Tag: nevin manimala

Ann Med. 2025 Dec;57(1):2486585. doi: 10.1080/07853890.2025.2486585. Epub 2025 Apr 18.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Perinatal opioid use disorder (OUD) remains a public health epidemic. Stress, anxiety and depression are disproportionately high among this population and are associated with poor recovery outcomes. Mindfulness interventions show promise for supporting recovery for women. This paper reports results of a pilot study to evaluate initial efficacy and acceptability of digitally delivered mindfulness meditation videos to reduce stress and promote mindfulness among women in recovery.

METHODS: Women with lived experience of OUD were recruited from three outpatient programs that provided care to pregnant and parenting women with a history of opioid use in rural northern New England (2 maternity care settings that offered buprenorphine as part of their service menu and 1 academic substance use treatment setting). In a pre-post study design, participants were randomly assigned to receive four of 16 short meditation videos, each delivered by email in a survey link over a 2-week period (2 per week) Videos were co-designed in earlier work with representative end-users, guided by evidence-based mindfulness interventions. Assessment included the Perceived Stress Scale and the Mindfulness Attention Awareness Scale. Participants rated each video on usefulness, enjoyability, ability to lower anxiety, and intention to use in the future. Participants also provided open-ended feedback about the videos. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, paired t-tests, and generalized linear modeling.

RESULTS: A total of 20 women, ages 24-36 years, completed the pilot study. Most participants (95%) were white and non-Hispanic, reflecting the rural region. Marginal mean perceived stress scores decreased significantly from 21.49 to 19.85 [p = 0.05, d = 0.43] and mean mindfulness scores increased significantly from 3.47 to 3.76 [p = 0.04, d = 0.45]. Overall, the meditation videos were rated as highly acceptable and useful and a majority (80%) indicated intention to use the meditations in the future.

CONCLUSION: Digitally delivered meditation videos were highly acceptable and useful to participants and the low dose intervention reduced stress and improved mindfulness. Findings inform directions for future research with larger samples to evaluate the effectiveness of this accessible digital intervention to support women in recovery and strategies for broadly implementing the intervention.

PMID:40248919 | DOI:10.1080/07853890.2025.2486585

Inquiry. 2025 Jan-Dec;62:469580251332057. doi: 10.1177/00469580251332057. Epub 2025 Apr 18.

ABSTRACT

Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) constitutes a significant public health crisis worldwide, with profound social and economic implications. This cross-sectional study explores the linkage between childhood adversities and IPV among married women in urban Bangladesh. From January to December 2018, the research involved 230 female participants from 3 urban sub-districts of Dhaka city. Utilizing the Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) questionnaire alongside an IPV questionnaire from the modified version of the Abuse Assessment Screen, this study examined the prevalence and severity of physical, sexual, and psychological abuse. Multiple linear regression analysis was employed to identify predictors of IPV. Findings reveal a strikingly high prevalence of IPV, with 91.7% of participants reporting experiences of some form of IPV. The frequency of IPV varied, with substantial portions experiencing multiple forms of abuse. The regression analysis indicated that higher ACE scores (B = 0.24, P < .05), inability to pay utility bills (B = 0.41, P < .05), and smoking at home (B = 0.53, P < .05) significantly contributed to increased IPV scores. The study underscores the profound impact of childhood adversities on the likelihood of experiencing IPV in adulthood, advocating for comprehensive public health strategies that address the prevention of violence across the lifespan. It emphasizes the need for targeted interventions that not only address the immediate factors contributing to IPV but also the broader socioeconomic issues that underpin such behaviors.

PMID:40248917 | DOI:10.1177/00469580251332057

J Chem Inf Model. 2025 Apr 18. doi: 10.1021/acs.jcim.4c02008. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Generative models have emerged as potentially powerful methods for molecular design, yet challenges persist in generating molecules that effectively bind to the intended target. The ability to control the design process and incorporate prior knowledge would be highly beneficial for better tailoring molecules to fit specific binding sites. In this paper, we introduce MolSnapper, a novel tool that is able to condition diffusion models for structure-based drug design by seamlessly integrating expert knowledge in the form of 3D pharmacophores. We demonstrate through comprehensive testing on both the CrossDocked and Binding MOAD data sets that our method generates molecules better tailored to fit a given binding site, achieving high structural and chemical similarity to the original molecules. Additionally, MolSnapper yields approximately twice as many valid molecules as alternative methods.

PMID:40248896 | DOI:10.1021/acs.jcim.4c02008

Euro Surveill. 2025 Apr;30(15). doi: 10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2025.30.15.2500247.

NO ABSTRACT

PMID:40248887 | DOI:10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2025.30.15.2500247

Euro Surveill. 2025 Apr;30(15). doi: 10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2025.30.15.2500237.

