Tag: nevin manimala

World J Microbiol Biotechnol. 2025 Jan 31;41(2):58. doi: 10.1007/s11274-025-04273-2.

ABSTRACT

Exopolysaccharides (EPS) produced by lactic acid bacteria with immunomodulatory potential are promising natural food additives. This study employs small-scale, 250 mL bioreactors combined with a central composite design to optimise two important bioprocess parameters, namely temperature and airflow, to achieve high yields of biomass and EPS from Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus LRH30 (L. rhamnosus LRH30). A quadratic model was determined to be the best fit for the production of both products. The optimum critical process parameters for maximised biomass were identified to be 37.01 °C with an airflow of 0.12 vvm, while optimum criteria was 20.1 °C with an airflow of 0.18 vvm for maximum EPS production. Under these optimized conditions, small-scale batch experiments yielded a biomass concentration of 10.1 g/L and an EPS yield of 520.2 mg/L. In comparison, scale-up experiments in 2L reactors resulted in a biomass concentration of 8.54 g/L (a reduction of 18%) and an EPS yield of 654.6 mg/L (an increase of 26%). The produced EPS was purified and characterised through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and showed characteristic peaks associated with polysaccharides. The immunomodulatory potential of the L. rhamnosus LRH30 cells and EPS was evaluated through cytokine and chemokine secretion in a J774A.1 murine macrophage, resulting in a predominantly anti-inflammatory effect of L. rhamnosus LRH30 and EPS.

PMID:39888560 | DOI:10.1007/s11274-025-04273-2

Sports Med. 2025 Jan 31. doi: 10.1007/s40279-024-02149-3. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Endurance athletes tend to accumulate large training volumes, the majority of which are performed at a low intensity and a smaller portion at moderate and high intensity. However, different training intensity distributions (TID) are employed to maximize physiological and performance adaptations.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to conduct a systematic review and network meta-analysis of individual participant data to compare the effect of different TID models on maximal oxygen uptake (VO_2max) and time-trial (TT) performance in endurance-trained athletes.

METHODS: Studies were included if: (1) they were published in peer reviewed academic journals, (2) they were in English, (3) they were experimental or quasi-experimental studies, (4) they included trained endurance athletes, (5) they compared a polarized (POL) TID intervention to a comparator group that utilized a different TID model, (6) the duration in each intensity domain could be quantified, and (7) they reported VO_2max or TT performance. Medline and SPORTDiscus were searched from inception until 11 February 2024.

RESULTS: We included 13 studies with 348 (n = 296 male, n = 52 female) recreational (n = 150) and competitive (n = 198) endurance athletes. Mean age ranged from 17.6 to 41.5 years and VO_2max ranged from 46.6 to 68.3 mL·kg^-1·min^-1, across studies respectively. Based on the time in heart rate zone approach, there was no difference in VO_2max (SMD = – 0.06, p = 0.68) or TT performance (SMD = – 0.05, p = 0.34) between POL and pyramidal (PYR) interventions. There were no statistically significant differences between POL and any of the other TID interventions. Subgroup analysis showed a statistically significant difference in the response of VO_2max between recreational and competitive athletes for POL and PYR (SMD = – 0.63, p < 0.05). Competitive athletes may have greater improvements to VO_2max with POL, while recreational athletes may improve more with a PYR TID.

CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that the adaptations to VO_2max following different TID interventions are dependent on performance level. Athletes at a more competitive level may benefit from a POL TID intervention and recreational athletes from a PYR TID intervention.

PMID:39888556 | DOI:10.1007/s40279-024-02149-3

J Autism Dev Disord. 2025 Jan 31. doi: 10.1007/s10803-025-06726-x. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

