autism development as main exposures, not only as descriptive variables or factors needing statistical control.

PMID:39902495 | DOI:10.1002/aur.3312

JBI Evid Synth. 2025 Feb 4. doi: 10.11124/JBIES-24-00291. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

It is now widely recognized that an inclusive approach to evidence to inform policy and practice is necessary. Although methodologies for the synthesis of qualitative and quantitative evidence are well established, the synthesis of non-research evidence remains relatively new. In 2004, JBI developed a methodological approach to synthesize this type of evidence, advocating for the unique role of textual evidence when research to inform decision-making is limited. The JBI approach has recently been revised to reflect significant changes and advances in thinking and conceptualization of conducting textual evidence systematic reviews. The evolution of this methodology and the recent changes that have been made are articulated in this paper.

PMID:39902471 | DOI:10.11124/JBIES-24-00291

Front Physiol. 2025 Jan 20;15:1466153. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1466153. eCollection 2024.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To explore the characteristics of cardiopulmonary exercise capacity in adults with different degrees of obesity through cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET).

METHODS: From September 2019 to January 2024, the data of patients undergoing CPET in the Rehabilitation Department of the Affiliated Wuxi People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University were analyzed retrospectively. A total of 231 cases were included. They were categorized into five groups based on their body mass index (BMI): the control group (18.5 ≤ BMI < 24 kg/m², n = 28), the overweight group (24.0 ≤ BMI < 28 kg/m², n = 48), the mild obesity group (28 ≤ BMI < 35 kg/m², n = 75), the moderate obesity group (35.0 ≤ BMI < 40 kg/m², n = 47), and the severe obesity group (BMI ≥ 40 kg/m², n = 33). Collected informations on the age, gender, height, and weight of five groups of participants. The VO₂ at anaerobic threshold (VO_2AT), percentage of predicted VO_2AT (VO_2AT% Pred), peak oxygen consumption (VO_2peak), percentage of predicted VO_2peak (VO_2peak% Pred), peak kilogram oxygen consumption (VO_2peak/kg), maximum exercise power (WR_max), breathing reserve (BR), maximum heart rate (HR_max), percentage of predicted HR_max (HR_max% Pred), maximum O₂ pulse (VO₂/HR_max), percentage of predicted maximum O₂ pulse (VO₂/HR_max%Pred), maximum relative O₂ pulse (VO₂/HR_max/kg),heart rate response (HRr), forced vital capacity (FVC), ratio of forced expiratory volume to vital capacity in 1 s (FEV1/FVC), percentage of predicted forced vital capacity (FVC% Pred), percentage of predicted forced expiratory volume ratio of 1 s (FEV1% Pred), peak expiratory flow rate (PEF), maximum exercise ventilation (VE_max), maximum voluntary ventilation (MVV) and other indicators during the CPET were collected. Single factor analysis of variance was used to compare the mean of each index between groups. Spearman correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between BMI and various indicators.

RESULTS: There was no statistical significance in gender composition, age, height, and exercise habit of the five groups of participants (P > 0.05). The body mass and BMI of the five groups had significant differences (P < 0.001). In terms of cardiopulmonary exercise capacity, there were statistical differences among the five groups in the overall distribution of VO_2AT (H = 37.370,P < 0.001), VO_2AT/kg (H = 34.747, P < 0.001), VO_2peak (H = 23.018,P< 0.001), VO_2peak/kg (H = 66.606, P < 0.001) and WR_max%Pred (H = 45.136, P < 0.001). There was no significant difference among the five groups in the overall distribution of VO_2AT%Pred, VO_2peak%Pred and WR_max. There were statistical significant difference among the five groups in HR_max (F = 2.443, P = 0.048), HR_max%Pred (F = 6.920, P < 0.001), VO₂/HR_max (F = 8.803, P < 0.001), VO₂/HR_max%Pred (F = 11.354, P < 0.001), VO2/HRmax/kg (F = 18.688, P < 0.001) and BR (F = 6.147, P < 0.001) and HRr (F = 9.467, P < 0.001). There were no significant differences among the five groups in RER_max (F = 0.336, P > 0.05). In terms of static pulmonary function, there were significant differences among the five groups in FVC%Pred (F = 4.577, P = 0.001), FEV1%Pred (F = 3.681, P = 0.006) and FEV1/FVC (F = 3.344, P = 0.011). There was no differences among the five groups in MVV(P> 0.05), and there were significant differences among the five groups in VE_max (P = 0.005) In terms of correlation analysis, BMI was positively correlated with VO_2AT,VO_2peak, VE_max and VO₂/HR_max, and negatively correlated with VO_2AT/kg, VO_2peak/kg,WR_max%Pred, HR_max%Pred, VO₂/HR_max%Pred, VO₂/HR_max/kg,BR and HRr. In terms of static pulmonary function, BMI was negatively correlated with FVC%Pred, FEV1%Pred.

