Tag: nevin manimala

Nurse Educ Today. 2024 Nov 19;145:106499. doi: 10.1016/j.nedt.2024.106499. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The nursing profession has experienced a growing influx of international nursing students pursuing nursing degrees in the current era. Predicting and controlling culture shock among this special group is a critical issue as it shapes their academic engagement. Building resilience capabilities among this set of students is a pivotal necessity to buffer the effect of culture shock on their academic engagement.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the relationship between culture shock and academic engagement among international nursing students, and investigate the moderating effect of resilience on this relationship.

DESIGN: Cross-sectional correlational study.

SETTING: Three faculties of nursing at Egypt.

PARTICIPANTS: A total of 252 international nursing students were assessed for eligibility. Twelve students were excluded, and out of the 240 respondents to the survey, 233 responses were valid and were ultimately analyzed.

METHODS: A hand-delivered anonymous questionnaire in Arabic and English that consisted of four parts was used to collect the data. It included students’ characteristics and relevant data, the culture shock questionnaire, the academic resilience scale, and the university student engagement inventory. The data collection spans from the beginning of November 2023 to the end of December 2023. Descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and linear regression were employed via SPSS and Process Macro to test the hypothetical relationships among the study variables.

RESULTS: There was a significant negative correlation between culture shock and the academic engagement of international nursing students. Culture shock and resilience are powerful predictors of their academic engagement. The moderating effect of resilience on the relationship between culture shock and the academic engagement of international nursing students was statistically significant, making it less negative.

CONCLUSION: Culture shock is an inevitable phenomenon among international nursing students and has a negative effect on their academic engagement and performance. This negative effect could be buffered by maximizing the resilience capabilities of this set of students.

PMID:39577017 | DOI:10.1016/j.nedt.2024.106499

Rev Med Inst Mex Seguro Soc. 2024 Sep 2;62(5):1-11. doi: 10.5281/zenodo.12668072.

ABSTRACT

Health systems require instruments that allow the generation of real, concrete, specific and objective information that can be named, classified, shared and compared internationally. Nowadays, this premise is possible, thanks to the specific and particular characteristics of information technologies needs in health, the speed in the generation of knowledge, the technological changes in telecommunications and its current development. However, there are areas of opportunity in information systems that make difficult this paradigm. Many of these areas are in the hands of health professionals themselves, who work directly with primary sources of information. Given this panorama, by applying an awareness and measurement tool, we can contribute to identifying areas of opportunity in order to favor the adequate recording of information, mainly hospital discharges, which has an impact on the biased and incorrect generation of morbidity statistics and hospital mortality, the diversion of financial, human, and material resources and, of course, the impossibility of implementing hospital management tools such as diagnostic related groups (DRG). It is interesting that in order for certain areas of opportunity to occur, in this case those related to the clinical record, it is investigated the feeling that each worker has about the work environment in their organization, that is to say, about the work environment, if they feel taken into account, trained, fed back, valued and part of the positive change in their work environment so that they feel motivated to do their work in accordance with regulations.

PMID:39577016 | DOI:10.5281/zenodo.12668072

Rev Med Inst Mex Seguro Soc. 2024 Sep 2;62(5):1-9. doi: 10.5281/zenodo.12668066.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Gender-based violence (GBV) is a widely underestimated issue in middle-income countries. Despite the fact that there is documented evidence of its existence, it is unknown the frequency and perception of GBV in primary care. Understanding this is crucial for the development of intervention strategies that can mitigate the impact of GBV in these communities.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the frequency and perception of GBV in women attending a primary care clinic in the North of Mexico.

MATERIAL AND METHODS: A descriptive, observational, and cross-sectional survey study was conducted on female adults, beneficiaries from a family medical unit. Demographic data were collected, and the VIDOFyP questionnaire (Domestic Violence: Frequency and Perception Inventory) was used to assess the frequency and perception of GBV in different domains. Results were compared according to demographic variables, using the JASP software.

RESULTS: A total of 385 women with an average age of 44.2 years were surveyed. Social violence was the most common, followed by psychological and economic violence. The perception of severity was highest for physical violence. Significant differences in the perception of violence were found based on marital status, with separated women reporting higher levels in various domains.

CONCLUSIONS: GBV must be addressed in different domains, especially in separation contexts. The results provide valuable information for developing interventions and policies aimed at preventing and supporting women in vulnerable situations.