This study aimed to examine early mathematical abilities in young children with autism aged four to seven without intellectual disabilities and their connection with autism severity, non-verbal intelligence, and linguistic abilities (receptive vocabulary and grammar). The study involved 42 children with autism. We assessed participants’ cognitive, mathematical, and linguistic abilities. Their mathematical performance was compared with that of typically developing children using standardized measures. Statistical analyses were conducted to identify potential cognitive or linguistic differences across groups based on mathematical performance, and to determine predictive factors for mathematical abilities in children with autism. The findings indicated a higher prevalence of mathematical difficulties among the participants compared to typically developing children. A classification based on mathematical performance revealed statistically significant differences in cognitive and linguistic variables across groups, particularly in the low-performance group. However, no significant differences were found according to autism severity between the groups. The analysis further identified that a combination of visuo-spatial and linguistic abilities was the most predictive factor for mathematical performance. The study suggests that young children with autism without intellectual disabilities may be more likely to experience mathematical difficulties compared to typically developing children. Assessing cognitive and linguistic abilities could serve as a predictive measure for mathematical difficulties of children with autism, even without a formal diagnosis. Future research, with larger samples or longitudinal approaches, could validate these findings or explore which specific mathematical abilities are more related to non-verbal intelligence and which ones to structural language.

PMID:39888554 | DOI:10.1007/s10803-025-06726-x

Indian J Pediatr. 2025 Jan 31. doi: 10.1007/s12098-024-05405-6. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: To compare six doses of intrapleural streptokinase (SK) vs. the conventional three doses in children with empyema.

METHODS: In this randomized controlled trial, children with empyema received intrapleural streptokinase, either twice daily for 3 d (total 6 doses); or once daily for 3 d (total 3 doses). The outcomes assessed were treatment failure, volume of fluid drained, duration of fever, duration of respiratory distress, length of hospitalization, need for surgical decortication, adverse events and cost.

RESULTS: Thirty-six children were enrolled. Cumulative pleural pus drainage was significantly higher with six doses [median (IQR) 367 (266, 850) vs. 195 (142, 422) ml, p 0.02]. The mean (SD) durations of fever and respiratory distress, after completing intrapleural therapy were also shorter; 2.3 (0.8) vs. 5.7 (1.6) d, p 0.04; and 2.2 (0.9) vs. 6.3 (1.9) d, p 0.03 respectively. However, there were no statistically significant differences in the length of hospitalization after completing therapy [median (IQR) 9 (6, 17) vs. 12 (4, 16) d], total duration of intercostal drainage [median (IQR) 13 (11, 21) vs. 12 (7, 19) d], treatment failure rate [4/16 (25%) vs. 7/16 (43.7%)], or need for surgical decortication [2/16 (16.2%) vs. 1/16 (6.2%)]. There were no significant adverse effects necessitating cessation or modification of therapy in either group. The cost of therapy was identical in both groups.

CONCLUSIONS: Six doses of intrapleural streptokinase appear superior to the conventional three doses in children with empyema, with comparable safety and cost.

PMID:39888550 | DOI:10.1007/s12098-024-05405-6

Environ Geochem Health. 2025 Jan 31;47(3):63. doi: 10.1007/s10653-025-02374-3.

ABSTRACT

People spend about 90% of their day indoors and are at increased risk of exposure to metal elements (MEs), water-soluble ions (WSIs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) contained in indoor PM_2.5. Therefore, firstly this study investigated indoor PM_2.5 pollution to explore the distribution characteristics of MEs, WSIs and PAHs. Secondly, the carcinogenic risk of MEs and PAH to the population was analyzed using health risk assessment models. Finally, the sources of MEs and PAHs were identified using statistical analyses. The results of the study show that PM_2.5 concentrations fluctuate between spring and winter, with the most significant fluctuations reaching around 100 µg/m³ in March and January. Concentrations of most MEs, WSIs and PAHs during the heating season are twice as high as during the non-heating season. The main sources of MEs and PAHs are industrial, coal-fired emission sources, vehicle exhaust and metallurgical chemical emission sources. The non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks of metallic elements to the population are mainly due to Co, which contribute up to 80% in both adults and children. The carcinogenicity risk indices of the six monomeric PAHs, BaP, DbA, Bbf, Bkf, Inp and BaA, were greater than 10^-6, indicating a potential carcinogenic risk.

PMID:39888536 | DOI:10.1007/s10653-025-02374-3

Lasers Med Sci. 2025 Jan 31;40(1):57. doi: 10.1007/s10103-025-04310-4.