NO ABSTRACT

PMID:40248885 | DOI:10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2025.30.15.2500237

Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol. 2025 Apr 18. doi: 10.1097/PAI.0000000000001260. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

High-grade serous carcinoma is categorized based on p53 mutation status. A relationship is known to exist between p53 mutations and p53 immunoexpression patterns, including overexpression, complete absence, cytoplasmic, and wild-type patterns. The ubiquitin ligases WWP1 and PARC, known to regulate p53 activation, are hypothesized to influence the pathogenesis of serous ovarian tumors. This retrospective study examined 7 low-grade serous carcinomas, 38 high-grade serous carcinomas, and 15 serous cystadenomas, with immunohistochemical analyses performed for WWP1, PARC, and p53. High-grade serous carcinoma cases were classified into wild-type, cytoplasmic, complete absence, or overexpression categories based on p53 immunohistochemistry. PARC and WWP1 expressions were compared across p53 categories and diagnoses. Results showed a statistically significant reduction in WWP1 and PARC expression in serous carcinomas, with the most pronounced loss observed in high-grade cases. Among morphologically classified high-grade carcinomas, 17 overexpression, 11 complete absence, 6 wild-type, and 4 cytoplasmic p53 cases were identified. A statistically significant relationship was found between PARC, WWP1, and p53 status. Higher expression levels of PARC and WWP1 were detected in p53 wild-type cases, whereas lower expression levels were associated with cases exhibiting p53 overexpression and complete absence. This study suggests that PARC and WWP1 play a role in the pathogenesis of high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma, potentially mediated by p53, making them promising targets for treatment and prognostic markers in serous ovarian cancer.

PMID:40248870 | DOI:10.1097/PAI.0000000000001260

Front Surg. 2025 Apr 3;12:1563256. doi: 10.3389/fsurg.2025.1563256. eCollection 2025.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Intracranial arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) classified as Spetzler-Martin (SM) grades III-V present significant therapeutic challenges due to their complex angioarchitecture and high risk of morbidity. Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is a minimally invasive modality for nidus obliteration, often combined with embolization to reduce nidus size and address high-risk vascular features. However, the impact of pre-SRS embolization on obliteration rates, post-SRS hemorrhage, and mortality remains controversial. This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to evaluate the effects of embolization on SRS outcomes in high-grade AVMs.

METHODS: Following PRISMA guidelines, a comprehensive search of PubMed, ScienceDirect, Cochrane, and Google Scholar was conducted. Studies comparing SRS alone versus SRS with embolization in SM grade III-V AVMs were included. Primary outcomes were obliteration rates, post-SRS hemorrhage, and mortality. Data extraction and quality assessment were performed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale, and pooled analysis was conducted using Review Manager (RevMan) software.

RESULTS: Out of 4,186 identified studies, five high-quality cohort studies met inclusion criteria. Pooled analysis showed that SRS alone resulted in higher obliteration rates than SRS with embolization (OR: 2.06, 95% CI: 0.92-4.65; p=0.08), though not statistically significant. Post-SRS hemorrhage rates were comparable (OR: 3.07, 95% CI: 0.72-13.08; p = 0.13), and mortality rates showed no significant difference (OR: 0.21, 95% CI: 0.01-4.62; p = 0.32).

DISCUSSION: Although embolization aids in nidus volume reduction, it may hinder radiosurgical efficacy by altering nidus architecture and introducing shielding effects. SRS alone demonstrated superior obliteration rates with fewer technical concerns. Individualized treatment planning remains essential, balancing embolization benefits against its potential drawbacks. Future studies should explore advancements in embolic agents and imaging techniques to optimize multimodal strategies for high-grade AVMs.

PMID:40248814 | PMC:PMC12003381 | DOI:10.3389/fsurg.2025.1563256

Front Surg. 2025 Apr 3;12:1513695. doi: 10.3389/fsurg.2025.1513695. eCollection 2025.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Evidence suggests that hiatal hernia should be repaired if found during laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG), either to prevent new-onset post-operative gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD), or to treat pre-existing reflux symptoms. There is interest in performing laparoscopic Nissen’s fundoplication (LNF) along with hiatal hernia repair (HHR) during LSG. This study aimed to determine whether hiatal crural repair alone is adequate for symptomatic control. We compared operative time, body mass index (BMI), and reflux symptoms between those undergoing LSG with HHR vs. LSG with HHR and LNF.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed clinical data of patients who underwent LSG with HHR. This cohort was divided into those with LNF (group 1) and without LNF (group 2). We collected patients’ pre-operative BMI and GERD Questionnaire (GERD-Q) scores. We then compared pre-operative BMI and GERD-Q values with post-operative indices at 1-month, 3-months, and 6-months. The patients’ medical records for operative findings and time between both groups was analyzed. Statistical analyses included Independent Samples T-tests, Paired T-tests, and correlation analysis.