PMID:39577010 | DOI:10.5281/zenodo.12668066

R I Med J (2013). 2024 Dec 2;107(12):30-35.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ+) communities experience significant health disparities related to sexual health, including sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Improved access to culturally congruent primary care and sexual health services, including HIV/STI prevention and care, are needed. We describe how we developed a new community-based LGBTQ+ primary care clinic and implemented safety-net sexual health and STI screening and care services in Providence, Rhode Island.

METHODS: Open Door Health in Providence, Rhode Island, was started in 2020 to improve access to HIV/STI care and prevention services, primary care, and gender- affirming care for the LGBTQ+ community. We reviewed demographics and behaviors of patients presenting for STI screening services from February 2021 to October 2023 at the clinic. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were used to evaluate demographics and behaviors among patients testing positive for HIV and other STIs.

RESULTS: A total of N=1,633 people presented for STI screening. Of these, 56% were 30 years or younger, 65% identified as male, 24% as female, and 9% as non-binary or gender diverse. Forty-three percent were MSM, 19% were Black/African American (B/AA), and 22% were Hispanic/Latino (H/L). Seventy-one percent reported two or more partners in the last three months. The prevalence of STIs was 22.3% (4.4% syphilis, 7.5% gonorrhea, and 9.7% chlamydia). Those who tested positive for an STI were more likely to be B/AA (23.3% of B/AA individuals versus 15.9% of White, p<0.05), H/L (23.1% versus 17.4%, p<0.05), and MSM (25% versus 16.9%, p<0.05).

CONCLUSION: Open Door Health provides important safety-net STI services for the LGBTQ+ community. Individuals presenting for services had a high prevalence of HIV/STIs. Improved approaches are needed for HIV/STI care and prevention in this group, including among B/AA and H/L communities.

PMID:39576999

R I Med J (2013). 2024 Dec 2;107(12):27-29.

ABSTRACT

Since 2022, mpox (formerly known as monkeypox) has emerged as a sexually-associated infection that disproportionately impacts gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (GBMSM). Fortunately, the JYNNEOS vaccine, which was initially developed for smallpox, has demonstrated significant efficacy against mpox and was distributed across the United States. In January 2024, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reported that Rhode Island ranked first among the 50 states for rates of full vaccination coverage (two doses) against mpox among people at increased risk including GBMSM, and second among the 50 states for rates of partial vaccination (single dose).1 The Rhode Island Department of Health (RIDOH), in partnership with other state agencies, clinicians, and community-based organizations, succeeded in rapid outbreak response focusing on community engagement and health equity to address the mpox epidemic.

PMID:39576998

R I Med J (2013). 2024 Dec 2;107(12):9-12.

ABSTRACT

Over the past 10 years, sexually transmitted infections (STIs) have seen a significant resurgence in the United States despite the availability of effective treatments and reliable prevention methods. Rhode Island has experienced a similar uptick in the incidence of syphilis, chlamydia and gonorrhea, with many cases occurring among gay, bisexual, men who have sex with men (GBMSM), which coincides with a recent concerning rise in congenital syphilis cases. We reviewed the most recent STI trends for the state of Rhode Island in 2022. During this year, 6,883 cases of STIs were reported to the Department of Health (N=5,199 chlamydia, 1,444 gonorrhea, and 240 infectious syphilis cases). Compared to 2012, this represented a 21%, 185%, and 253% increase in chlamydia, gonorrhea, and syphilis infections, respectively. Since 2020, eight cases of congenital syphilis have been reported. Prior to 2020, no cases of congenital syphilis were reported since 2009. This resurgence is mainly attributed to shifting social and behavioral trends, particularly among younger individuals and shared sexual networks across diverse groups.1 Further efforts and resources are needed to effectively address these concerning trends in STIs.

PMID:39576994

J Med Internet Res. 2024 Nov 22;26:e52498. doi: 10.2196/52498.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Studies show that the use of information and communications technologies (ICTs), including smartphones, tablets, computers, and the internet, varies by demographic factors such as age, gender, and educational attainment. However, the connections between ICT use and factors such as ethnicity and English proficiency, especially among Asian American older adults, remain less explored. The technology acceptance model (TAM) suggests that 2 key attitudinal factors, perceived usefulness (PU) and perceived ease of use (PEOU), influence technology acceptance. While the TAM has been adapted for older adults in China, Taiwan, Singapore, and Korea, it has not been tested among Asian American older adults, a population that is heterogeneous and experiences language barriers in the United States.