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this study was to compare the penetration of methylene blue (MB) dye after laser irradiation using PIPS (photon-induced photoacoustic streaming) and SWEEPS (shockwave enhanced emission photoacoustic streaming) methods compared to Passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI) and to study their effect on dentin microhardness. A total of 44 single-rooted human teeth which were extracted for orthodontic or periodontal reasons were used. The teeth were decapitated to standardize roots to 12 mm in length. Canals were prepared up to size #30.6% and divided randomly into four groups (n = 11/group) according to the method of NaOCl activation: Group I: Er: YAG laser activation with PIPS tip; Group II: Er: YAG laser activation with SWEEPS tip; Group III: passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI) and Group IV: conventional needle irrigation (CI). MB dye was injected then teeth were sectioned horizontally into coronal, middle and apical sections. Penetration depth/area percentages were measured using stereomicroscopy. Coronal specimens were further subjected to Vickers microhardness testing. Data were statistically analyzed. SWEEPS and PIPS activation methods provided higher dye penetration depth and area percentages compared to PUI with no statistically significant differences between all test groups. However, all test groups showed statistically significant differences with the CI (control) group. SWEEPS activation provided higher microhardness values with statistically significant differences with the other groups. Laser irrigant activation using PIPS and SWEEPS is comparable to PUI concerning MB dye penetration. However, SWEEPS preserved dentin microhardness significantly which can be beneficial for the long-term prognosis of root canal treated teeth.

PMID:39888502 | DOI:10.1007/s10103-025-04310-4

Eur Arch Paediatr Dent. 2025 Jan 31. doi: 10.1007/s40368-025-01000-1. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the influence of photobiomodulation therapy on the regenerative potential of non-vital mature permanent teeth of healthy Canine dogs.

METHODS: 54 mature roots, obtained from 27 premolars, in dogs, were selected and divided into three equal groups where Group I received regenerative endodontic procedures (REPs) using blood clot as a scaffold (positive control), Group II received similar treatment as Group I, followed by photobiomodulation therapy (study group) and Group III did not receive any intervention (negative control). Each group was further divided into three equal subgroups for the evaluation of the vascular area percentage and fibroblast count at 3 different intervals; 3, 10, and 15 weeks. Statistical analysis was performed with R statistical analysis software version 4.1.3 RESULTS: Data analysis for vascular area percentages, revealed an insignificant increase in mean values at 3 and 10 weeks for both the positive control and study group, and all values were significantly lower than the negative control (p < 0.001). At 15 weeks, there was an insignificant difference between the study group and the negative control group, with mean values was 9.76 ± 2.25, and 11.97 ± 2.37, respectively. However, both values were significantly higher than the positive control group (2.47 ± 1.0), (p < 0.001). Regarding fibroblast count, there was a gradual increase in mean values recorded at different intervals, reaching its maximum at the 15th week period; they were 41.40 ± 1.14, 56.60 ± 6.11 and 44.67 ± 17.04 for positive control, study group, and negative control respectively, with insignificant differences between the study group and negative control.

CONCLUSION: The results of this study support the revascularization of non-vital mature permanent teeth as an alternative treatment modality. Photobiomodulation could improve the construction of regenerated blood vessels and fibroblasts. However, further studies with longer flow-up periods and different animal models are recommended.

PMID:39888499 | DOI:10.1007/s40368-025-01000-1

Int J Clin Pharm. 2025 Jan 31. doi: 10.1007/s11096-025-01867-6. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Drug-induced hypofibrinogenemia has received increasing scrutiny; however, the specific drugs involved remain poorly characterized. Hypofibrinogenemia can have significant clinical implications, including increased bleeding risks.

AIM: This study aimed to utilize the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) to identify and analyze drugs frequently implicated in drug-induced hypofibrinogenemia.

METHOD: A disproportionality analysis was conducted using FAERS data from January 2004 to March 2024. Various statistical tools were used, including the Reporting Odds Ratio (ROR), Proportional Reporting Ratio, Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency metrics, and Bayesian confidence propagation neural network.

RESULTS: The analysis included 17,627,340 cases involving 52,373,206 adverse events, with 1,661 cases identified as hypofibrinogenemia. The top five drugs associated with hypofibrinogenemia by case number were methotrexate (124 cases), tigecycline (119 cases), tocilizumab (100 cases), pegaspargase (83 cases), and alteplase (57 cases). The drugs ranked by signal strength based on ROR included eravacycline (ROR 2173.84, 95% CI 1208.80-3909.30), tigecycline (ROR 747.34, 95% CI 619.03-902.24), crotalidae polyvalent immune Fab (ROR 407.67, 95% CI 291.07-570.99), pegaspargase (ROR 216.06, 95% CI 173.15-269.61), and asparaginase (ROR 184.93, 95% CI 132.18-258.72).

