Tag: nevin manimala

RSC Adv. 2024 Nov 21;14(50):37286-37298. doi: 10.1039/d4ra03069a. eCollection 2024 Nov 19.

ABSTRACT

Breast cancer is the fifth major cause of fatalities associated with cancer worldwide and in Pakistan, 34 066 female breast cancer cases were recorded in 2018. This study was designed to understand extracts of Cheiranthus cheiri (C. cheiri) and to evaluate the epigenetic modulation of microRNA expression for breast cancer therapy using a selected phyto-nanohybrid treatment. The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of potential phytochemicals and antioxidant scavenging activity in the C. cheiri extracts with a DPPH (2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydroxyl) assay giving an IC₅₀ value of 20.63 μg mL^-1. GC-MS (gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy) analysis of the C. cheiri n-hexane extract detected 42 phytocompounds. Titanium oxide (TiO₂) nanoparticles were synthesized and characterized using XRD (X-ray diffraction), SEM (scanning electron microscopy) and EDX (energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry) to confirm the synthesis of anatase (tetragonal) TiO₂. The prepared nanoparticles were conjugated with the selected plant i.e., C. cheiri. The resulting phyto-nanohybrid was used for the subsequent treatment of breast cancer induced in a female rat model. The treatment groups were as follows: doxorubicin as the standard treatment, C. cheiri, TiO₂ and the phyto-nano hybrid treatment. After 8 weeks of treatment, the groups induced to exhibit breast cancer (with and without treatment) and the control groups were dissected and analysed for histopathological, haematological and microRNA expression. Histopathological examination revealed chronic inflammation in the dilated ducts and tumour embolus formation, thus confirming the presence of breast cancer in the DMBA-induced female rat model. MicroRNA expression analysis showed a statistically significant decrease in levels of miR-205 in the plasma of the breast cancer rat model compared to the control (p < 0.05). After treatment with the phyto-nano hybrid, a statistically significant increase in the expression of miR-205 was observed in the rat models induced to exhibit breast cancer compared to the rat model without any treatment (p < 0.05). The downregulation of miR-205 in the plasma of the breast cancer exhibiting model, as compared to the control, and its upregulation after treatment with the selected phyto-nano hybrid indicated its diagnostic and prognostic significance. It is concluded that the phyto-nano hybrid used in this study is effective against breast cancer induced female rat model. All the results support the finding that the selected phyto-nano hybrid has great potential as a possible therapeutic agent for the treatment of breast cancer.

PMID:39575377 | PMC:PMC11580155 | DOI:10.1039/d4ra03069a

Cureus. 2024 Nov 19;16(11):e74049. doi: 10.7759/cureus.74049. eCollection 2024 Nov.

ABSTRACT

The optimal duration of antibiotic prophylaxis for patients undergoing primary hip or knee arthroplasty remains debated. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to compare the outcomes of single-dose versus extended antibiotic prophylaxis. Studies assessing these strategies for periprosthetic joint infection (PJI), revision surgery, and superficial surgical site infections were selected from systematic searches in PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library. Results were synthesized using random-effects meta-analysis models. Nine studies were included, covering 295,654 patients – 125,489 undergoing total knee arthroplasty and 172,055 undergoing total hip arthroplasty. A significant statistical difference in the incidence of PJI favored single-dose over extended antibiotic prophylaxis (OR 0.78; 95% CI 0.63-0.98; I² = 0%). Our meta-analysis suggests that a single-dose prophylactic antibiotic regimen may be preferable for reducing PJI incidence in primary total hip and knee arthroplasty.

PMID:39575360 | PMC:PMC11580755 | DOI:10.7759/cureus.74049

Endocr Regul. 2024 Nov 21;58(1):220-224. doi: 10.2478/enr-2024-0026. Print 2024 Jan 1.

