Tag: nevin manimala

Br J Nutr. 2025 Mar 3:1-48. doi: 10.1017/S0007114525000376. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Prior studies have shown that plant-based diets are associated with lower cardiovascular risk. However, these diets encompass a large diversity of foods with contrasted nutritional quality that may differentially impact health. We aimed to investigate the pooled cross-sectional association between metabolic syndrome (MetS), its components, and healthy and unhealthy plant-based diet indices (hPDI and uPDI), using data from two French cohorts and one representative study from the French population. This study included 16,358 participants from the NutriNet-Santé study, 1,769 participants from the Esteban study and 1,565 participants from the STANISLAS study who underwent a clinical visit. The MetS was defined according to the International Diabetes Federation definition. The associations between these plant-based diet indices and MetS were estimated by multivariable Poisson and logistic regression models, stratified by gender. Meta-analysis enabled the computation of a pooled Prevalence Ratio. A higher contribution of healthy plant foods (higher hPDI) was associated with a lower probability of having MetS (PR_men: 0.85; 95% CI: 0.75-0.94, PR_women: 0.72; 95% CI: 0.67-0.77), elevated waist circumferences and elevated blood pressure. In women, a higher hPDI was associated with a lower probability of having elevated triglycerides, low HDL-cholesterolemia and hyperglycemia; and a higher contribution of unhealthy plant foods was associated with a higher prevalence of MetS (PR_women: 1.13; 95% CI: 1.01-1.26) and elevated triglycerides. A greater contribution of healthy plant floods was associated with protective effects on metabolic syndrome, especially in women. Gender differences should be further investigated in relation to the current sustainable nutrition transition.

PMID:40026144 | DOI:10.1017/S0007114525000376

Cardiol Young. 2025 Mar 3:1-7. doi: 10.1017/S1047951125001222. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Acquired chylothorax is an established complication of CHD surgery, affecting 2-9% of patients. CHD places a child at risk for failure to thrive, with subsequent chylothorax imposing additional risk.

OBJECTIVE: We conducted a retrospective chart review to ascertain quantitative markers of nutrition and growth in children affected by chylothorax following CHD surgery between 2018 and 2022 compared to controls.

METHODS: We utilised electronic medical record system, EPIC, at Children’s Hospital, New Orleans, targeting subjects < 18 years old who underwent CHD surgery between 2018 and 2022 and developed a subsequent chylothorax. Study subjects were identified using the 10th revision of the International Classification of Diseases codes (ICD-10 codes: J94.0, I89.8, and J90.0). Each chylothorax case (n = 20) was matched by procedure type and age to a control with no chylothorax (n = 20). Data were recorded in REDCap and analysed using SPSS.

RESULTS: After removal of outliers, we analysed 19 total matched pairs. There was no statistical difference in growth velocity (p = 0.12), weight change (operation to discharge) (p = 0.95), weight change (admission to discharge) (p = 0.35), Z-score change (operation to discharge) (p = 0.90), Z-score change (admission to discharge) (p = 0.21), serum protein (p = 0.88), or serum albumin (p = 0.82). Among cases, linear regression demonstrated no significant association between maximum chylous output and growth velocity (p = 0.91), weight change (operation to discharge) (p = 0.15), or weight change (admission to discharge) (p = 0.98).

CONCLUSIONS: We did not observe statistically significant markers of growth or nutrition in children with chylothorax post-CHD surgery compared to those without chylothorax. Multisite data collection and analysis is required to better ascertain clinical impact and guide clinical practice.

PMID:40026099 | DOI:10.1017/S1047951125001222

J Alzheimers Dis. 2025 Mar 3:13872877251321182. doi: 10.1177/13872877251321182. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Geroscience aims to understand how the biology of aging serves as a shared contributor to multiple age-related health conditions. Genetic variants that influence multiple traits are said to exert pleiotropic effects. The study by Pan and colleagues applied a modern statistical model to identify genetic variants with potentially pleiotropic effects by assessing their joint association with Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias and another age-related comorbidity (e.g., coronary heart disease, hyperlipidemia, cancer). Motivated by Pan and colleagues, this commentary introduces the concept of genetic geroscience as a paradigm for identifying genetic variants with potentially pleotropic effects on multiple age-related health conditions.

