Tag: nevin manimala

J Gastroenterol. 2026 Mar 10. doi: 10.1007/s00535-026-02382-9. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) enclosed within extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as crucial players in carcinogenesis and are increasingly recognized as potential cancer biomarkers. However, their significance in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and their utility for early detection remain unclear.

METHODS: We utilized microarray analysis to identify the miRNAs highly expressed in PDAC cells compared to immortalized pancreatic ductal cells. Functional studies investigated the effect of miRNA overexpression and inhibition on PDAC cells invasion/migration and associated signaling pathways. Additionally, we examined the transfer of miRNA via EVs and their potential impact on the recipient PDAC cells. Serum samples from 30 healthy individuals, 30 patients with intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm, and 30 PDAC were analyzed for EV miRNA expression using digital PCR.

RESULTS: MiR-425 emerged as an oncogenic miRNA upregulated in PDAC, suppressing phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) while activating phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) pathways. Treatment with miR-425-enriched EVs induced EMT in PDAC cells by suppressing PTEN, enhancing invasion and migration. Serum EV miR-425 levels tended to be higher in PDAC patients, particularly in Stage I/II compared to Stage III/IV, although the difference was not statistically significant. Combining EV miR-425 with CA19-9 improved diagnostic performance over CA19-9 alone, achieving a sensitivity 93%, specificity 91%, and AUC of 0.98.

CONCLUSION: Our finding suggested the role of intercellular transfer of EV miR-425 in inducing EMT via PTEN/PI3K/Akt pathway modulation, thereby promoting invasion and migration of PDAC cells. Serum EV miR-425 holds promise as a potential biomarker for early diagnosis of PDAC.

PMID:41806200 | DOI:10.1007/s00535-026-02382-9

Paediatr Anaesth. 2026 Mar 10. doi: 10.1002/pan.70163. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Sacrococcygeal teratomas (SCT), although rare, are the most common teratomas found in neonates. Anesthetic management of neonates undergoing SCT resection surgery is challenging, given the risk of massive hemorrhage and high mortality rate.

AIMS: The primary aim of this single center retrospective study was to analyze neonates undergoing SCT resection over the last decade and report on perioperative outcomes, including blood product transfusion practices. The secondary aim was to describe patient and tumor characteristics that might place neonates undergoing SCT resection surgery at elevated risk for morbidity and mortality.

METHODS: Retrospective chart review of neonates who underwent sacrococcygeal teratoma resection at Boston Children’s Hospital between January 2012 and April 2024. Demographic data, tumor characteristics, transfusion data, perioperative respiratory and hemodynamic data, and 30-day outcomes were collected. Descriptive statistics for patient and tumor characteristics are reported. Univariate analyses using Fisher’s exact test and the Wilcoxon rank sum test were used for analysis of transfusion data and clinically significant postoperative events.

RESULTS: Seventeen patients were identified. The median age at the time of surgery was day of life 4 with a median weight of 3.3 kg. Thirty-nine percent of neonates experienced a clinically significant postoperative event within 30 days of surgery, defined as a composite outcome event. One patient died within 30 days of surgery. Fifty-nine percent of neonates received an intraoperative blood transfusion. The median transfusion volume of RBCs was 24.8 mL/kg (0, 43). Those transfused had a larger median tumor volume [947.3 cm³ (interquartile range: 354.2, 2048)] and tumor volume-to-weight ratio [0.31 (0.10, 0.77)] compared to those who were not transfused [48.6 cm³ (24.2, 367.5)] and [0.02 (0.01, 0.07)] respectively. The median duration of anesthesia in transfused patients was 7.8 h (6.4, 9.2) versus 5.8 h (3.7, 6.7) in patients not transfused. Although more neonates with non-cystic tumors got transfused (70% vs. 30%), there was no statistically significant difference in median volume of red blood cells transfused intraoperatively for cystic [28.1 mL/kg (0, 40)] versus non-cystic tumors [24.8 mL/kg (0, 60)].

CONCLUSIONS: Neonates undergoing SCT surgery had a high rate of blood transfusion (59%), replacing on average over a quarter of their blood volume, and a high composite adverse outcome rate (39%). Predictors of blood product transfusion include immature tumors, gestational age less than 37 weeks, larger median tumor volume, greater tumor volume-to-weight ratio, higher intraoperative estimated blood loss, and longer time under anesthesia. Predictors of clinically significant postoperative events within 30 days of surgery include Altman type 2 tumors, gestational age less than 37 weeks, and longer anesthesia times.