ABSTRACT

Objective. The objective of the study was to determine if there would be statistically significant differences or trends among apolipoprotein E genotypes in the responsiveness of members of a cluster of seven measures in older persons with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) consuming flaxseed lignan complex (FLC). The cluster of seven are abdominal obesity, hypertension, platelet hyperaggregability, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia (decreased plasma levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLc), and increased plasma levels of triglycerides), increased low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation and increased inflammation. All cluster members exacerbate T2DM. Methods. Sixteen patients with well-controlled T2DM participated in this double-blind randomized, placebo-controlled crossover study consisting of four visits. Apolipoprotein E genotyping was done at visit one. The cluster of seven, diet, exercise, smoking and medication use were assessed at each visit. Results. The 3/4 genotype showed a stronger downward trend in systolic blood pressure compared to the 3/3 genotype with no trend or significant difference in the 2/4 genotype. There was a downward trend in diastolic blood pressure in genotype 3/3 compared genotype 2/4, which showed no significant difference or trend. Only genotype 3/4 showed a significant drop in diastolic pressure compared to genotypes 2/4 and 3/3. HDLc only showed a downward trend in 3/4 relative to genotypes 2/4 and 3/3. LDL apolipoprotein B oxidation (LDL-Box) only showed an upward trend in 3/3 compared to genotypes 2/4 and 3/4. There were no other significant differences or trends by genotype in the cluster of seven. Conclusions. It appears that those with the 2/4 genotype may not benefit from FLC, those with 3/3 and 3/4 genotypes may benefit only in terms of systolic and diastolic pressures, those with the apo E 3/4 genotype should perhaps avoid FLC to manage HDLc, and those with the 3/3 genotype should perhaps avoid FLC to manage LDL apolipoprotein B oxidation.

PMID:39572875 | DOI:10.2478/enr-2024-0026

Endocr Regul. 2024 Nov 21;58(1):225-232. doi: 10.2478/enr-2024-0027. Print 2024 Jan 1.

ABSTRACT

Objective. Reduced calciferol (vitamin D) levels in pregnant women have been associated with an increased risk to infant health. Progesterone sustains pregnancy and reduces the risk of premature birth through its metabolites affecting myometrial contractility. Sex hormone-binding globulin protein (SHBG) is a biomarker of premature birth. The present study aimed to find out if early pregnancy levels of vitamin D, SHBG, and progesterone metabolites may predict preterm birth risk. Methods. Five hundred pregnant women aged 18-43 years during their 2nd and 3rd trimesters from multiple civilian regional medical centers in Lahore participated in the study. Blood samples taken from participants were used to determine vitamin D, SHBG, 11-deoxycorticosterone (DOC), and 16α-hydroxyprogesterone (16α-OHP) levels using specific ELISA kits. Statistical analysis was performed by one-way ANOVA using the latest GraphPad Prism software. Results. A significant decrease in vitamin D, DOC, and SHBG levels (p<0.001, p<0.001, and p<0.05, respectively) in the preterm birth cohorts in the 2nd and 3rd trimester was found compared to the corresponding control groups. Furthermore, 16α-OHP levels in the preterm birth cohorts in the 2nd and 3rd trimesters were significantly increased (p<0.001 and p=0.0062, respectively) compared to their control cohorts. Conclusion. The results of our study confirm that calciferol deficiency in pregnant women is associated with an increased risk of premature birth and indicate that SHBG and progesterone metabolites may be useful biomarkers for the early identification and prediction of preterm birth.

PMID:39572873 | DOI:10.2478/enr-2024-0027

Clin Oral Implants Res. 2024 Nov 21. doi: 10.1111/clr.14382. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the reliability and time efficiency of the conventional compared to the automatic artificial intelligence (AI) segmentation of the mandibular canal and registration of the CBCT with the model scan data, in relation to clinician’s experience.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty clinicians, 10 with a moderate and 10 with a high experience in computer-assisted implant planning, were asked to perform a bilateral localization of the mandibular canal, followed by a registration of the intraoral model scan with the CBCT. Subsequently, for each data set and each participant, the same operations were performed utilizing the AI tool. Statistical significance was assessed via a mixed model (using the PROC MIXED statement and the compound symmetry covariance structure).