PMID:40026006 | DOI:10.1177/13872877251321182

Chemphyschem. 2025 Mar 3:e202400711. doi: 10.1002/cphc.202400711. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

This work presents a systematic study of the electronic response and physico-chemical characteristics from hydrothermally treated organic carbon sources (banana peels and cocoa husks). Both samples are exposed to 150 °C and 210 °C for 2, 4, and 6 hours. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and conductivity measurements are used to describe the electronic properties for each organic carbon source. A multicategorical statistical optimization model let us to identify the best dielectric performance considering: a) temperature treatment, b) exposure time, c) frequency, and d) the organic carbon source. Our results indicate that cocoa husk hydrothermally treated samples (CHH) exhibited the best dielectric response, originating from high carboxyl concentrations or diamond-like carbon structures at 150°C for 6 and 2 hours. In contrast, banana peel hydrothermally treated samples (BPH) are good conductors in comparison to CHH, due to low carboxylation or highly graphitization. This study provides valuable insights into the fundamental structure of lignocellulosic carbon sources that can aid in the development of energy storage and microwave technologies by transforming agricultural residues into high-value electronic materials.

PMID:40025910 | DOI:10.1002/cphc.202400711

Sci Prog. 2025 Jan-Mar;108(1):368504251320766. doi: 10.1177/00368504251320766.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: Data regarding the long-term outcomes of patients with thromboangiitis obliterans (TAO) after drug therapy (DT) alone and endovascular procedure (EP)+ drug therapy (DT) are limited. In this study, we compared the long-term outcomes and prognostic factors of major amputation in TAO patients treated with DT alone and those treated with EP+ DT.

METHODS: Consecutive patients with TAO treated at Ganzhou People’s Hospital between 2012 and 2022 were included in this real-world study. All patients were administered DT. Some patients were treated with EP in addition to DT. The patients were classified into two groups: the DT group and the EP+ DT group. Long-term follow-up was sustained for all patients after treatment, and limb events were documented throughout the follow-up period. Cox regression analyses were used to analyze the factors associated with major amputation of the TAO.

RESULTS: A total of 150 TAO patients with 175 lower limb lesions were included in the study and the number of patients in DT group and EP+ DT group was 81 and 69, respectively. The technical success rate in the EP group was 82.6%. The major amputation was performed in 19 and 21 patients in the respective groups, accounting for 26.7% of the total patients. The Kaplan-Meier curves for major amputation did not significantly differ between the two groups. Cox regression analysis revealed that disease duration (hazard ratio (HR), 0.865; 95% confidence interval (CI) [0.783-0.979], p = 0.005), wound grade (HR, 2.240; 95% CI 1.565-3.207], p < 0.001) and current smoking (HR, 3.075; 95% CI 1.317-7.812], p = 0.009) were independent factors for major amputation in patients with TAO.

CONCLUSION: In terms of long-term outcomes, major amputation in TAO patients did not seem to be related to the treatment methods despite a higher immediate patency rate observed after endovascular procedures. Additionally, we identified independent factors for major amputation.

PMID:40025902 | DOI:10.1177/00368504251320766

Curr Med Res Opin. 2025 Mar 3:1-10. doi: 10.1080/03007995.2025.2470749. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Patient-Reported Outcome (PRO) measures supported by a severity algorithm may serve as a decision aid for triage and consultation in follow-up of patients with endometriosis. In a new follow-up regime, patients filled out an endometriosis-specific questionnaire (EQ) at home before outpatient consultation (tele-Patient-Reported Outcome Measures; telePROM). A severity algorithm was assigned patients’ answers using a color code thereby reflecting the need of clinical attention. Our study aimed to assess the test-retest reliability of the severity algorithm and of the single items as well as to evaluate the face- and content validity of the EQ.