PMID:41806167 | DOI:10.1002/pan.70163

Ann Clin Transl Neurol. 2026 Mar 10. doi: 10.1002/acn3.70357. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Paramagnetic rim lesions (PRLs) are a subset of chronic active multiple sclerosis (MS) lesions marked by iron-laden microglia and macrophages. Ocrelizumab, a monoclonal antibody targeting CD20+ B cells, suppresses acute MS activity, but its effect on PRLs remains unclear. In a longitudinal study of 29 ocrelizumab-treated patients with at least one PRL on quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM), 97 PRLs were identified. Before treatment, PRLs showed higher QSM values than non-PRLs (p = 0.001), indicating iron enrichment. After treatment, PRLs demonstrated a greater QSM reduction (p < 0.001), with an accelerated decline in susceptibility. These findings suggest ocrelizumab may attenuate iron-related inflammation in PRLs.

PMID:41806161 | DOI:10.1002/acn3.70357

Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2026 Mar 10. doi: 10.1002/ijgo.70930. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: This study evaluates the association between obesity and the presence of bowel endometriosis in patients undergoing surgery.

METHODS: A retrospective cross-sectional observational study was conducted with patients treated between September 2023 and December 2024, at a specialized endometriosis outpatient clinic of a tertiary hospital in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Women who underwent surgery for histopathological confirmation of deep endometriosis were included. The outcome was bowel endometriosis, defined as a lesion >1 cm located in the rectosigmoid region. Preoperative weight and height were measured, and obesity was defined according to World Health Organization body mass index (BMI) criteria. The association between obesity and the outcome was assessed using multivariable logistic regression, adjusting for potential confounders. A P-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.

RESULTS: A total of 223 women with histologically confirmed deep endometriosis were included, of whom 24.2% had bowel involvement. In the multivariable logistic regression, after adjusting for age and number of cesarean deliveries, body weight was independently associated with a lower likelihood of bowel lesions (odds ratio [OR]: 0.97; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.94-0.99; P = 0.031). The number of cesarean deliveries was also inversely associated with the outcome (OR: 0.39; 95% CI: 0.21-0.71; P = 0.002).

CONCLUSION: Although higher body weight was associated with a lower chance of bowel involvement, these results should be interpreted cautiously given the cross-sectional nature of the study and the limitations of BMI and body weight as measures of adiposity. Future studies incorporating more precise anthropometric assessments (e.g., bioimpedance, body fat percentage, or abdominal circumference) are warranted.

PMID:41806155 | DOI:10.1002/ijgo.70930

Adv Biotechnol (Singap). 2026 Mar 10;4(1):9. doi: 10.1007/s44307-025-00093-5.

ABSTRACT

Recent advancements in sequencing technologies have transformed the characterization of genomic and transcriptomic complexity. In this review, we present a comprehensive overview of Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT), emphasizing its unique capability for real-time, long-read, and direct RNA sequencing. We begin by outlining the core ONT analytical workflow-base calling, alignment, re-squiggling, and quality control-and summarize the major computational tools applied at each stage. Then extensive illustrations of various RNA modification detection techniques are provided, spanning from statistical models, machine learning and deep learning frameworks to advanced strategies incorporating large language models. To assess methodological performance, additional benchmark analyses of m6A and pseudouridine (Ψ) are carried out across two publicly available datasets. These results demonstrate substantial variability across different tools, underscoring the inherent difficulties in reliably detecting modifications from ONT signals. We further examine the biological roles of key RNA modifications and contrast ONT-based approaches with conventional detection technologies. Finally, we discuss persistent limitations such as sequencing error rates, data and computational demands, and the complexity of multi-modification inference, and further propose future directions aimed at improving accuracy, robustness, and biological interpretability in ONT-based epitranscriptomic research.

PMID:41806147 | DOI:10.1007/s44307-025-00093-5

Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2026 Mar 10. doi: 10.1007/s10096-026-05433-4. Online ahead of print.