RESULTS: The mean time for the segmentation of the mandibular canals and the registration of the models was 4.75 (2.03)min for the manual and 2.03 (0.36) min for the AI-automated operations (p < 0.001). The mean discrepancy in the mandibular canals was 0.71 (1.80) mm RMS error for the manual segmentation and 0.68 (0.36) RMS error for the AI-assisted segmentation (p > 0.05). For the registration between the CBCT and the intraoral scans, the mean discrepancy was 0.45 (0.16) mm for the manual and 0.37 (0.07) mm for the AI-assisted superimposition (p > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS: AI-automated implant planning tools are feasible options that can lead to a similar or better accuracy compared to the conventional manual workflow, providing improved time efficiency for both experienced and less experienced users. Further research including a variety of software and data sets is required to be able to generalize the outcomes of the present study.

PMID:39572789 | DOI:10.1111/clr.14382

Int J Obes (Lond). 2024 Nov 21. doi: 10.1038/s41366-024-01687-0. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUNDS: The association between weight change in patients with diabetes, and the development of infective endocarditis (IE) has never been studied. Therefore, we evaluated the associations of weight changes in patients with diabetes with the development of IE.

METHODS: In this Korean population-based cohort study, we included patients with diabetes aged ≥20 years who underwent health screenings twice in a 2-year interval between 2009 and 2012. Patients were categorized into five groups according to the degree of weight change between the two health screenings and were followed up until December 2018. A patient with a weight change of ≤-10% was designated to the severe weight loss group, -10 to ≤-5% to the moderate weight loss group, -5 to ≤5% to the stable weight group, 5 to ≤10% to the moderate weight gain group, and ≥10% to the severe weight gain group. The primary outcome was the incidence of IE.

RESULTS: A total of 1,762,108 patients with diabetes were included. There were 67,580 (3.9%) individuals with severe weight loss, 247,969 (14.1%) with moderate weight loss, 1,267,849 (72.0%) with stable weight, 135,774 (7.7%) with moderate weight gain, 42,936 (2.4%) with severe weight gain. During the follow-up (median, 5.21 years), 828 cases of IE occurred. After adjusting for covariates, both weight loss (HR: 2.41, 95% CI: 1.87-3.12 for the severe weight loss group; HR: 1.28, 95% CI: 1.05-1.55 for the moderate weight loss group) and weight gain (HR: 1.17, 95% CI: 0.91-1.50 for the moderate weight gain group; HR: 1.59, 95% CI: 1.11-2.28 for the severe weight gain group) were associated with an increased risk of IE compared to those for the stable weight group.

CONCLUSION: Both weight gain and weight loss are associated with an increased incidence of IE, and the greater the degree of weight change, the greater the risk.

PMID:39572764 | DOI:10.1038/s41366-024-01687-0

Sci Rep. 2024 Nov 21;14(1):28916. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-80427-w.

ABSTRACT

Lack of health knowledge can be a main cause of barriers to early diagnosis and treatment, and it can also highlight the deficiencies in health education. Therefore, it is essential to understand the health knowledge needs of individuals and the related influencing factors in order to improve health education models. A total of 935 administrative staff (AS) were selected as study participants by convenience sampling in Yuxi City, China. An electronic questionnaire, comprising four parts-Health Knowledge Needs, Sociodemographic Characteristics, Health Psychology and Behavior, and Self-Reported Medical History-were used to collect data. Statistical analysis was conducted using an internal consistency test, Kruskal-Wallis test, principal component analysis, hierarchical clustering analysis, and binary logistic regression analysis, performed with SPSS version 19.0. The Health Knowledge Needs Questionnaire had a Cronbach’s α of 0.883 and a Guttman Split-Half coefficient of 0.907. The need rates for health knowledge exceeding 30% are as follows: Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hypertension, Weight Management, Dietary Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hyperlipidemia, Gastrointestinal Diseases, Heart Diseases, and First Aid. Health knowledge needs were summarized into six dimensions: “Diseases with Low Health Knowledge Needs”, “Maternal and Child Health Care and Thyroid Diseases”, “Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases and Malignancies”, “Health Preservation and First Aid”, “The Four Highs Syndrome”, and “Respiratory and Digestive Diseases”. Gender, self-rated economic pressure, family size, and self-reported number of diseases were identified as influencing factors of health knowledge needs (P < 0.05). Thus, precision health education should be conducted according to the health knowledge needs of the target group, and various health knowledge topics should be organically integrated into modular health education to improve its efficiency.

PMID:39572757 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-024-80427-w

NPJ Digit Med. 2024 Nov 21;7(1):334. doi: 10.1038/s41746-024-01275-6.