METHODS: The study was carried out in a referral endometriosis clinic at a Danish University Hospital. The validation was based on an initial version of the EQ, which was adjusted simultaneously with its severity algorithm, to meet the purpose of this study. Reliability was assessed by a test-retest setting of the questionnaire including patients with endometriosis, ≥ 18 years and Danish speaking. Kappa statistics and interclass correlation analyses were applied to assess test-retest reliability. Face- and content validity was explored by focus group interviewing of patients.

RESULTS: In total, 14 patients answered the questionnaire twice. Results indicate that the EQ demonstrated substantial reliability in three out of five domain indicators in the severity algorithm and 65% of items with kappa values above 0.60. Further, focus-group interview of five patients resulted in adding an open-ended question regarding important issues to discuss at the consultation.

CONCLUSION: TelePROM in outpatient follow-up of endometriosis is feasible as patients viewed the questionnaire relevant for their clinical follow-up. Yet, due to the small sample size results should be interpreted with caution. Further validation of the EQ is recommended.

PMID:40025888 | DOI:10.1080/03007995.2025.2470749

Epigenomics. 2025 Mar 2:1-12. doi: 10.1080/17501911.2025.2473309. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Dietary modification is a cornerstone and a primary goal for weight loss, whose effects may be related to epigenetic phenomena. In this literature review, a comprehensive search without time restriction was performed in PubMed/Medline, Cochrane, SciELO, and Scopus databases to identify epigenetic signatures related to obesity outcomes upon dietary advice. In this context, experimental studies and clinical trials have identified certain DNA methylation marks, miRNA expression profiles and histone modifications putatively associated with adiposity outcomes after different nutritional interventions. These include traditional dietary patterns, diets with different macronutrient compositions, and supplementation with fatty acids, amino acids and derivatives, methyl donors, vitamins and minerals, probiotics and prebiotics, and bioactive food compounds. Some of these epigenetic signatures have been mapped to genes involved in food intake control, adipogenesis, lipolysis, fatty acid oxidation, body fat deposition, and gut microbiota modulation. However, additional studies are still required to address dosage and follow-up variability, validation of epigenetic marks, genome-wide approaches, and appropriate statistical settings. Although more investigation is required, these insights may contribute to the characterization of epigenetic biomarkers of body weight regulation toward the prescription of tailored dietary strategies targeting the epigenome for a more precise obesity management and control.

PMID:40025880 | DOI:10.1080/17501911.2025.2473309

J Int Assoc Provid AIDS Care. 2025 Jan-Dec;24:23259582251320127. doi: 10.1177/23259582251320127.

ABSTRACT

Background: In 2020, people living with HIV (PLHIV) in France were worried that the COVID-19 health crisis would lead to long-term changes in their HIV care. Using data from the anonymous, online, cross-sectional survey ACOVIH, which was completed by PLHIV between July and September 2020, this study explored factors associated with worry about long-term changes to HIV care after the end of the first lockdown (17 March-11 May 2020). Methods: Using multivariate logistic regression, we compared participants who declared they were worried about long-term changes with those who did not, in terms of their demographic, behavioral, and socioeconomic characteristics, as well as their experience of the COVID-19 crisis and access to care. Results: Among the 249 respondents, 61.5% (n = 153) declared having worries about long-term changes to HIV care. Specifically, after adjustment for gender and age, PLHIV born outside of France (adjusted odds ratios (aOR) [95%CI] = 2.57[1.44;6.76]), those whose financial situation deteriorated since the beginning of the pandemic (4.87[1.97;13.20]), those with a history of HIV opportunistic infections (3.27[1.53;7.32]), and respondents who took psychotropic drugs (3.21[1.50;7.22]) were all more likely to declare having worries. In terms of related determinants, a deterioration in communication with their HIV medical team (3.47[1.61;7.94]), having worries about COVID-19 (1.36[1.14;1.62]), and believing that HIV treatment increased the risk of COVID-19 infection (1.52[1.15;2.03]), were all significantly associated with having worries about long-term changes to HIV care. Conclusion: In the context of future disease epidemics, taking into account the profiles of individual PLHIV, and providing clearer, targeted information on HIV care, could help reduce worry in this population about the continuity of HIV care and could foster efficient communication with care providers.