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to examine the relationships among demographics (age, gender, educational attainment, ethnicity, and English proficiency), PU, PEOU, and ICT use among low-income Asian American older adults. Two outcomes were examined: smartphone use and ICT use, each measured by years of experience and current frequency of use.

METHODS: This was a secondary data analysis from a cross-sectional baseline survey of the Lighthouse Project, which provided free broadband, ICT devices, and digital literacy training to residents living in 8 affordable senior housing communities across California. This analysis focused on Asian participants aged ≥62 years (N=392), specifically those of Korean, Chinese, Vietnamese, Filipino, and other Asian ethnicities (eg, Hmong and Japanese). Hypotheses were examined using descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and hierarchical regression analysis.

RESULTS: Younger age, higher education, and greater English proficiency were positively associated with smartphone use (age: β=-.202; P<.001; education: β=.210; P<.001; and English proficiency: β=.124; P=.048) and ICT use (age: β=-.157; P=.002; education: β=.215; P<.001; and English proficiency: β=.152; P=.01). Male gender was positively associated with PEOU (β=.111; P=.047) but not with PU (β=-.031; P=.59), smartphone use (β=.023; P=.67), or ICT use (β=.078; P=.16). Ethnicity was a significant predictor of PU (F_4,333=5.046; P<.001), PEOU (F_4,345=4.299; P=.002), and ICT use (F_4,350=3.177; P=.01), with Chinese participants reporting higher levels than Korean participants, who were the reference group (β=.143; P=.007). PU and PEOU were positively correlated with each other (r=0.139, 95% CI=0.037-0.237; P=.007), and both were significant predictors of smartphone use (PU: β=.158; P=.002 and PEOU: β=.166; P=.002) and ICT use (PU: β=.117; P=.02 and PEOU: β=0.22; P<.001), even when controlling for demographic variables.

CONCLUSIONS: The findings support the use of the TAM among low-income Asian American older adults. In addition, ethnicity and English proficiency are significant predictors of smartphone and ICT use among this population. Future interventions should consider heterogeneity and language barriers of this population to increase technology acceptance and use.

PMID:39576987 | DOI:10.2196/52498

JMIR Res Protoc. 2024 Nov 22;13:e63329. doi: 10.2196/63329.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Motor imagery (MI) is a cognitive process that has been shown to be useful in the rehabilitation process after brain injury. Moreover, functional electrical stimulation (FES) and virtual reality (VR) have also been shown to be effective interventions in many parameters, and there is some evidence of their contribution to the improvement of MI capacity.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to compare the improvements in MI parameters, grip strength, and manual dexterity obtained using VR, FES, and selective FES based on multifield electrodes in healthy people.

METHODS: This clinical randomized controlled trial (RCT)with 4 branches will involve 80 healthy university students, with blinded third-party assessment. Participants will be divided into 4 groups: control (no intervention), selective FES (Fesia Grasp), traditional FES (Globus Elite), and Virtual Rehab Hands (Leap Motion sensor). Each group will receive 5 daily sessions, and assessments will be conducted at baseline, postintervention, and follow-up. The Movement Imagery Questionnaire-Revised (MIQ-RS) and chronometry will be used to assess MI, strength will be measured with a digital dynamometer, and manual dexterity will be evaluated with the Nine Hole Peg Test (NHPT) and the Box and Block Test (BBT). Statistical analyses will include 2-way repeated-measures ANOVA with post hoc Bonferroni correction to compare group differences over time, with nonparametric tests (eg, Kruskal-Wallis) being used if normality or variance assumptions are violated. The study will be organized into 3 phases: preparation, data collection, and analysis. The preparation phase will involve finalizing project protocols and obtaining ethical approvals. The data collection phase will consist of recruiting participants, randomizing them into 4 intervention groups, and conducting baseline assessments, followed by intervention sessions. Finally, the analysis phase will focus on evaluating the data collected from all groups and compiling the results for presentation.

RESULTS: The study received approval in July 2023, with recruitment and data collection starting in September 2023. The recruitment phase was expected to conclude by July 2024, and the entire study, including the 2-week follow-up, was set to finish in September 2024. As of July 2024, we had enrolled 100% of the sample (N=80 students). We plan to publish the study findings by the end of 2024.