ABSTRACT

A fundamental goal of evaluating the performance of a clinical model is to ensure it performs well across a diverse intended patient population. A primary challenge is that the data used in model development and testing often consist of many overlapping, heterogeneous patient subgroups that may not be explicitly defined or labeled. While a model’s average performance on a dataset may be high, the model can have significantly lower performance for certain subgroups, which may be hard to detect. We describe an algorithmic framework for identifying subgroups with potential performance disparities (AFISP), which produces a set of interpretable phenotypes corresponding to subgroups for which the model’s performance may be relatively lower. This could allow model evaluators, including developers and users, to identify possible failure modes prior to wide-scale deployment. We illustrate the application of AFISP by applying it to a patient deterioration model to detect significant subgroup performance disparities, and show that AFISP is significantly more scalable than existing algorithmic approaches.

PMID:39572755 | DOI:10.1038/s41746-024-01275-6

Sci Rep. 2024 Nov 21;14(1):28895. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-80081-2.

ABSTRACT

Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is effective treatment for Barrett’s esophagus (BE). Product of successful RFA is neosquamous epithelium (NSE), which resembles native squamous epithelium and has lower risk for neoplastic transformation. Dilated intercellular spaces (IS) are common microscopic feature of reflux induced injury of esophagus. The aim of this study was to analyze the ultrastructure of NSE by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), depending on the post RFA treatment modalities and to asses impact of these findings on BE recurrence. Prospective observational clinical study based on TEM analysis of biopsy of specimens obtained from patients in whom CE of BE was achieved minimum 6 months after the last RFA session. In each patient biopsies were taken from NSE and proximal esophagus. Two groups of patients were defined according to the post RFA treatment: proton pump inhibitors (PPI’s) or laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication (LNF). Comparative analysis of IS length was made between two groups. Endoscopic surveillance with biopsies was conducted for 5 years. Overall 22 patients with CE of BE after RFA underwent complete study protocol, out of whom in 10 LNF was performed, while 12 were treated with PPI’s. The mean values of IS length in the proximal esophagus and NSE in LNF group were 0.378 ± 0.116 µm and 0.878 ± 0.354, while in PPI’s group 0.724 ± 0.325 µm and 1.228 ± 0.226 µm, respectively. Mean lenghts of IS were statistically significantly higher in PPI’s group both in NSE (p = 0.032) and proximal esophagus (p = 0.009). There were 5 BE recurrences after 5 years surveillance, 4 in PPI group and 1 in LNF group, without statistical significance (p = 0.084). Dilated IS are commonly presented in NSE of patients with CE of BE with RFA who are treated with PPI’s. LNF provides may offer better reflux protection of NSE than PPI’s and may reduce the rates of recurrence after successful RFA treatment.

PMID:39572749 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-024-80081-2

Sci Rep. 2024 Nov 21;14(1):28852. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-79895-x.

ABSTRACT

Understanding the dynamics of movements between different demographic events is essential for informing effective population management strategies. This study aims to characterize the trajectories of demographic and other vital events within the Nairobi Urban Health and Demographic Surveillance System (NUHDSS). Thus, it intends to unravel patterns and trends that can guide the development of targeted policies and interventions to address the population’s evolving needs. Using a continuous-time homogeneous multi-state Markov model, longitudinal data from 223,350 individuals in Korogocho and Viwandani urban slums, we study the enumeration, births, deaths, and migrations among urban poor in Nairobi, shedding light on population dynamics and movements over time, disaggregated by gender. Findings indicate a positive net migration in population per thousand in 2002, dropping in 2004, with Viwandani consistently showing higher birth rates than Korogocho. Males generally have higher death rates than females. Females from Viwandani are 39.0% more likely to exit after enumeration compared to Korogocho, while males are 35.6% more likely to move from enumeration to exit compared to males from Korogocho. Both genders from Viwandani have a decreased likelihood of moving from birth to death compared to Korogocho. Our findings provide unique insights into migration in urban Kenya, the frequency and movement to different demographic events and any gender differences that warrant strategic policies for effective population and health planning in Africa. These findings can inform the design of effective health interventions that are often affected by migration and population growth.

PMID:39572746 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-024-79895-x