Tag: nevin manimala

Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi. 2024 Jul;49(13):3462-3472. doi: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20240414.104.

ABSTRACT

To comprehensively reveal and utilize the plant resources of Lycium in China, this study determined and compared the content of monosaccharides, polysaccharides, proteins, carotenoids, organic acids, and phenols in the dried fruits of 8 different Lycium species. Furthermore, the traits including the hundred-fruit weight, shape index, and the ratio of seed to fruit were measured, and the correlations between the content of chemical compounds and fruit traits were assessed. The results showed that L. truncatum, L. barbarum var. auranticarpum, and L. dasystemum var. rubricaulium were the species with high content of monosaccharides. L. barbarum and L. barbarum var. auranticarpum were the species with high content of total polysaccharides, and L. barbarum was the species with high content of carotenoids. L. yunnanense and L. chinense var. potaninii had high content of soluble proteins. L. truncatum, L. dasystemum, and L. barbarum showed high content of organic acids and phenols. L. barbarum and L. barbarum var. auranticarpum demonstrated high fruit weight, while L. yunnanense and L. chinense had high ratios of seed to fruit. The multivariate statistical analysis indicated that polysaccharides, carotenoids, hundred-fruit weight, ratio of seed to fruit, scopolamine, fructose, 5-O-feruloylquinic acid, kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside, scopoletin, cryptochlorogenic acid, and caffeic acid were the main differential compounds in the fruits among different species of Lycium. Moreover, the results of correlation ananysis showed strong correlations between fruit traits and compound content. Specifically, the hundred-fruit weight had positive correlations with the content of total polysaccharides and scopola-mine. The ratio of seed to fruit was negatively correlated with the content of rutin, kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside, fructose, and glucose and positively correlated with the content of succinic acid, soluble proteins, and zeaxanthin. The results implied that chemical compounds presented different distribution patterns in the fruits of 8 Lycium species. This study provides a basis for the comprehensive development and utilization, targeted breeding, and value-added application of Lycium plants.

PMID:39041118 | DOI:10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20240414.104

Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi. 2024 Jul;49(13):3409-3413. doi: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20240516.101.

ABSTRACT

This article outlined the composition and species characteristics of Chinese materia medica(CMM) resources identified in the fourth national survey of CMM resources. The survey was conducted based on field investigations and office collation, adhering to the "four principles", which emphasized the existence of survey records, voucher specimens, actual photographs, and evidence of medicinal use, so as to summarize the species of CMM resources and ensure the scientific integrity and accuracy of the results. According to the results, China had a total of 18 817 CMM resources, including 15 321 medicinal plants, 826 medicinal fungi, 2 517 medicinal animals, and 153 medicinal minerals. Additionally, the fourth national survey of CMM resources also conducted specialized investigations on 3 151 species of unique medicinal plants, 464 species of rare and endangered medicinal plants, and 196 new species in China. These latest statistics on these CMM resources will provide the most up-to-date foundational data for the protection, management, development, and utilization of these resources over an extended period, offering scientific guidance for the development of the traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) industry.

PMID:39041112 | DOI:10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20240516.101

Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi. 2024 Jun;49(12):3396-3403. doi: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20240306.501.

ABSTRACT

This study utilized a prospective, large-sample, multi-center, and registered key specialty approach of hospitals to monitor the application of Reduning Injection. A total of 100 249 adolescent patients aged 14 years and below who received Reduning Injection were monitored, resulting in 83 cases of adverse events, with 76 of them being classified as adverse drug reaction(ADR). The calculated incidence rate of ADR for Reduning Injection was 0.076%, indicating a very rare ADR. The main symptoms of ADR were pruritus, diarrhea, abdominal pain, vomiting, high fever, dyspnea, convulsion, and chills. All ADR cases were reported for the first time, including three new ADR cases and 73 known ADR cases. The categories of ADR was general ADR. All ADR was mild in severity. There were more males than females in ADR patients. One patient had a history of ADR, and the drug causing ADR was buprofen. The largest number of ADR cases occurred when the dosage of Reduning injection was 5-10 mL. The dropping speed was 30 drops or less per min, and the solvent type was 5% glucose injection. The most common manifestation of ADR patients was pruritus, followed by diarrhea, abdominal pain, vomiting, high fever, dyspnea, convulsions, and chills. 72 patients(94.74% of ADR patients) discontinued the drug, and three patients(3.95% of ADR patients) were given oxygen inhalation. 47 cases(61.84% of ADR patients) were treated with medication, of which dexamethasone was the most used(24 cases, 46.15% of ADR patients). 76 ADR patients were cured or improved. ADRs are more likely to occur when diagnosed with acute bronchitis by western medicine and cough by traditional Chinese medicine(TCM), TCM syndrome type is wind heat syndrome, and the combination medicine is ambroxol hydrochloride and bromhexine hydrochloride injection, ascorbic acid/vitamin C injection. This result provides an evidence-based safety basis for active pharmacovigilance of Reduning Injection in adolescents aged 14 years and below.