NO ABSTRACT

PMID:41806099 | DOI:10.1007/s10096-026-05433-4

Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol. 2026 Mar 10;36(1):136. doi: 10.1007/s00590-026-04691-4.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The Peroneus longus graft has not been assessed till now in All-Inside Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction (AI-ACLR). The purpose of this study was to compare the PLT and STT autograft in terms of graft characteristics (e.g. graft diameter, length, etc.) as primary outcome and clinical scores (IKDC, Tegner-lysholm and KOOS scores) as secondary outcomes in AI-ACLR using our modified surgical technique.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: This retrospective, non-randomised case-control study was conducted from January 2021 to October 2023. Patients with ACL tears, aged between 18 and 50 years, were included. Patients having multiligament injuries, fractures, meniscal injuries, pre-existing osteoarthritis of the knee or a BMI of ≥30 kg/m2 were excluded. Patients were non-randomly divided into two groups according to autograft source. Group 1: PLT; Group 2: STT. 70 patients underwent AI-ACLR using our modified technique: Group 1, n = 35; Group 2, n = 35. Mean follow-up duration was 24 ± 3.4 (range 18-28) months.

RESULTS: Mean age was 28 (17-36) years. The harvested tendon length was significantly longer in group 1 (31.51 ± 2.41 mm vs. 29.0 ± 2.49 mm; P = 0.004). Group 1 also had significantly thicker graft diameter (8.9 ± 0.16 mm vs. 8.1 ± 0.3 mm; P = 0.021), longer graft (69.74 ± 1.54 mm vs. 68.18 ± 2.52 mm; P = 0.039), better followup KOOS (68.86 ± 6.1 vs. 60.09 ± 5.65; P < 0.001), Tegner-Lysholm score (69.46 ± 4.62 vs. 65.73 ± 6.25; P = 0.038) and IKDC score (59.26 ± 3.81 vs. 56.18 ± 5.65; P = 0.045). The mean surgical time was slightly less in group 1 (59.89 ± 9.32 min vs. 61.64 ± 6.82 min), but the difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.506).

CONCLUSION: Our modified technique of AI-ACLR using Peroneus longus (PLT) provides better graft characteristics for AI-ACLR as compared to Semi-tendinosis (STT). The functional outcome scores were comparable in both the groups with no major complications reported, at a mean of 24 months of follow-up.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE III: (Retrospective comparative study).

PMID:41806080 | DOI:10.1007/s00590-026-04691-4

JACC Adv. 2026 Feb 23:102548. doi: 10.1016/j.jacadv.2025.102548. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

National health surveillance systems in the United States collect essential information about population health, yet differences in analytical methods often make it difficult to compare results across studies. This paper presents a clear and consistent framework for descriptive analyses using the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS). The framework establishes shared definitions for sociodemographic and clinical variables, outlines methods for handling missing data, and describes use of survey weights and multivariable models. This process will generate reproducible and interpretable estimates across different NHIS-based studies.

PMID:41805279 | DOI:10.1016/j.jacadv.2025.102548

Int J STD AIDS. 2026 Mar 10:9564624261432787. doi: 10.1177/09564624261432787. Online ahead of print.

NO ABSTRACT

PMID:41805258 | DOI:10.1177/09564624261432787

Clin Neuropharmacol. 2026 Feb 16. doi: 10.1097/WNF.0000000000000675. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: The role of escitalopram on cognition in patients with dementia is inconclusive. In this study effect of low-dose escitalopram on cognition in subjects with dementia without depression is explored.

METHODS: This is a retrospective study of subjects aged 60 years or more with a diagnosis of dementia without depression conducted in a tertiary-care hospital in India. Subjects treated with low-dose escitalopram with a follow-up of 12 weeks duration were included. The parameters extracted were sociodemographic characteristics, duration and type of dementia, comorbidities, other psychotropics, and antidementia drugs. The change in Hindi Mental Status Examination score from baseline to fourth, eighth, and 12th weeks is considered the primary outcome measure. In addition, changes in neuropsychiatric symptoms are the secondary outcome measures. Statistical methods include descriptive and comparative analysis, and repeated measures ANOVA was applied to assess change in cognition over time.

RESULTS: A total of 44 subjects were included, with a mean age of 73.5 ± 7.42 years and 56.82%. Among the subjects, 79.55% were diagnosed with AD, 11.36% with FTD, and 9.09% with VD, and the average duration of illness was 4.48 ± 2.28 years. Comparison of HMSE score from baseline to fourth, eighth, and 12th week shows a significant difference with P <0.001, with greater improvement in the first 4 weeks. In addition, the NPI and ADL scores showed significant improvement in week-4 with P <0.001.

CONCLUSION: Escitalopram shows a promising effect on cognition, behaviour, and functionality in subjects with dementia in the short term. However, a larger prospective long-term study is needed to validate the study findings.

PMID:41805243 | DOI:10.1097/WNF.0000000000000675