CONCLUSION: With the aggravation of obesity, the maximum exercise ability of adults decreases, VO_2peak/kg and VO₂/HR_max%Pred decreases, and the breathing reserve decreases.

PMID:39902468 | PMC:PMC11788284 | DOI:10.3389/fphys.2024.1466153

Algorithms. 2025 Feb;18(2):62. doi: 10.3390/a18020062. Epub 2025 Jan 24.

ABSTRACT

The purpose of anomaly detection is to identify special data points or patterns that significantly deviate from the expected or typical behavior of the majority of the data, and it has a wide range of applications across various domains. Most existing statistical and machine learning-based anomaly detection algorithms face challenges when applied to high-dimensional data. For instance, the unconstrained least-squares importance fitting (uLSIF) method, a state-of-the-art anomaly detection approach, encounters the unboundedness problem under certain conditions. In this study, we propose a scaled Bregman divergence-based anomaly detection algorithm using both least absolute deviation and least-squares loss for parameter learning. This new algorithm effectively addresses the unboundedness problem, making it particularly suitable for high-dimensional data. The proposed technique was evaluated on both synthetic and real-world high-dimensional time series datasets, demonstrating its effectiveness in detecting anomalies. Its performance was also compared to other density ratio estimation-based anomaly detection methods.

PMID:39902466 | PMC:PMC11790285 | DOI:10.3390/a18020062

J Maxillofac Oral Surg. 2025 Feb;24(1):90-97. doi: 10.1007/s12663-024-02423-x. Epub 2024 Dec 20.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the extraoral volume, intraoral volume, and tongue posture in pre- and post-LF1 and B.S.S.O maxillomandibular surgery for skeletal Class III patients, and establish a correlation between them.

METHOD: A retrospective study that evaluated 8 pre- and post-maxillomandibular surgical CT records of patients fulfilling the inclusion criteria. Borders were demarcated for volumetric measurement. The volume assessment was carried out using Materialise Mimics version 12.0 software.

RESULTS: The mean difference in intraoral volume was 8476 ± 6099 mm³, which was statistically highly significant. The mean difference in extraoral volume was 15005 ± 13704 mm³, which was statistically significant. The mean difference in tongue posture was 2.31 ± 0.63 mm³, which was statistically very highly significant. A strong positive correlation is between the mean differences in tongue-to-palate distance and intraoral volume. A weak negative correlation is between the mean differences in extraoral and intraoral volume and pre- and post-operative maxillomandibular surgery.

CONCLUSION: There was a significant decrease in the extraoral, intraoral volume, and tongue-to-palate distance following maxillomandibular surgery in skeletal Class III patients.

PMID:39902453 | PMC:PMC11787138 | DOI:10.1007/s12663-024-02423-x

J Maxillofac Oral Surg. 2025 Feb;24(1):207-212. doi: 10.1007/s12663-024-02398-9. Epub 2024 Dec 11.