PMID:39041103 | DOI:10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20240306.501

Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi. 2024 Jun;49(12):3385-3395. doi: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20240219.501.

ABSTRACT

The efficacy and safety of Shenshao Capsules in combination with conventional western medicine for the treatment of angina pectoris in coronary heart disease were systematically evaluated. Computer search of seven databases, including CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, SinoMed, PubMed, EMbase, and Cochrane Library, was conducted to identify randomized controlled trial(RCT) on Shenshao Capsules for the treatment of angina pectoris in coronary heart disease up to December 2023. According to inclusion and exclusion criteria, articles were screened, and data was extracted. Cochrane bias risk assessment tool 2.0(RoB 2.0) was used to evaluate the quality of the included articles. Meta-analysis was performed by RevMan 5.4 and Stata/SE 15.1 software, and evidence quality was rated by the GRADE system. TSA 0.9.5.10 beta software was used for the trial sequential analysis(TSA). Twelve RCTs, with a total of 1 128 participants(567 in the experimental group and 561 in the control group), were included. Meta-analysis showed that Shenshao Capsules + conventional western medicine significantly improved clinical efficacy(RR=1.20, 95%CI[1.15, 1.26], P<0.000 01) and electrocardiogram efficacy(RR=1.16, 95%CI[1.04, 1.30], P=0.01), reduced the frequency of weekly angina pectoris attacks(MD=-2.85, 95%CI[-5.27,-0.43], P=0.02), daily angina pectoris attacks(MD=-0.30, 95%CI[-0.57,-0.03], P=0.03) and the duration of angina pectoris attacks(RR=-2.28, 95%CI[-3.44,-1.12], P=0.000 1). There was no statistically significant difference in adverse reactions between the two groups(RR=1.33, 95%CI[0.71, 2.51], P=0.37). TSA indicated that the cumulative evidence for clinical efficacy exceeded the traditional boundary but did not exceed the TSA boundary, suggesting a potential false positive result. According to GRADE assessment, except for clinical efficacy, which was rated as low-quality evidence, the remaining outcomes were rated as very low-quality evidence. The results indicate that Shenshao Capsules + conventional western medicine may have certain advantages in improving clinical efficacy and electrocardiographic efficacy, reducing the frequency and duration of angina pectoris attacks. However, due to the limitations of this study, more rigorous and high-quality RCT is needed to validate its efficacy and safety.

PMID:39041102 | DOI:10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20240219.501

Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi. 2024 Jun;49(12):3312-3319. doi: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20231220.401.

ABSTRACT

Urine metabolomics based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry(UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS) was utilized to investigate the metabolic regulation mechanism of Tingli Dazao Xiefei Decoction(TLDZ) in rats with allergic asthma. SD male rats were divided into a normal group, a model group, a dexamethasone group, and a TLDZ group. The allergic asthma model was established by intraperitoneal injection of ovalbumin(OVA) to induce allergy, combined with atomization excitation. Urine metabolites from all rats were collected by UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS. The metabolic profiles of rats in each group were built by principal component analysis(PCA). Besides, the differential metabolites between the model group and the TLDZ group were selected by orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis(OPLS-DA), t-test(P<0.05), and variable importance in the projection(VIP) values of more than 3. The differential metabolites were identified through HMDB, METLIN, and other online databa-ses. Heat maps and clustering analysis for relative quantitative information of biomarkers in each group were drawn by MeV 4.8.0 software. Finally, MetaboAnalyst, MBRole, and KEGG databases were used to enrich related metabolic pathways and construct metabolic networks. The result demonstrated that TLDZ could effectively regulate the disordered urine metabolic profiles of asthmatic rats. Combined with multivariate statistical analysis and online databases, a total of 45 differential metabolites with significant changes(P<0.05) between the model group and the TLDZ group were screened out. Metabolic pathways including histidine metabolism, tryptophan metabolism, and arginine and proline metabolism were enriched. TLDZ could improve asthma by regulating related metabolic pathways and interfering with pathological processes such as immune homeostasis airway inflammation. The study investigates the molecular mechanism of anti-asthma of TLDZ from the perspective of urine metabolomics, and combined with previous pharmacological studies, it provides a scientific basis for the clinical development and application of TLDZ in the treatment of asthma.

PMID:39041094 | DOI:10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20231220.401

Clin Mol Hepatol. 2024 Jul 23. doi: 10.3350/cmh.2024.0333. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Combination immunotherapy, exemplified by atezolizumab plus bevacizumab, has become the standard of care for inoperable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the lack of predictive biomarkers and limited understanding of response mechanisms remain a challenge.