CONCLUSIONS: Improvements in MI and upper limb functionality are expected, particularly in the selective FES group. This RCT will identify which intervention is most effective in enhancing these skills, with potential benefits for patients with neurological motor disorders.

TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT06109025; https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT06109025.

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID): DERR1-10.2196/63329.

PMID:39576986 | DOI:10.2196/63329

J Med Internet Res. 2024 Oct 14. doi: 10.2196/57458. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of overweight and obesity is increasing at an alarming rate in children and adolescents worldwide. Given the dimension of the problem, treatments of childhood obesity are recognized as of extreme importance. Current evidence indicates that behavioural and cognitive behavioural strategies combined with diet and physical activity approaches may assist in reducing adolescent obesity.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this systematic review is to evaluate the use of extrinsic motivators in improving the BMI of obese or overweight adolescents.

METHODS: The inclusion criteria were as follows: 1) overweight or obese adolescents, 2) intervention using extrinsic motivators, 3) outcome variables related to weight status. The exclusion criteria were associated chronic disease. The search process was conducted in PubMed and Web of Science (last searched on 23/04/2023). The risk of bias was evaluated independently by two authors with the Cochrane’s tools: RoB2 (RCT), ROBINS-I and ROBINS-E.

RESULTS: From 3,163 studies identified, 20 articles (corresponding to 18 studies) were included in the analysis. The studies differ in study design, sample size, follow-up duration, outcomes reported, and extrinsic motivators used. Most of the studies had videogames or apps as intervention. Nine studies (50%) showed a statistically significant decrease of BMI. The most used extrinsic motivators were “Motivation” (n=13), “Feedback” (n=10) and “Rewards” (n=9), and the ones that seem to have a higher impact on decreasing BMI are “Reminders” (100%) and “Peer-support” (80%).

CONCLUSIONS: The heterogeneity of studies makes analysis difficult. No study has evaluated the extrinsic motivators in isolation. Most of the studies have a moderate or high risk of bias. The extrinsic motivators that seem to be more useful are “Reminders” and “Peer-support”, but more studies are needed, namely well designed RCTs, homogeneity in BMI measure and extrinsic motivators definitions, and longer duration to better understand long-term impact of extrinsic motivators on weight management success.

PMID:39576963 | DOI:10.2196/57458

JCO Clin Cancer Inform. 2024 Nov;8:e2400071. doi: 10.1200/CCI.24.00071. Epub 2024 Nov 22.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) is increasingly used in breast cancer. Predictive modeling is useful in predicting pathologic complete response (pCR) to NAC. We test machine learning (ML) models to predict pCR in breast cancer and explore methods of handling missing data.

METHODS: Four hundred and ninety-nine patients with breast cancer treated with NAC in two centers in Singapore (National Cancer Centre Singapore [NCCS] and KK Hospital) between January 2014 and December 2017 were included. Eleven clinical features were used to train five different ML models. Listwise deletion and imputation were evaluated on handling missing data. Model performance was evaluated by AUC and calibration (Brier score). Feature importance from the best performing model in the external testing data set was calculated using Shapley additive explanations.

RESULTS: Seventy-two (24.6%), 18 (24.7%), and 31 (24.8%) patients attained pCR in NCCS training, NCCS testing, and KK Women’s and Children’s Hospital (KKH) testing data sets, respectively. The random forest (RF) base and imputed models have the highest AUCs in the KKH cohort of 0.794 (95% CI, 0.709 to 0.873) and 0.795 (95% CI, 0.706 to 0.871), respectively, and were the best calibrated with the lowest Brier score. No statistically significant difference was noted between AUCs of the base and imputed models in all data sets. The imputed model had a larger positive predictive value (PPV; 98.2% v 95.1%) and negative predictive value (NPV; 96.7% v 90.0%) than the base model in the KKH data set. Estrogen receptor intensity, human epidermal growth factor 2 intensity, and age at diagnosis were the three most important predictors.

CONCLUSION: ML, particularly RF, demonstrates reasonable accuracy in pCR prediction after NAC. Imputing missing fields in the data can improve the PPV and NPV of the pCR prediction model.

PMID:39576956 | DOI:10.1200/CCI.24.00071