PMID:40025868 | DOI:10.1177/23259582251320127

Am J Clin Oncol. 2025 Mar 3. doi: 10.1097/COC.0000000000001183. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: The historical distrust between the African-American community and the medical system, rooted in systemic racism, continues to affect health care outcomes today. Although Caucasian women have the largest incidence of breast cancer diagnoses, African-American women have the highest mortality rate. Furthermore, studies show African-American women are less likely to receive hypofractionated radiation therapy (RT). The Navigation-Assisted Hypofractionation (NAVAH) program was designed to identify the barriers preventing equal access to adjuvant hypofractionated RT while also addressing the inequities by utilizing patient navigation services to improve breast cancer survivorship in African-American women. This study explored patients’ perceptions of racism in medicine, offering new insights into this critical, yet understudied aspect of health care disparities.

METHODS: This is a prospective study of African-American breast cancer patients enrolled in the ongoing NAVAH phase I clinical trial. Following consent to receive RT, pretreatment surveys were administered. Surveys assessed participants’ distrust of medical professionals and if care was impacted as a result. Each patient answered a series of questions with responses on a scale from strongly agree to strongly disagree. The significance of patients’ views on medical racism and physician trust was evaluated using the Kendall tau correlation. A P-value of ≤0.05 was considered statistically significant.

RESULTS: The Kendall tau test was used to analyze the data accounting for the possible nonlinear, monotonic nature of the data. Patients believing harmful events have taken place at medical centers were significantly less likely to trust doctors (P=0.03). Of the remaining sets of questions assessed, only the correlation between the belief that African-Americans receive the same care as other patients and the likelihood of following hospital-given advice approached statistical significance (P=0.055).

LESSONS: Patients’ perception of treatment within the medical system can greatly impact their decision to seek care and adhere to treatment, which in return can have a substantial impact on oncologic outcomes. Our findings indicate that patient trust in physicians is significantly impacted by patient perceptions of the likelihood of harmful event occurrence at medical centers, with the correlation of perceived medical racism and obeying hospital-given advice trending towards significance.

TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05978232.

PMID:40025854 | DOI:10.1097/COC.0000000000001183

Int Endod J. 2025 Mar 2. doi: 10.1111/iej.14217. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

AIMS: The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy and consistency of responses given by two different versions of Chat Generative Pre-trained Transformer (ChatGPT), ChatGPT-4, and ChatGPT-4o, to multiple-choice questions prepared from undergraduate endodontic education topics at different times of the day and on different days.

METHODOLOGY: In total, 60 multiple-choice, text-based questions from 6 topics of undergraduate endodontic education were prepared. Each question was asked to ChatGPT-4 and ChatGPT-4o 3 times a day (morning, noon, and evening) and for 3 consecutive days. The accuracy and consistency of AIs were compared using SPSS and R programs (p < .05, 95% confidence interval).

RESULTS: The accuracy rate of ChatGPT-4o (92.8%) was significantly higher than that of ChatGPT-4 (81.7%; p < .001). The question groups affected the accuracy rates of both AIs (p < .001). The times at which the questions were asked did not affect the accuracy of either AI (p > .05). There was no statistically significant difference in the consistency rate between ChatGPT-4 and ChatGPT-4o (p = .123). The question groups did not affect the consistency of either AI, too (p > .05).

CONCLUSIONS: According to the results of this study, the accuracy of ChatGPT-4o was better than that of ChatGPT-4. These findings demonstrate that AI chatbots can be used in dental education. However, it is also necessary to consider the limitations and potential risks associated with AI.

PMID:40025853 | DOI:10.1111/iej.14217