METHODS: Using data from the IMbrave150plus cohort, we applied an immune signature score (ISS) predictor to stratify HCC patients treated with atezolizumab plus bevacizumab or with sorafenib alone into potential high and low response groups. By applying multiple statistical approaches including a Bayesian covariate prediction algorithm, we refined the signature to 10 key genes (ISS10) for clinical use while maintaining similar predictive power to the full model. We further validated ISS10 in an independent HCC cohort treated with nivolumab plus ipilimumab.

RESULTS: The study identified a significant association between the ISS and treatment response. Among patients classified as high responders, those treated with the atezolizumab plus bevacizumab combination exhibited improved overall and progression-free survival as well as better objective response rate compared to those treated with sorafenib. We also observed a significant correlation between ISS10 and response to nivolumab plus ipilimumab treatment. Analysis of immune cell subpopulations revealed distinct characteristics associated with ISS subtypes. In particular, the ISS10 high subtype displayed a more favorable immune environment with higher proportions of anti-tumor macrophages and activated T-cells, potentially explaining its better response.

CONCLUSIONS: Our study suggests that ISS and ISS10 are promising predictive biomarkers for enhanced therapeutic outcomes in HCC patients undergoing combination immunotherapy. These markers are crucial for refining patient stratification and personalized treatment approaches to advance the effectiveness of standard-of-care regimens.

PMID:39038962 | DOI:10.3350/cmh.2024.0333

AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2024 Jul 22:ajnr.A8424. doi: 10.3174/ajnr.A8424. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Accelerated and blood-suppressed post-contrast 3D intracranial vessel wall MRI (IVW) enables high-resolution rapid scanning but is associated with low SNR. We hypothesized that a deep-learning (DL) denoising algorithm applied to accelerated, blood-suppressed post-contrast IVW can yield high-quality images with reduced artifacts and higher SNR in shorter scan times.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty-four consecutive patients underwent IVW, including conventional post-contrast 3D T1-sampling perfection with application-optimized contrasts by using different flip angle evolution (SPACE) and delay-alternating with nutation for tailored excitation (DANTE) blood-suppressed and CAIPIRINHIA-accelerated (CAIPI) 3D T1-weighted TSE post-contrast sequences (DANTE-CAIPI-SPACE). DANTE-CAIPI-SPACE acquisitions were then denoised using an unrolled deep convolutional network (DANTECAIPI-SPACE+DL). SPACE, DANTE-CAIPI-SPACE, and DANTE-CAIPI-SPACE+DL images were compared for overall image quality, SNR, severity of artifacts, arterial and venous suppression, and lesion assessment using 4-point or 5-point Likert scales. Quantitative evaluation of SNR and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) was performed.

RESULTS: DANTE-CAIPI-SPACE+DL showed significantly reduced arterial (1 [1-1.75] vs. 3 [3-4], p<0.001) and venous flow artifacts (1 [1-2] vs. 3 [3-4], p<0.001) compared to SPACE. There was no significant difference between DANTE-CAIPI-SPACE+DL and SPACE in terms of image quality, SNR, artifact ratings and lesion assessment. For SNR ratings, DANTE-CAIPI-SPACE+DL was significantly better compared to DANTE-CAIPI-SPACE (2 [1-2], vs. 3 [2-3], p<0.001). No statistically significant differences were found between DANTECAIPI-SPACE and DANTE-CAIPI-SPACE+DL for image quality, artifact, arterial blood and venous blood flow artifacts, and lesion assessment. Quantitative vessel wall SNR and CNR median values were significantly higher for DANTE-CAIPI-SPACE+DL (SNR: 9.71, CNR: 4.24) compared to DANTE-CAIPI-SPACE (SNR: 5.50, CNR: 2.64), (p<0.001 for each), but there was no significant difference between SPACE (SNR: 10.82, CNR: 5.21) and DANTE-CAIPI-SPACE+DL.

CONCLUSIONS: Deep-learning denoised post-contrast T1-weighted DANTE-CAIPI-SPACE accelerated and blood-suppressed IVW showed improved flow suppression with a shorter scan time and equivalent qualitative and quantitative SNR measures relative to conventional post-contrast IVW. It also improved SNR metrics relative to post-contrast DANTE-CAIPI-SPACE IVW. Implementing deep-learning denoised DANTE-CAIPI-SPACE IVW has the potential to shorten protocol time while maintaining or improving the image quality of IVW.

ABBREVIATIONS: DL=deep learning; IVW=Intracranial vessel wall MRI; SPACE=sampling perfection with application-optimized contrasts by using different flip angle evolution; DANTE=delay-alternating with nutation for tailored excitation; CAIPI=controlled aliasing in parallel imaging; CNR=contrast-to-noise ratio.