ABSTRACT

AIM: This study examines the levels of CD24 and CD44 expression in premalignant oral lesions (PMOL) and locally advanced oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) in order to improve the early detection of the disease. We utilized RT-PCR techniques to examine the expression of two cell membrane proteins, CD24 and CD44, in blood and tissue samples.

METHODS: A quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was performed to evaluate the expression patterns of CD24 and CD44 in blood and tissue samples obtained from individuals with PMOL (n = 20), OSCC (n = 20), and control subjects (n = 10). An independent t-test was utilized, revealing that CD24 demonstrated statistical significance with a p-value < 0.05. Fold change analysis had been performed to quantify the differences in expression between the two groups.

RESULTS: CD24 was found to be increased in both tissue and blood groups. CD44 expression was higher in the tissue group in contrast to the blood group. The results for CD24 were statistically significant, with a p-value < 0.05. The findings affirm the use of CD24 as a dependable biomarker for early detection and diagnosis of OSCC in both tissue and blood specimens.

CONCLUSION: In conjunction with histological characteristics and clinicopathological factors, CD24 serves as a dependable biomarker for the early diagnosis of OSCC.

PMID:39902448 | PMC:PMC11787126 | DOI:10.1007/s12663-024-02398-9

J Maxillofac Oral Surg. 2025 Feb;24(1):267-273. doi: 10.1007/s12663-024-02418-8. Epub 2024 Dec 29.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND/AIM: Mandibular nerve block provides good quality and long-lasting analgesia. In situations necessitating extraoral nerve-blocking procedures, clinicians may find it technically challenging to administer this block due to its uncertain surface landmarks or distorted anatomy. Peripheral nerve stimulator is a device used to electrically stimulate the peripheral and terminal branches of the nerve.

METHODS: This prospective interventional clinical study was carried out in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, SRM Kattankulathur Dental College And Hospital in patients requiring surgical extraction of mandibular third molar. Patients were divided into two groups: control group and test group based on computer-generated randomization. Control group patients underwent impaction procedure after conventional extraoral mandibular nerve block, while test group patients underwent impaction procedure after PNS-guided extraoral mandibular nerve block.

RESULTS: Statistical analysis was done and the mean length of anaesthesia between the two groups was compared using a paired t test, and the mean pain levels up to six hours were compared using a Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Out of 42 patients, 25 were male and 17 were female. The mean age was 28.36 years. The age range was 19-52 years. In both control and test groups, no patients had failure of anaesthesia, and no one complained of pain during the procedure; hence, no supplemental injections were given. Visual analogue scale score remained (score ≤ 2) up to 6 h for patients in test group.

CONCLUSION: Thus, using a peripheral nerve stimulator guarantees the success of the block. For patients undergoing third molar surgery, it is a reliable, secure, and safer option for administering extraoral mandibular nerve block. In the future, the use of this technique could extend to pain control during major procedures such as cleft lip and palate, orthognathic, tumour removal, and facial injuries too.

PMID:39902441 | PMC:PMC11787135 | DOI:10.1007/s12663-024-02418-8

J Maxillofac Oral Surg. 2025 Feb;24(1):258-266. doi: 10.1007/s12663-024-02243-z. Epub 2024 Jun 17.

ABSTRACT

AIM: To assess, compare and evaluate the better effectiveness of metronidazole compared to conventional therapy for dry socket through a meta-analysis.

METHODS: Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines were used and registered in PROSPERO-CRD42023440597. Electronic databases were searched until April 2023 for studies evaluating the effectiveness of metronidazole compared to placebo and other conventional therapy and evaluating outcome in terms of reduction of incidence of dry socket, swelling and impact on healing. Quality assessment was evaluated using Cochrane risk of bias (ROB)-2 tool for randomized controlled trials (RCT) through its domains using RevMan software version 5.3. The risk ratio (RR) was used as summary statistic measure with random effect model (p < 0.05).

