Tag: nevin manimala

Sci Rep. 2024 Nov 18;14(1):28401. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-80025-w.

ABSTRACT

Undersea mining encounters challenges due to the presence of seawater. An influx of seawater into stop in undersea can result in enormous disaster. Predicting strata settlement is a crucial measure to ensure the safety of undersea mining. This study proposed an intelligent model based on deep forest (DF) to evaluate the strata settlement during undersea mining. Initially, the strata displacement was monitored in the Xishan mining area of Sanshandao gold mine, China. Comprehensive datasets encompassing roof displacement and twelve influencing factors were compiled from 120 observations. Then, these datasets were statistically analyzed and used to train the DF model. The developed DF model achieved a training R² of 0.971 and a testing R² of 0.936. Compared with other machine learning models, the DF model has superior performance in the prediction of strata settlement. Moreover, a graphical user interface was designed to facilitate the application of the DF model. Finally, to validate model feasibility, displacement monitoring was conducted in the Xinli mining area of Sanshandao gold mine. Additional datasets were collected to validate the capability of the DF model. The results suggested that the DF model can be used to predict strata subsidence in undersea mining effectively.

PMID:39551852 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-024-80025-w

Chin J Integr Med. 2024 Nov 18. doi: 10.1007/s11655-024-4001-4. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of Yangxue Qingnao Pills (YXQNP) combined with amlodipine in treating patients with grade 1 hypertension.

METHODS: This is a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled study. Adult patients with grade 1 hypertension of blood deficiency and Gan (Liver)-yang hyperactivity syndrome were randomly divided into the treatment or the control groups at a 1:1 ratio. The treatment group received YXQNP and amlodipine besylate, while the control group received YXQNP’s placebo and amlodipine besylate. The treatment duration lasted for 180 days. Outcomes assessed included changes in blood pressure, Chinese medicine (CM) syndrome scores, symptoms and target organ functions before and after treatment in both groups. Additionally, adverse events, such as nausea, vomiting, rash, itching, and diarrhea, were recorded in both groups.

RESULTS: A total of 662 subjects were enrolled, of whom 608 (91.8%) completed the trial (306 in the treatment and 302 in the control groups). After 180 days of treatment, the standard deviations and coefficients of variation of systolic and diastolic blood pressure levels were lower in the treatment group compared with the control group. The improvement rates of dizziness, headache, insomnia, and waist soreness were significantly higher in the treatment group compared with the control group (P<0.05). After 30 days of treatment, the overall therapeutic effects on CM clinical syndromes were significantly increased in the treatment group as compared with the control group (P<0.05). After 180 days of treatment, brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity, ankle brachial index and albumin-to-creatinine ratio were improved in both groups, with no statistically significant differences (P>0.05). No serious treatment-related adverse events occurred during the study period.

CONCLUSIONS: Combination therapy of YXQNP with amlodipine significantly improved symptoms such as dizziness and headache, reduced blood pressure variability, and showed a trend toward lowering urinary microalbumin in hypertensive patients. These findings suggest that this regimen has good clinical efficacy and safety. (Registration No. ChiCTR1900022470).

PMID:39551851 | DOI:10.1007/s11655-024-4001-4

Neurol Sci. 2024 Nov 18. doi: 10.1007/s10072-024-07859-0. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The incidence of ischemic stroke in young adults has increased substantially. There are limited data in the literature concerning the short-term clinical outcome in young adults with acute stroke after revascularization treatment. Due to the lack of available data on gender differences short-term clinical outcome, we designed the present study.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: We collected data from 127 patients aged 50 years or younger consecutively admitted to the Stroke-Unit of “Cardarelli” Hospital in Naples between August 2017 and September 2022 due to ischemic stroke. All of them underwent thrombolysis and/or endovascular treatment.

RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Smoking, hypertension, and dyslipidemia emerged as the most prevalent risk factors. A gender-based analysis revealed that the history of stroke was the only statistically significant factor more frequently observed in the female group. The leading stroke etiology was “cardioembolism,” succeeded by strokes of “other determined origin”, “undetermined etiology,” “large-artery atherosclerosis,” and “small-artery occlusion.” Concerning reperfusion therapy, intravenous thrombolysis ranked as the most utilized treatment, followed by “bridging” therapy (combining intravenous thrombolytic therapy with thrombectomy) and primary mechanical thrombectomy. Notably, the average NIHSS scores 7 days post-revascularization were lower among females compared to males, constituting a statistically significant distinction. Nevertheless, no statistically significant correlation surfaced between gender and treatment type in NIHSS mean values at admission, 2 hours, 24 hours post-revascularization, or 7 days post-revascularization. This suggests that the observed disparity in mean NIHSS score between male and female groups after 7 days may potentially stem from other factors, such as endogenous estrogens.