PMID:39038956 | DOI:10.3174/ajnr.A8424

Inj Prev. 2024 Jul 22:ip-2024-045257. doi: 10.1136/ip-2024-045257. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: There has been extensive debate in the USA as to how laws regulating the carrying of concealed firearms affect crime and public safety. This study examines whether US state laws making it easier for civilians to obtain permits to carry concealed handguns in public increase defensive gun uses against violent threats and attacks in public.

METHODS: We used National Crime Victimization Survey data from 39 metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs) in the USA over a 19-year period (1986-2004) to examine whether laws making it easier for civilians to obtain concealed carry permits are linked to higher levels of defensive gun use against violence in public spaces of metropolitan areas. Bivariate χ² tests and multivariate logistic regression models (controlling for actor and situational characteristics) were used with 7196 public incidents to examine whether the likelihood of the victim using a gun against an attacker(s) varied based on the type of concealed carry law in the MSA at the time of the incident.

RESULTS: The prevalence of self-defensive gun use in this sample was not clearly related to the passage of permissive gun carrying laws. Although defensive gun use was more common in MSAs with permissive gun carrying laws, this difference was not consistently related in magnitude or statistical significance to the passage of those laws or the length of time they had been in effect.

CONCLUSIONS: Permissive concealed carry permit laws do not produce evident increases in self-defensive gun uses against crime in public locations.

PMID:39038941 | DOI:10.1136/ip-2024-045257

Inj Prev. 2024 Jul 22:ip-2023-045019. doi: 10.1136/ip-2023-045019. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Drunk driving is a major cause of road traffic injuries and deaths in Latin America. We evaluated the impact of a drunk driving intervention in Leon, Mexico on road traffic safety.

METHODS: The intervention included increased drunk driving penalties, enhanced sobriety checkpoints and a young adult-focused mass media campaign, beginning 19 December 2018. We created a synthetic control Leon from 12 Mexican municipalities from a pool of 87 based on similarity to Leon using key predictors from 2015 to 2019. We assessed the effect of the intervention on road traffic collisions overall and collisions with injuries, deaths and involving alcohol, using data from police, insurance claims and vital registration.

RESULTS: As compared with the synthetic control, Leon experienced significant postintervention lower police-reported total collision rate (17%) and injury collisions (33%). Alcohol-involved collisions were 38% lower than the synthetic control. Fatal collisions reported by police were 28% lower while vital registration road traffic deaths were 12% lower, though these declines were not statistically significant. We found no impact on insurance collision claims. There was heterogeneity in these changes over the evaluation year, with stronger initial effects and weaker effects by the end of the year.

CONCLUSIONS: Drunk driving policies in Leon led to fewer traffic collisions and injuries during the first year of implementation, with a weakening of this effect over time, similar to interventions in high-income settings and other Latin American countries. Supporting the expansion of similar policies to other cities in the region could improve road safety.

PMID:39038940 | DOI:10.1136/ip-2023-045019

J Immunother Cancer. 2024 Jul 22;12(7):e009278. doi: 10.1136/jitc-2024-009278.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Addition of neoadjuvant immune checkpoint inhibition to standard-of-care interventions for locally advanced oral cancer could improve clinical outcome.

METHODS: In this study, 16 evaluable patients with stage III/IV oral cancer were treated with one dose of 480 mg nivolumab 3 weeks prior to surgery. Primary objectives were safety, feasibility, and suitability of programmed death receptor ligand-1 positron emission tomography (PD-L1 PET) as a biomarker for response. Imaging included ¹⁸F-BMS-986192 (PD-L1) PET and ¹⁸F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET before and after nivolumab treatment. Secondary objectives included clinical and pathological response, and immune profiling of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) for response prediction. Baseline tumor biopsies and postnivolumab resection specimens were evaluated by histopathology.

RESULTS: Grade III or higher adverse events were not observed and treatment was not delayed in relation to nivolumab administration and other study procedures. Six patients (38%) had a pathological response, of whom three (19%) had a major (≥90%) pathological response (MPR). Tumor PD-L1 PET uptake (quantified using standard uptake value) was not statistically different in patients with or without MPR (median 5.3 vs 3.4). All major responders showed a significantly postnivolumab decreased signal on FDG PET. PBMC immune phenotyping showed higher levels of CD8⁺ T cell activation in MPR patients, evidenced by higher baseline expression levels of PD-1, TIGIT, IFNγ and lower levels of PD-L1.

CONCLUSION: Together these data support that neoadjuvant treatment of advanced-stage oral cancers with nivolumab was safe and induced an MPR in a promising 19% of patients. Response was associated with decreased FDG PET uptake as well as activation status of peripheral T cell populations.

PMID:39038919 | DOI:10.1136/jitc-2024-009278