CONCLUSION: This analysis of FAERS data identified 52 drugs associated with hypofibrinogenemia, most (88.5%) of which do not mention this risk in their prescribing information. These findings demonstrate the need for the monitoring of blood fibrinogen and may serve as a reference for the explore of the characteristics and underlying mechanism of drug-induced hypofibrinogenemia in the real world.

PMID:39888490 | DOI:10.1007/s11096-025-01867-6

Int Urol Nephrol. 2025 Jan 31. doi: 10.1007/s11255-024-04339-4. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Managing lower calyceal stones poses significant challenges. Flexible ureteroscopy and laser lithotripsy (FURSL) are standard techniques for treating large stones (10-20 mm).

OBJECTIVE: This study evaluates the role of the T-tilt position (45-degree Trendelenburg with a 45-degree lateral tilt against the side of the stone) and hydrodilatation of the lower calyx with 50 cc saline injection as needed in optimizing stone-free rates and safety during FURSL for lower calyceal stones.

METHODS: Following ethical approval, a prospective randomized study with 197 patients was conducted. 13 patients were excluded (9 with renal anomalies or prior surgeries affecting anatomy, and four who refused participation). The remaining 184 were randomized into Group A (92 patients in T-tilt with hydrodilatation) and Group B (92 patients with hydrodilatation in lithotomy position). Randomization was achieved with computer-generated numbers stored in sealed envelopes. All patients had 10-20 mm stones and underwent FURSL using a 7.5 FR flexible ureteroscope and 200-micron Wolf laser fiber. Follow-up CT KUB was performed at 1 and 3 months, assessing stone-free status (no residual stones or residual < 3 mm) and the need for auxiliary procedures.

RESULTS: Both groups were statistically analyzed for age, sex, BMI, stone size, Hounsfield units (HU), infundibular dimensions, access sheath use, complications (fever, sepsis, hematuria) and hospital stay. No significant differences were found between the two groups in these variables. However, operative time was significantly longer in Group A than in Group B (P value = 0.018). The need for auxiliary procedures was significantly lower in Group A than in Group B (P value = 0.001), and the success rate was significantly higher in Group A than in Group B (P value = 0.001).

CONCLUSION: The T-tilt position and hydrodilatation significantly optimize outcomes and enhance stone-free rates for large lower calyceal stones (10-20 mm). This position improves intraoperative vision and facilitates access to the lower calyx, facilitating the clearance of stone fragments.

PMID:39888472 | DOI:10.1007/s11255-024-04339-4

J Med Syst. 2025 Jan 31;49(1):18. doi: 10.1007/s10916-025-02151-w.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: Mobile health plays an important role in providing individualized information about the health status of patients. Limited information exists on intensive care unit (ICU) patients with the risk of suffering from the post-intensive care syndrome (PICS), summarizing long-term physical, mental and cognitive impairment. This web-based survey study aims to identify specific needs of former ICU patients for utilizing a newly developed, so called Post-Intensive Care Outcome Surveillance (PICOS) app to collect relevant PICS-related parameters.

METHODS: A prototype app was developed following interaction principles for interactive systems of usability engineering. Patients from four different German hospitals were asked about demographics, interaction with technology and their perception of the prototype regarding hedonic motivation, perceived ease of use and performance expectancy.

RESULTS: 123 patients participated in the survey; the majority owned and used smartphones. Nearly half of respondents would seek help from family members or caregivers using the app. There was a difference in affinity for technology for participants who own a smartphone and those who do not, t(116) = – 0.97, p = .335, and no significant difference in affinity for technology whether the participants would like support when using the app or not, t(97) = 1.81, p = .073. The average hedonic motivation for using the app was M = 4.44 (SD = 1.304).

CONCLUSION: This app prototype was perceived as both beneficial and easy to use, indicating its success among former ICU patients. Due to aging and ongoing health impairments, every second patient would need assistance with the initial use of the app.

PMID:39888468 | DOI:10.1007/s10916-025-02151-w