PMID:39551848 | DOI:10.1007/s10072-024-07859-0

NPJ Precis Oncol. 2024 Nov 17;8(1):263. doi: 10.1038/s41698-024-00754-z.

ABSTRACT

Accurate treatment response assessment using serial CT scans is essential in oncological clinical trials. However, oncologists’ assessment following the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) guideline is subjective, time-consuming, and sometimes fallible. Advanced liver cancer often presents multifocal hepatic lesions on CT imaging, making accurate characterization more challenging than with other malignancies. In this work, we developed a tumor volume guided comprehensive objective response evaluation based on deep learning (RECORD) for liver cancer. RECORD performs liver tumor segmentation, followed by sum of the volume (SOV)-based treatment response classification and new lesion assessment. Then, it can provide treatment evaluations of response, stability, and progression, and calculates progression-free survival (PFS) and response time. The RECORD pipeline was developed with both CNN and ViT backbones. Its performance was evaluated in three longitudinal cohorts involving 60 multi-national centers, 206 patients, 891 CT scans, using internal five-fold cross-validation and external validations. RECORD with the most effective backbone achieved an average AUC-response of 0.981, AUC-stable of 0.929, and AUC-progression of 0.969 for SOV-based disease status classification, F1-score of 0.887 for new lesion identification, and accuracy of 0.889 for final treatment outcome assessments across all cohorts. RECORD’s PFS and response time predictions strongly correlated with clinician’s assessments (P < 0.001). Moreover, RECORD can better stratify high-risk versus low-risk patients for overall survival compared to the human-assessed RECIST results. In conclusion, RECORD demonstrates efficiency and objectivity in analyzing liver lesions for treatment response evaluation. Further research should extend the pipeline to other metastatic organ sites.

PMID:39551847 | DOI:10.1038/s41698-024-00754-z

Sci Rep. 2024 Nov 18;14(1):28402. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-79028-4.

ABSTRACT

Neural networks are reported to be vulnerable under minor and imperceptible attacks. The underlying mechanism and quantitative measure of the vulnerability still remains to be revealed. In this study, we explore the intrinsic trade-off between accuracy and robustness in neural networks, framed through the lens of the “uncertainty principle”. By examining the fundamental limitations imposed by this principle, we reveal how neural networks inherently balance precision in feature extraction with susceptibility to adversarial perturbations. Our analysis highlights that as neural networks achieve higher accuracy, their vulnerability to adversarial attacks increases, a phenomenon rooted in the uncertainty relation. By using the mathematics from quantum mechanics, we offer a theoretical foundation and analytical method for understanding the vulnerabilities of deep learning models.

PMID:39551816 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-024-79028-4

Nat Commun. 2024 Nov 17;15(1):9959. doi: 10.1038/s41467-024-54301-2.

ABSTRACT

Primary open-angle glaucoma typically presents as two subtypes. This study aimed to elucidate the shared and distinct genetic architectures of normal-tension (NTG) and high-tension glaucoma (HTG), motivated by the need to develop intraocular pressure (IOP)-independent drug targets for the disease. We conducted a comprehensive multi-ethnic meta-analysis, prioritized variants based on functional annotation, and explored drug-gene interactions. We further assessed the genetic overlap between NTG and HTG using pairwise GWAS analysis. We identified 22 risk loci associated with NTG, 17 of which have not previously been reported for NTG. Two loci, BMP4 and TBKBP1, have not previously been associated with glaucoma at the genome-wide significance level. Our results indicate that while there is a significant overlap in risk loci between tension subtypes, the magnitude of the effect tends to be lower in NTG compared to HTG, particularly for IOP-related loci. Additionally, we identified a potential role for biologic immunomodulatory treatments as neuroprotective agents.

PMID:39551815 | DOI:10.1038/s41467-024-54301-2

Sci Rep. 2024 Nov 17;14(1):28372. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-80134-6.

ABSTRACT

Patients suffering from chronic kidney failure ultimately need kidney replacement therapies, such as hemodialysis. Adherence to treatment in these patients can play a central role in improving health levels and feelings of well-being. The aim of this study was to determine the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the modified version of the Greek Simplified Medication Adherence Questionnaire in hemodialysis patients. In a methodological study carried out in 2024, a sample of 411 hemodialysis patients was selected using a convenience sampling method. The GR-SMAQ-HD utilized in the study was translated, and its psychometric properties were evaluated through assessments of construct validity, including exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, convergent validity, and divergent validity. Furthermore, the study examined the internal consistency of the scale to ensure its reliability. The mean age of the participants was 59.37 (SD = 12.99) years. The results of the tetrachoric correlation matrix with Varimax with Kaiser Normalization rotation using the first random dataset (n = 205) extracted three factors accounting for 74.4% of the variance comprising 8 items. The results of CFA showed that the data fit the model. As for construct reliability, Cronbach’s alpha, CR, AIC, and MaxR for all constructs were greater than 0.7, demonstrating good internal consistency and construct reliability. In the overall population, the mean score for treatment Adherence was 5.61 (SD = 1.95, 95% CI 5.42, 5.80). Invariance analysis shows that the model has strong measurement invariance between sex ($ΔCFI= – 0.001, ΔRMSEA= – 0.004$). The findings affirm the appropriateness of employing the Persian iteration of the GR-SMAQ-HD as a dependable and valid instrument for assessing adherence to treatment in hemodialysis patients. GR-SMAQ-HD is crucial for ensuring that patients follow their prescribed treatment regimens effectively.