RESULTS: Twelve studies were included in review and eleven studies for meta-analysis. Quality assessment revealed a moderate to low ROB. It was observed that pooled estimate favoured metronidazole in reducing dry socket incidence-RR – 0.57 (95% CI – 0.24-1.33), reduction in swelling with RR – 0.62 (95% CI 0.12-3.25) and a greater impact on healing with RR – 0.25 (95% CI 0.12-0.52) were seen. Metronidazole was found to be superior compared to the placebo or conventional therapy. Funnel plot did reveal the presence of heterogeneity indicating the presence of publication bias.

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Since, dry socket is the most common complication following third molar surgery, it is important for a clinician to take adequate precautions and consider regimes that can aid in reducing this incidence.

PMID:39902439 | PMC:PMC11787120 | DOI:10.1007/s12663-024-02243-z

J Maxillofac Oral Surg. 2025 Feb;24(1):286-292. doi: 10.1007/s12663-023-02107-y. Epub 2024 Jan 31.

ABSTRACT

AIM: The present study compared the efficacy of inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB) and local infiltration with 4% articaine combined with IANB using 2% lignocaine in mandibular third molar surgery.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: This in-vivo study analysed 90 patients undergoing third molar surgery, divided into three groups. The appropriate groups received 4% articaine hydrochloride with 1:100,000 epinephrine and 2% lignocaine hydrochloride with 1:100,000 epinephrine. Various parameters, including anaesthesia duration, onset, surgery duration, postoperative analgesia duration, and intra-operative pain, were assessed using the Heft-Parker VAS. The collected data was evaluated for statistical analysis.

RESULTS: In this study, articaine demonstrated a shorter onset of action and longer analgesia duration when compared to lidocaine. Articaine infiltration provided an average analgesia duration of 32.37 + 8.9 min during surgery, surpassing articaine IANB and lignocaine IANB. Although the duration of anaesthesia and postoperative anaesthesia showed no significant differences, articaine infiltration had a slightly longer duration of action. Intra-operative pain assessment revealed that 50% of individuals in the articaine IANB group reported no pain.

CONCLUSION: Articaine infiltrations are highly effective for anaesthesia in mandibular third molar extraction, surpassing other local anaesthetics. It is a superior alternative to regional nerve blocks in minor oral surgeries.

PMID:39902435 | PMC:PMC11787055 | DOI:10.1007/s12663-023-02107-y

Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2025 Feb 3:e31579. doi: 10.1002/pbc.31579. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Children treated for pediatric cancer are at risk for cognitive late effects, as well as impairments in sleep and physical activity. The aim of the present study was to examine the psychometric properties of clinical screening of child- and caregiver-reported cognitive functioning, sleep, and physical activity and the relationship between cognitive functioning and health behaviors within a pediatric oncology long-term follow-up clinic.

PROCEDURE: The study included a retrospective chart review of 99 caregivers and 80 children (8-17 years old) who completed the Conners Short Form (parent only) and PROMIS cognitive functioning, sleep-related impairment, sleep disturbance, and physical activity scales at the child’s annual long-term follow-up visit. Test statistics and T-tests were used to assess psychometrics of the PROMIS scales. Bivariate correlations were used to examine the relationship between cognitive function and health behaviors.

RESULTS: The child- and parent-report, short-version PROMIS cognitive functioning, sleep, and physical activity scales demonstrated high internal consistency and inter-rater reliability. High convergent validity was observed between PROMIS cognitive functioning and Conners Short Form. Caregiver- and child-reported cognitive functioning and health behaviors were significantly related (p ≤ 0.042).

CONCLUSIONS: The PROMIS short-version scales are reliable and valid measures for screening cognitive function and health behaviors in pediatric oncology long-term follow-up care. Further research examining the predictive validity and longitudinal utility of the PROMIS scales in survivors is warranted. There was a positive association between cognitive functioning and health behaviors in survivors, warranting further investigation to inform potential targets of intervention in long-term follow-up care.

PMID:39901311 | DOI:10.1002/pbc.31579