RESULTS: In this study, 978 bariatric surgeries were performed. Of 431 LSG patients, 73 fulfilled the study criteria. Both groups showed significant reduction in BMI and GERD-Q scores post-operatively. Group 1 had a decrease in BMI from an average pre-operative value of 38.03-32.17 at 6 months (p < 0.001), and GERD-Q scores from 12.25 to 6.47 (p < 0.001). Group 2 showed a BMI decrease from 39.63 to 31.67 (p < 0.001) and GERD-Q scores from 11.54 to 6.93 (p < 0.001) at 6 months. Average operative time was similar in both groups, 76.41 and 79.15 min for group 1 and 2, respectively (p = 0.621).

CONCLUSION: Our research with short-term results reports similar improvement in BMI and GERD symptoms in patients with LSG and HHR with or without LNF. A sound repair of hiatal crura combined with LSG leads to comparable outcomes to crural repair combined with LNF and LSG for weight loss and reflux resolution. Our short-term results do not support LNF in combination with LSG and HHR. Further research is essential to determine the long-term outcomes.

PMID:40248813 | PMC:PMC12003324 | DOI:10.3389/fsurg.2025.1513695

J Anaesthesiol Clin Pharmacol. 2025 Apr-Jun;41(2):345-350. doi: 10.4103/joacp.joacp_121_24. Epub 2024 Nov 15.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Point-of-care ultrasound conducted by anesthesiologists plays a crucial role in ensuring the safety of anesthesia. This study aims to evaluate the interobserver reliability of ultrasound measurements of the inferior vena cava (IVC) and aorta diameters in fasting pediatric patients undergoing spontaneous and controlled ventilation. Despite the prevalent use of indices for intravascular volume assessment, their accuracy varies depending on the observer’s expertise, particularly in pediatric cases. This research seeks to provide valuable insights into the interobserver reliability of ultrasound measurements in pediatric patients.

MATERIAL AND METHODS: A single-center prospective observational study was conducted involving pediatric patients aged 1-12 years undergoing elective surgery. Ethical approval and written consent were obtained, with exclusions for major cardiovascular issues. Ultrasound measurements of IVC and aorta were performed by two observers during spontaneous and controlled ventilation in the subxiphoid transabdominal long-axis view. Reliability was assessed through statistical analyses, including the intraclass correlation coefficient and Bland-Altman analysis.

RESULTS: Mean values of IVC and aorta diameters were summarized for both observers during different ventilation modes. The intraclass correlation coefficient indicated excellent to good agreement between the observers for both spontaneous and controlled ventilation scenarios. Bland-Altman analysis revealed no fixed or proportional errors, confirming the reliability of the measurements.

CONCLUSIONS: This study establishes the reliability of ultrasound measurements for assessing IVC and aorta in subxiphoid transabdominal long-axis view. The findings highlight the potential of this technique in pediatric anesthesia, even after brief training, providing valuable insights for clinical practice.

PMID:40248806 | PMC:PMC12002677 | DOI:10.4103/joacp.joacp_121_24

J Anaesthesiol Clin Pharmacol. 2025 Apr-Jun;41(2):318-322. doi: 10.4103/joacp.joacp_5_24. Epub 2024 May 23.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Liver resection is a complex surgery, and optimizing recovery is critical to ensure that patients can promptly regain their health and quality of life. The authors present a retrospective cohort study on Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) in liver resection aimed at correlating compliance with ERAS elements to length of stay (LOS) and the incidence of complications in a tertiary-level cancer hospital in Eastern India.

MATERIAL AND METHODS: In total, 44 hepatectomy patients were assessed retrospectively from June 2022 to May 2023. Data were collected from electronic medical records and patient charts.

RESULTS: The overall compliance was 77.7%. Individual component compliance varied. Lower compliance rates were seen with some aspects such as fasting and carbohydrate loading, minimally invasive surgical techniques used, and avoidance or early removal of the drain. The cohort was divided into two groups. Group 1 had compliance to ≥75% of 21 elements of ERAS, and group 2 had compliance to <75%. Statistical analysis showed higher ERAS compliance and reduced complications, although LOS differences were not statistically significant (group 1 and group 2 with an LOS difference of 1 day). Severe complications such as re-exploration and death were noted in the group of patients with compliance to less than 75% of the components.

CONCLUSION: With increased ERAS compliance, the patients benefited clinically and financially.

PMID:40248802 | PMC:PMC12002699 | DOI:10.4103/joacp.joacp_5_24