PMID:39551814 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-024-80134-6

Geriatr Nurs. 2024 Nov 16;61:140-148. doi: 10.1016/j.gerinurse.2024.10.066. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine the effect of life story work on psychological well-being among the elderly.

MATERIALS & METHODS: This is a parallel, randomized, single-blind clinical trial conducted using a pretest-posttest design. A total of 60 elderly individuals were randomly recruited and assigned to two groups of Care As Usual (CAU) or Life Story Work (LSW). The LSW group received the life review therapy program based on Erikson’s theory over six 60-minute sessions. Data were collected using a demographic questionnaire and Ryff’s Psychological Well-Being Scale (PWBS). Data were analyzed using SPSS Statistics for Windows, version 16.0.

RESULTS: Life story work was shown to be effective in improving the elderly’s psychological well-being immediately and two months after the intervention in the LSW group (p < .001).

CONCLUSION: Life story work can be applied as a supportive and effective treatment method to promote psychological well-being among the elderly.

PMID:39550787 | DOI:10.1016/j.gerinurse.2024.10.066

J Neurol Sci. 2024 Nov 13;467:123305. doi: 10.1016/j.jns.2024.123305. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) is a rapidly progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by neuronal damage. Emerging biomarkers, such as serum neurofilament light chain (sNfL), glial fibrillary acidic protein (sGFAP), and growth differentiation factor-15 (sGDF-15), are currently being studied for their potential use in this disease.

OBJECTIVES: This study analyzes the levels of sNfL, sGFAP, and sGDF-15, as well as their relationships, in patients with CJD compared to healthy controls (HC).

METHODS: A total of 19 CJD patients and 81 age- and sex-matched HCs were enrolled. Serum levels of sNfL and sGFAP were measured using ultrasensitive immunoassays, while sGDF-15 levels were assessed via ELISA. Statistical analyses included correlation analysis and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) models.

RESULTS: CJD patients showed significantly higher serum levels of sNfL and sGFAP compared to HCs (p <0,001). sNfL levels were positively correlated with both sGFAP (Rho = 0,70; p < 0,001) and sGDF-15 (Rho = 0,60; p = 0,004). Interestingly, sGFAP levels were higher in female CJD patients compared to males (p = 0,001), while no significant difference in sNfL levels was observed between sexes.

CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, this study explores the potential of sNfL, sGDF-15, and sGFAP as biomarkers in CJD patients. The higher levels of sNfL and sGFAP in CJD patients compared to healthy controls, along with the observed sex differences in sGFAP, highlight the need for further research into the interaction between astroglia and neurons in CJD, with a focus on sex as a key variable.

PMID:39550786 | DOI:10.1016/j.jns.2024.123305

Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2024 Oct 26;70:152559. doi: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2024.152559. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are more likely to develop work disability than the general population. We investigated whether individuals younger than 65 years of age who had both RA and new-onset work disability were at higher risk of CVD compared to similarly aged individuals with RA who did not develop disability. We identified the factors that best explained the excess risk.

METHODS: This was a retrospective cohort study using data from the CorEvitas RA registry. Patients younger than 65 with RA were included. Exposure was new-onset work disability, and comparator was consistently working individuals. Cohorts were age- and sex-matched. Demographics, medications, and disease specific factors were collected for all patients. Incidence rates (IR) for cardiovascular events were calculated using Poisson regression and explanatory multivariable models were built using Cox proportional hazard ratios (HR) to determine the factors that explained the excess CVD risk.

RESULTS: Age and sex-adjusted IR was 5.40 per 1,000 person-years in the new-onset work disability group compared to 2.17 per 1,000 person-years in the working group. Work disability associated with CVD with HR = 2.32 (95 % CI 1.52, 3.53) in the age- and sex-adjusted model. Multivariate models accounting for functional status, education, medications, and traditional CVD risk factors could not fully explain the excess risk for CVD in newly work disabled patients with RA: HR = 1.78 (1.09, 2.91).

CONCLUSIONS: Patients younger than 65 with RA and new-onset work disability are at significantly increased risk for incident CVD compared to working peers. The excess CVD risk remained unexplained after accounting for multiple variables, possibly due to variables we cannot fully account for, such as social determinants of health and allostatic load.

PMID:39550775 | DOI:10.1016/j.semarthrit.2024.152559